SG 7,8,9,10
... Describe the Pentose Phosphate Pathway; importance in production of NADPH and 5C sugars, reaction pathway, enzymes involved. List other important sugars for vertebrates and their metabolism. Describe glycogenesis; process of glycogen synthesis and breakdown. What is Cori’s disease? Chapter 9 Write o ...
... Describe the Pentose Phosphate Pathway; importance in production of NADPH and 5C sugars, reaction pathway, enzymes involved. List other important sugars for vertebrates and their metabolism. Describe glycogenesis; process of glycogen synthesis and breakdown. What is Cori’s disease? Chapter 9 Write o ...
the Four Stages of Biochemical Energy Production
... Citric acid cycle – For every glucose, two acetyl groups enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) • Each two-carbon acetyl group combines with a fourcarbon compound • Two CO2 molecules are removed (why is this important?) • Energy captured as 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 form from each acetyl group ...
... Citric acid cycle – For every glucose, two acetyl groups enter the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) • Each two-carbon acetyl group combines with a fourcarbon compound • Two CO2 molecules are removed (why is this important?) • Energy captured as 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 form from each acetyl group ...
Background Assumed for Upper Division Courses
... I. monomers linked by phosphodiester bond between sugar & phosphate II. information "written" in base sequence of the monomers III. DNA a. 2 molecules hydrogen bonded in a double helix b. BASE SEQUENCE of carries genetic information IV. RNA a. several types b. each has specific role in converting ge ...
... I. monomers linked by phosphodiester bond between sugar & phosphate II. information "written" in base sequence of the monomers III. DNA a. 2 molecules hydrogen bonded in a double helix b. BASE SEQUENCE of carries genetic information IV. RNA a. several types b. each has specific role in converting ge ...
Metabolic Pathways a..
... between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
... between nucleus and cell membrane • Mitochondria are where energy-producing reactions occur ...
organic chemistry
... • Transform matter and energy into different forms. • Respond to changes in their environment. • Grow. • Reproduce. ...
... • Transform matter and energy into different forms. • Respond to changes in their environment. • Grow. • Reproduce. ...
What are you made of?
... cells • Less macromolecules in nearby cells than in the blood causes a “need” for that molecule • Cross into cells through diffusion or through active transport ...
... cells • Less macromolecules in nearby cells than in the blood causes a “need” for that molecule • Cross into cells through diffusion or through active transport ...
Figure 5-2
... b. Remove water to break bonds between monomer units. c. Add amine groups to monomer units. d. Remove carboxyl groups from monomer units. Figure 5-1 ...
... b. Remove water to break bonds between monomer units. c. Add amine groups to monomer units. d. Remove carboxyl groups from monomer units. Figure 5-1 ...
Powerpoint Notes
... Ultimately you end up with a _________________ (which can have anywhere between _____________ amino acids). Another name for a polypeptide is ____________ Every protein is different because the ________________ ___________ is different. The chains come together differently due to the order of the di ...
... Ultimately you end up with a _________________ (which can have anywhere between _____________ amino acids). Another name for a polypeptide is ____________ Every protein is different because the ________________ ___________ is different. The chains come together differently due to the order of the di ...
Goal 2 - PBworks
... Enzymes aren’t used up so they can be re-used after it has done its job. Necessary for all biochemical reactions. ...
... Enzymes aren’t used up so they can be re-used after it has done its job. Necessary for all biochemical reactions. ...
VIII. PROTEINS, continued
... • Most are ____________ made up of single units called ____________ • The different classes of macromolecules differ in the nature of their monomers, but the chemical mechanisms that cells use to make and break polymers are basically the same. ...
... • Most are ____________ made up of single units called ____________ • The different classes of macromolecules differ in the nature of their monomers, but the chemical mechanisms that cells use to make and break polymers are basically the same. ...
Outline06 Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyruvate Anaerobic metabolism - pyruvate converted to lactate via the lactic acid pathw ...
... Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyruvate Anaerobic metabolism - pyruvate converted to lactate via the lactic acid pathw ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
Carbohydrates lipids and prpoteins 3.2
... Animals tend to use carbohydrates primarily for short-term energy storage, while lipids are used more for longterm energy storage Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in animals while lipids are stored as fats (in plants carbohydrates are stored as cellulose and lipids as oils) Lipids have less effe ...
... Animals tend to use carbohydrates primarily for short-term energy storage, while lipids are used more for longterm energy storage Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in animals while lipids are stored as fats (in plants carbohydrates are stored as cellulose and lipids as oils) Lipids have less effe ...
Organic Molecules aka Macromolecules
... Trans Fats are made by hydrogenating unsaturated fats to break the double bonds ...
... Trans Fats are made by hydrogenating unsaturated fats to break the double bonds ...
Metabolic Pathways - University of California, Santa Barbara
... 4. List and describe the four stages of catabolism: ...
... 4. List and describe the four stages of catabolism: ...
4.7-4.16
... -The membranes of a lysosome keep digestive enzymes from destroying other parts of the cell ...
... -The membranes of a lysosome keep digestive enzymes from destroying other parts of the cell ...
Origin of L-Theanine in the formula LTO3
... L-Theanine is obtained by various processes of fermentation of plants in the laboratory; this is where we get the vegetable source. Now, which kinds of plants are used, that remains a fabrication secret, and there is no reason why anyone needs to return to level of protein and even less on the level ...
... L-Theanine is obtained by various processes of fermentation of plants in the laboratory; this is where we get the vegetable source. Now, which kinds of plants are used, that remains a fabrication secret, and there is no reason why anyone needs to return to level of protein and even less on the level ...
Cellular Biology I
... 3. Proteins are chains of amino acid subunits There are 20 kinds of amino acids, with the same basic structure but different side chains. The side chains are chemically varied (charge, ...
... 3. Proteins are chains of amino acid subunits There are 20 kinds of amino acids, with the same basic structure but different side chains. The side chains are chemically varied (charge, ...
Goal 2
... A G protein (green) becomes activated and makes contact with the receptor to which the hormone is attached. The G protein passes the hormone's message to the cell by switching on a cell enzyme (purple) that triggers a response. ...
... A G protein (green) becomes activated and makes contact with the receptor to which the hormone is attached. The G protein passes the hormone's message to the cell by switching on a cell enzyme (purple) that triggers a response. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 07. Cellulose is a polysaccharide present mostly in plant cell wall. 08. Molecular weight of protein is expressed in Dalton. 09. Esterification of cholesterol occurs at fourth carbon position. 10. Enzyme is temperature and substrate specific. III. Complete the following ...
... 07. Cellulose is a polysaccharide present mostly in plant cell wall. 08. Molecular weight of protein is expressed in Dalton. 09. Esterification of cholesterol occurs at fourth carbon position. 10. Enzyme is temperature and substrate specific. III. Complete the following ...
Chapter 2
... • The nucleotide consists of three parts: – phosphate group – five carbon sugar – nitrogenous base ...
... • The nucleotide consists of three parts: – phosphate group – five carbon sugar – nitrogenous base ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.