Introduction to Biology
... b. plants and animals c. all living things d. energy transfer _____6. As the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become different from each other in a process called a. sexual reproduction b. photosynthesis c. mitosis d. differentiation _____7. Homeostasis refers to the a. organization ...
... b. plants and animals c. all living things d. energy transfer _____6. As the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become different from each other in a process called a. sexual reproduction b. photosynthesis c. mitosis d. differentiation _____7. Homeostasis refers to the a. organization ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... precursor metabolites, but you should understand that the central metabolic pathways produce them and that they are used to make subunits: Subunits (made from precursor metabolites) amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides glycerol fatty acids ...
... precursor metabolites, but you should understand that the central metabolic pathways produce them and that they are used to make subunits: Subunits (made from precursor metabolites) amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides glycerol fatty acids ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 9, 2004 1. a
... 7. Compare the relative efficiencies (in ATP’s per glucose oxidized) of glucose oxidation via glycolysis + the citric acid cycle vs. glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway + glycolysis. (Assume that NADH and NADPH are each equivalent to three ATPs and that FADH is equivalent to 2 ATPs.) ...
... 7. Compare the relative efficiencies (in ATP’s per glucose oxidized) of glucose oxidation via glycolysis + the citric acid cycle vs. glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway + glycolysis. (Assume that NADH and NADPH are each equivalent to three ATPs and that FADH is equivalent to 2 ATPs.) ...
Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
... Occurs in mitochondria (in eukaryotes) In cytosol (in prokaryotes) ...
... Occurs in mitochondria (in eukaryotes) In cytosol (in prokaryotes) ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... sequence of proteins; other functions for RNA in the cell exist. 4. Some nucleotides have independent metabolic functions in cells. a. Coenzymes are molecules which facilitate enzymatic reactions. b. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide used to supply energy for synthetic reactions and other ...
... sequence of proteins; other functions for RNA in the cell exist. 4. Some nucleotides have independent metabolic functions in cells. a. Coenzymes are molecules which facilitate enzymatic reactions. b. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide used to supply energy for synthetic reactions and other ...
2.1 KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their
... • A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. – multiple covalent bonds – diatomic molecules covalent bonds ...
... • A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. – multiple covalent bonds – diatomic molecules covalent bonds ...
cellular respiration
... rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. Animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. Cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex seri ...
... rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. Animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. Cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex seri ...
Biomolecules - Mercer Island School District
... For the same amount of each type of biomolecule below, which one has the most energy? Why? ...
... For the same amount of each type of biomolecule below, which one has the most energy? Why? ...
3.DCP I Year BCP Metabolism Notes
... e.g. Proteins gives Amino Acids. 2. Anabolism : Formation of the new molecule. e.g. Amino acids by polypeptide bonds forms proteins. ...
... e.g. Proteins gives Amino Acids. 2. Anabolism : Formation of the new molecule. e.g. Amino acids by polypeptide bonds forms proteins. ...
Chapter 6: Metabolism of Microorganisms
... • Deamination is the replacement of the amino group in a protein with a carbonyl group in protein breakdown • Fatty acids are broken down through beta oxidation • Anaerobic Respiration Produces ATP Using Other Final Electron Acceptors • In anaerobic respiration, anaerobes use molecules other than ox ...
... • Deamination is the replacement of the amino group in a protein with a carbonyl group in protein breakdown • Fatty acids are broken down through beta oxidation • Anaerobic Respiration Produces ATP Using Other Final Electron Acceptors • In anaerobic respiration, anaerobes use molecules other than ox ...
Study guide exam 1
... 26. What are enzymes? What is a catalyst? 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 29. What are oxidation – reduction reactions? 30. What are the differences between catabolism and anabolism? 31. List three main ways that ATP is gen ...
... 26. What are enzymes? What is a catalyst? 27. List three factors that affect enzyme activity. 28. What are competitive and non-competitive inhibitors? 29. What are oxidation – reduction reactions? 30. What are the differences between catabolism and anabolism? 31. List three main ways that ATP is gen ...
Biomolecules - VCS1-to-1
... • The base elements of proteins are C, H, O and N. • The monomers of proteins are 20 different amino acids. • The main function of proteins is for growth and repair of tissues in the body. ...
... • The base elements of proteins are C, H, O and N. • The monomers of proteins are 20 different amino acids. • The main function of proteins is for growth and repair of tissues in the body. ...
Biochem notes
... storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide in the liver ...
... storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide in the liver ...
BioChemBasics
... • H bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc • Can form between different parts of a single large molecule or between molecules • Help stabilize 3-D shape of proteins & Nucleic Acids • Function in chemical signaling ...
... • H bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc • Can form between different parts of a single large molecule or between molecules • Help stabilize 3-D shape of proteins & Nucleic Acids • Function in chemical signaling ...
Quiz8ch8.doc
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
NUTRIENT Handout
... All of the nutrients fit into one of these classes. Sometimes the things we ANALYZE, however, are not so clear cut. For example, we don't analyze just for "carbohydrates" because some of the carbohydrates are very digestible and some are very indigestible. For purposes of ANALYSIS, we often use a ve ...
... All of the nutrients fit into one of these classes. Sometimes the things we ANALYZE, however, are not so clear cut. For example, we don't analyze just for "carbohydrates" because some of the carbohydrates are very digestible and some are very indigestible. For purposes of ANALYSIS, we often use a ve ...
BIO-1408 Test 1, 29 Sept` 05
... b) the conversion yields one NADH per pyruvic acid molecule c) the conversion yields one FADH2 per pyruvic acid molecule d) the conversion is needed to regenerate the NAD+ consumed during glycolysis e) a buildup of pyruvic acid in the surrounding environment would be too toxic 41. the conversion of ...
... b) the conversion yields one NADH per pyruvic acid molecule c) the conversion yields one FADH2 per pyruvic acid molecule d) the conversion is needed to regenerate the NAD+ consumed during glycolysis e) a buildup of pyruvic acid in the surrounding environment would be too toxic 41. the conversion of ...
BDS Ist YEAR EXAMINATION 2008-09
... Define isoenzymes. Discuss the role of isoenzymes in clinical diagnosis with suitable examples. ...
... Define isoenzymes. Discuss the role of isoenzymes in clinical diagnosis with suitable examples. ...
Close Reading for Macromolecules
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.