Organic Chemistry for Biology
... – use H2O to breakdown polymers • reverse of dehydration synthesis ...
... – use H2O to breakdown polymers • reverse of dehydration synthesis ...
Lecture 9. Treatments
... also elevated in patients with disorders of pyruvate metabolism or mitochondrial disorders. Ammonia is an end product of amino acid metabolism and is converted in the liver to urea through a series of enzymatic reactions termed the urea cycle. Elevated ammonia can therefore be detected in patients w ...
... also elevated in patients with disorders of pyruvate metabolism or mitochondrial disorders. Ammonia is an end product of amino acid metabolism and is converted in the liver to urea through a series of enzymatic reactions termed the urea cycle. Elevated ammonia can therefore be detected in patients w ...
Station A 1. Why are polar water molecules attracted to other polar
... 1. Why are polar water molecules attracted to other polar molecules? ...
... 1. Why are polar water molecules attracted to other polar molecules? ...
HRW BIO CRF Ch 05_p01-56
... In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes ...
... In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes ...
Name Date AP Biology – Metabolism and Enzymes Review When a
... c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products with more free energy than the reactants. c. is not able to ...
... c. the forward and the backward reactions have stopped. d. ΔG = 0 e. All of the above are true. 6. An endergonic reaction could be described as one that a. proceeds spontaneously with the addition of activation energy. b. produces products with more free energy than the reactants. c. is not able to ...
Amino acids
... and certain hormones Steroids are lipids with a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. ...
... and certain hormones Steroids are lipids with a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. ...
Exam 2 Key Fa08
... 1. Form of chemical reaction where electrons are removed from one molecule by another molecule. (1 pt) [redox reaction] 2. A complex of proteins that directly produces ATP by using the concentration gradient of H+. (1 pt) [ATP synthase (electron transport chain ok)] 3. Type of energy that comes from ...
... 1. Form of chemical reaction where electrons are removed from one molecule by another molecule. (1 pt) [redox reaction] 2. A complex of proteins that directly produces ATP by using the concentration gradient of H+. (1 pt) [ATP synthase (electron transport chain ok)] 3. Type of energy that comes from ...
Updated Power Point
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
Enzymes
... Adding energy to a substance makes it more reactive For different reactions different energy thresholds are needed Enzymes lower that threshold ...
... Adding energy to a substance makes it more reactive For different reactions different energy thresholds are needed Enzymes lower that threshold ...
L10v02a_-_glycolysis.stamped_doc
... kilocalories per mole. The oxidation step drives the synthesis of NADH and the formation of this high energy bond which can then be hydrolyzed to produce ATP. [00:07:03.16] So this has gone in the cytosol. The sugar has been converted down to pyruvate in the process of glycolysis. And what we'll see ...
... kilocalories per mole. The oxidation step drives the synthesis of NADH and the formation of this high energy bond which can then be hydrolyzed to produce ATP. [00:07:03.16] So this has gone in the cytosol. The sugar has been converted down to pyruvate in the process of glycolysis. And what we'll see ...
(3-D Molecules (key))
... 3-D Molecules Essential Questions: What are the molecules that make up all living things? ...
... 3-D Molecules Essential Questions: What are the molecules that make up all living things? ...
SIB Fall 2010 Exam I
... **remember NAD+ vs. NADH and FAD+ vs. FADH2 (unreduced form vs. reduced form?) glucose > fructose-1,6-bisphosphate > glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > pyruvate (What is produced/ where does this occur?) What is lactic acid (when might it build up on muscles?) Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA (what is produc ...
... **remember NAD+ vs. NADH and FAD+ vs. FADH2 (unreduced form vs. reduced form?) glucose > fructose-1,6-bisphosphate > glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > pyruvate (What is produced/ where does this occur?) What is lactic acid (when might it build up on muscles?) Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA (what is produc ...
Topic 17
... • Heterotroph (depends on other life forms) – Organic molecules – Ex. Sugars, proteins, lipids ...
... • Heterotroph (depends on other life forms) – Organic molecules – Ex. Sugars, proteins, lipids ...
Solutions to 7.014 Quiz I
... i) What is the main overall product of the dark reactions of photosynthesis? The overall reaction of photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2OÆC6H12O6(glucose) +6O2, and the main product is glucose. All enzymatic reactions, including those in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, are reversible. You decide to study whe ...
... i) What is the main overall product of the dark reactions of photosynthesis? The overall reaction of photosynthesis is 6CO2+6H2OÆC6H12O6(glucose) +6O2, and the main product is glucose. All enzymatic reactions, including those in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, are reversible. You decide to study whe ...
Unit 2 Test Review
... 16. Which molecule is the most abundant in the human body? water 17. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each enzyme — ...
... 16. Which molecule is the most abundant in the human body? water 17. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each enzyme — ...
Document
... Fates of Pyruvate Under aerobic conditions In most aerobic organisms, pyruvate continues in the formation of Acetyl CoA and NADH that follows into the Krebs cycle and ...
... Fates of Pyruvate Under aerobic conditions In most aerobic organisms, pyruvate continues in the formation of Acetyl CoA and NADH that follows into the Krebs cycle and ...
Photosynthesis
... These electrons are passed along an electron transport chain to power ATP synthase. One by-product is O2 ...
... These electrons are passed along an electron transport chain to power ATP synthase. One by-product is O2 ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.