200 THINGS TO KNOW AP Biology TEST
... Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Cyanobacteria are believed to have produced the first free oxygen on earth Microtubules, Microfilaments, intermediate filaments Cytoskeleton vs cytosol Restriction enzymes Prokaryotes: 1 replication bubble Eukaryotes: many replication bubbles Heterotrophs vs autotrophs ( ch ...
... Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Cyanobacteria are believed to have produced the first free oxygen on earth Microtubules, Microfilaments, intermediate filaments Cytoskeleton vs cytosol Restriction enzymes Prokaryotes: 1 replication bubble Eukaryotes: many replication bubbles Heterotrophs vs autotrophs ( ch ...
1 1) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most
... 30) The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from _____. A) sunlight B) the movement of electrons through a series of carriers C) the flow of H+ through a membrane D) the oxidation of glucose E) the reduction of oxygen 31) Which of the following solutions has the greatest ...
... 30) The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from _____. A) sunlight B) the movement of electrons through a series of carriers C) the flow of H+ through a membrane D) the oxidation of glucose E) the reduction of oxygen 31) Which of the following solutions has the greatest ...
Biochemistry - Bonham Chemistry
... • Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid • Step 3: Formation of acetyl CoA • Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipoamide cofactor • Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor ...
... • Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid • Step 3: Formation of acetyl CoA • Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipoamide cofactor • Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor ...
Link to Unit 2.1
... function of the carbohydrates to providing and storing energy. Also, students will relate the primary function of lipids to insulating, energy storage, and cell membrane make up and relate the primary function of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) to cellular control by directing protein synthesis. Student ...
... function of the carbohydrates to providing and storing energy. Also, students will relate the primary function of lipids to insulating, energy storage, and cell membrane make up and relate the primary function of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) to cellular control by directing protein synthesis. Student ...
Biochemistry PPT - Madison County Schools
... Has polarity with an amino group one end (Nterminus) and a carboxyl group on the other (C-terminus). Has a backbone of repeating N-C-C-N-C-C Polypeptide chains range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand, and a unique linear sequence of amino acids. ...
... Has polarity with an amino group one end (Nterminus) and a carboxyl group on the other (C-terminus). Has a backbone of repeating N-C-C-N-C-C Polypeptide chains range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand, and a unique linear sequence of amino acids. ...
Lecture 3
... Which of the following mutations has the greatest effect? A. One that changes a single base in a region of non-coding DNA; B. one that changes the third letter; C. one that deletes one base in the middle of a gene? ...
... Which of the following mutations has the greatest effect? A. One that changes a single base in a region of non-coding DNA; B. one that changes the third letter; C. one that deletes one base in the middle of a gene? ...
Chapter 1 and 2 Slides
... • Nucleotides – cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine • Helps produce proteins and acts as an enzyme ...
... • Nucleotides – cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine • Helps produce proteins and acts as an enzyme ...
ch-3-bio-molecules
... Composed of mainly carbon and hydrogen Have nonpolar regions that make them insoluble in water (meaning they won’t ...
... Composed of mainly carbon and hydrogen Have nonpolar regions that make them insoluble in water (meaning they won’t ...
Chapter 5: What are the major types of organic molecules?
... denatured proteins typically cannot perform their normal biological function denaturation is generally irreversible F. enzymes are biological substances that regulate the rates of the chemical reactions in living organisms; most enzymes are proteins (covered in some detail later in this course) ...
... denatured proteins typically cannot perform their normal biological function denaturation is generally irreversible F. enzymes are biological substances that regulate the rates of the chemical reactions in living organisms; most enzymes are proteins (covered in some detail later in this course) ...
ENERGY FLOW WITHIN THE CELL (2) LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... The main part of the electron transport chain consist of four large protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane called NADH dehydrogenase , the cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome oxidase. Electron flows from NADH to oxygen through these complexes. Each complex contain several e ...
... The main part of the electron transport chain consist of four large protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane called NADH dehydrogenase , the cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome oxidase. Electron flows from NADH to oxygen through these complexes. Each complex contain several e ...
File
... o Enzyme rubisco is needed to “fix” carbon from CO2 onto molecules of RuBP (already present). o Energy for chemical reactions is obtained from ATP and NADPH. These molecules are recycled. o Each time the Calvin cycle operates one molecule of the product, G3P exits. Two molecules of G3P are needed ...
... o Enzyme rubisco is needed to “fix” carbon from CO2 onto molecules of RuBP (already present). o Energy for chemical reactions is obtained from ATP and NADPH. These molecules are recycled. o Each time the Calvin cycle operates one molecule of the product, G3P exits. Two molecules of G3P are needed ...
Name Date
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
Metabolism
... VI. Explain the structure and hydrolysis of ATP VII. Recognize how ATP works and is coupled to metabolism VIII.Recognize how ATP is regenerated ...
... VI. Explain the structure and hydrolysis of ATP VII. Recognize how ATP works and is coupled to metabolism VIII.Recognize how ATP is regenerated ...
Document
... • This is cooled and left in moulds to set and then more bacteria is added to give different flavours ...
... • This is cooled and left in moulds to set and then more bacteria is added to give different flavours ...
Study Guide for Test on Energy, Enzymes, Cell structure and
... Review the structure of a plasma membrane with attention paid to the role of proteins in the membrane Differentiate between passive and active transport Define what a concentration gradient is Describe diffusion and osmosis Differentiate between hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solutions Passive tran ...
... Review the structure of a plasma membrane with attention paid to the role of proteins in the membrane Differentiate between passive and active transport Define what a concentration gradient is Describe diffusion and osmosis Differentiate between hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solutions Passive tran ...
Review for Chapter 1
... What are the different types of lipids and how are they different? What makes up a protein and what do they look like? What bonds the parts together? What is an enzyme? What makes up a nucleic acid and what do they look like? What is a nucleotide made of? What’s the difference between DNA and RNA? W ...
... What are the different types of lipids and how are they different? What makes up a protein and what do they look like? What bonds the parts together? What is an enzyme? What makes up a nucleic acid and what do they look like? What is a nucleotide made of? What’s the difference between DNA and RNA? W ...
24.t Glycolysis
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy,however.Certain enzyrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Many o ...
... tion. Many other cells do oxidize other sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to obtain energy,however.Certain enzyrnescontained in such cells degradethesesubstancesto compounds that eventually enter catabolism through the central core of glucose metabolism. Figure 24.3 shows the entry points. Many o ...
NSC 602 - Department of Nutritional Sciences
... from Acetyl-CoA. Detail the steps of eta-oxidation of fatty acids and calculate the total number of ATP molecules that can be obtained from complete oxidation, this means all the way down to the Krebs cycle and respiratory chain. Be aware of differences in the oxidation of saturated and unsaturated ...
... from Acetyl-CoA. Detail the steps of eta-oxidation of fatty acids and calculate the total number of ATP molecules that can be obtained from complete oxidation, this means all the way down to the Krebs cycle and respiratory chain. Be aware of differences in the oxidation of saturated and unsaturated ...
Lecture 1 Course overview and intro to enzymes
... water splitting and proton gradient system I making reducing equivalents cytb6f: linking photosystems II and I water splitting complex: where those e come from Chloroplast compartments lumen of the thylakoid membrane Other light-harvesting complex bacteriorhodopsin Light independent processes Calvin ...
... water splitting and proton gradient system I making reducing equivalents cytb6f: linking photosystems II and I water splitting complex: where those e come from Chloroplast compartments lumen of the thylakoid membrane Other light-harvesting complex bacteriorhodopsin Light independent processes Calvin ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.