ch4 reading guide key
... 6. The energy released by oxidation of glucose is used to promote cellular metabolism. 7. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by lowering the activation energy. 8. Cellular respiration is the process that released energy from molecules such as glucose and makes it available for cellular use. IV. Ce ...
... 6. The energy released by oxidation of glucose is used to promote cellular metabolism. 7. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by lowering the activation energy. 8. Cellular respiration is the process that released energy from molecules such as glucose and makes it available for cellular use. IV. Ce ...
Elements Found in Living Things
... condensation as water is produced when the monomers are bonded together. To break the polymers down again the reaction is called hydrolysis. Notice how water is used or produced in these two reactions shown to the right There are four classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and n ...
... condensation as water is produced when the monomers are bonded together. To break the polymers down again the reaction is called hydrolysis. Notice how water is used or produced in these two reactions shown to the right There are four classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and n ...
II. Control of Metabolic Reactions
... 6. The energy released by oxidation of glucose is used to promote cellular metabolism. 7. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by lowering the activation energy. 8. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from molecules such as glucose and makes it available for cellular use. IV. Ce ...
... 6. The energy released by oxidation of glucose is used to promote cellular metabolism. 7. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by lowering the activation energy. 8. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from molecules such as glucose and makes it available for cellular use. IV. Ce ...
Biochemistry - SCHS EOC biology files
... How does water dissolve substances? • Water is polar it has a slight positive and negative charge that allows it to separate and dissolve other substances. ...
... How does water dissolve substances? • Water is polar it has a slight positive and negative charge that allows it to separate and dissolve other substances. ...
Concepts in Biochemistry 3/e
... Intricate Details of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex These reactions take place in the mitochondrial matrix Product of glycolysis Transported into matrix ...
... Intricate Details of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex These reactions take place in the mitochondrial matrix Product of glycolysis Transported into matrix ...
Chap 02 Study Outline
... Must contain ________ and __________ but may contain other elements as well. What are the 4 important groups of organic substances in the cells? Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide _________ for cellular activities and are composed of what 3 elements? Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides (si ...
... Must contain ________ and __________ but may contain other elements as well. What are the 4 important groups of organic substances in the cells? Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide _________ for cellular activities and are composed of what 3 elements? Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides (si ...
Biomolecules
... • Represented by the formula (CH2O)n • n = number of carbon atoms, n also multiplies H and O • The ratio of C:H:O is always 1:2:1 • 3 subtypes: monosaccharide (1 sugar ring), disaccharide (2 sugar rings) and polysaccharide ...
... • Represented by the formula (CH2O)n • n = number of carbon atoms, n also multiplies H and O • The ratio of C:H:O is always 1:2:1 • 3 subtypes: monosaccharide (1 sugar ring), disaccharide (2 sugar rings) and polysaccharide ...
Electron Carriers
... This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP ...
... This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP ...
Reading GuideChapter6_Tues
... pathways that we will talk about are catabolic pathways. Catabolic pathways will generate ATP in the process of breaking bonds or oxidizing organic compounds. ATP can be made by bacterial cells by one of three ways: 1. substrate level phosphorylation 2.oxidative phosphorylation, 3.photophosphorylati ...
... pathways that we will talk about are catabolic pathways. Catabolic pathways will generate ATP in the process of breaking bonds or oxidizing organic compounds. ATP can be made by bacterial cells by one of three ways: 1. substrate level phosphorylation 2.oxidative phosphorylation, 3.photophosphorylati ...
biochemistry
... Amino acids (Click) are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins. 20 different amino acids are used to synthesize proteins. The shape and other properties of each protein is dictated by the precise sequence of amino acids in it. *** The important example of proteins are (Click) Enzymes. ...
... Amino acids (Click) are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins. 20 different amino acids are used to synthesize proteins. The shape and other properties of each protein is dictated by the precise sequence of amino acids in it. *** The important example of proteins are (Click) Enzymes. ...
Chapter 9.5 and 9.6
... Facultative anaerobes: an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid c ...
... Facultative anaerobes: an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid c ...
are organic (based on carbon).
... • Nucleic acids - polymers of nucleotides, may be DNA or RNA. ...
... • Nucleic acids - polymers of nucleotides, may be DNA or RNA. ...
051607
... – Typically a ring structure • -OH attack on carbonyl carbon creates a hemiacetal or hemiketal • Makes an anomeric carbon: new stereocenter – Capable of mutarotation ...
... – Typically a ring structure • -OH attack on carbonyl carbon creates a hemiacetal or hemiketal • Makes an anomeric carbon: new stereocenter – Capable of mutarotation ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
... molecules). Other types of enzyme activity 'fine' regulation are allosterism and hormone-controlled covalent modification by phosphorylation (requiring ‘kinases’) and dephosphorylation (requiring ‘phosphatases’).These enzymes can be regulated as well in ‘enzyme cascades’. Flux in biochemical pathway ...
... molecules). Other types of enzyme activity 'fine' regulation are allosterism and hormone-controlled covalent modification by phosphorylation (requiring ‘kinases’) and dephosphorylation (requiring ‘phosphatases’).These enzymes can be regulated as well in ‘enzyme cascades’. Flux in biochemical pathway ...
large molecule consisting of many identical or similar subunits
... Denaturation: excessive heat, pH or chemicals that disrupt H, ionic and sulfide bonds of a protein causing it to unravel or lose conformation. This can disrupt biological activity. ...
... Denaturation: excessive heat, pH or chemicals that disrupt H, ionic and sulfide bonds of a protein causing it to unravel or lose conformation. This can disrupt biological activity. ...
Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole`s Human Anatomy and Physiology
... 1. The three series of reactions of cellular respiration are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain. 2. The products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. 3. In cellular respiration some energy is lost as heat but almost half is captured in a form that t ...
... 1. The three series of reactions of cellular respiration are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain. 2. The products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. 3. In cellular respiration some energy is lost as heat but almost half is captured in a form that t ...
No Slide Title - Suffolk County Community College
... - Catabolic reactions: break complex organic compounds into simper ones, usually via hydrolysis, usually exergonic - Anabolic reactions: build complex molecules from simpler ones, usually via dehydration synthesis, usually endergonic *Catabolic reactions provide the energy (ATP) and building blocks ...
... - Catabolic reactions: break complex organic compounds into simper ones, usually via hydrolysis, usually exergonic - Anabolic reactions: build complex molecules from simpler ones, usually via dehydration synthesis, usually endergonic *Catabolic reactions provide the energy (ATP) and building blocks ...
CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM
... is released via a process called chemiosmosis. • As electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain, protons are pumped out of the cell. • This causes the proton concentration outside the cell to be higher than inside the cell, causing a concentration gradient to form. ...
... is released via a process called chemiosmosis. • As electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain, protons are pumped out of the cell. • This causes the proton concentration outside the cell to be higher than inside the cell, causing a concentration gradient to form. ...
Chapter 2
... Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides (simple sugars); disaccharides are two _________ joined together; complex carbohydrates called _____________, such as starch, are built of many sugars. Humans synthesize the complex carbohydrate called _______________. ...
... Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides (simple sugars); disaccharides are two _________ joined together; complex carbohydrates called _____________, such as starch, are built of many sugars. Humans synthesize the complex carbohydrate called _______________. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.