Living Cells Notes
... 4. The substrate is the substance on which the enzyme acts e.g. starch is the substrate for amylase. 5. Each enzyme only acts on one substrate, thus enzymes are therefore termed “specific” e.g. the enzyme amylase is specific to the substrate starch. 6. The shape of the enzyme is complementary to the ...
... 4. The substrate is the substance on which the enzyme acts e.g. starch is the substrate for amylase. 5. Each enzyme only acts on one substrate, thus enzymes are therefore termed “specific” e.g. the enzyme amylase is specific to the substrate starch. 6. The shape of the enzyme is complementary to the ...
Cellular respiration guided notes completed
... All the chemical processes that take place in cells make up the cell’s metabolism…cellular respiration is one type of chemical process ...
... All the chemical processes that take place in cells make up the cell’s metabolism…cellular respiration is one type of chemical process ...
Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
... But relative to complete oxidation of glucose: glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔGo’ = -2840 kJ/mol glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 is 61/2840 = 2.1% glucose → 2 lactate: lactate from muscles recycled in the liver Control of the rate of glycolysis Note ATP inhibition, glycogen storage at rest; AMP, FBP s ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM OBJECTIVES: 1. Compare
... The function of DNA is to control all cellular activities. The inherited DNA code instructs cells how to synthesize specific protein molecules (remember extreme importance of enzymes in controlling metabolic processes!). The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making ...
... The function of DNA is to control all cellular activities. The inherited DNA code instructs cells how to synthesize specific protein molecules (remember extreme importance of enzymes in controlling metabolic processes!). The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies
... fatty acids enter the liver cell in low concentrations and are nearly all esterified to acylglycerols and transported out as VLDL. Starvation: Free fatty acid concentration increases with starvation, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited and malonyl-CoA decreases releasing the inhibition of CPT-I and ...
... fatty acids enter the liver cell in low concentrations and are nearly all esterified to acylglycerols and transported out as VLDL. Starvation: Free fatty acid concentration increases with starvation, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited and malonyl-CoA decreases releasing the inhibition of CPT-I and ...
Document
... Amino Acids (cont’d.) • The repeating sequence of atoms along a proteins is referred to as the polypeptide backbone. Attached to this repetitive chain are the different amino acid side chains (R-groups) which are not involved in the peptide bond but which give each amino acid ...
... Amino Acids (cont’d.) • The repeating sequence of atoms along a proteins is referred to as the polypeptide backbone. Attached to this repetitive chain are the different amino acid side chains (R-groups) which are not involved in the peptide bond but which give each amino acid ...
Which of the following is a coenzyme associated with cellular
... When a phosphate is transferred from a highenergy molecule containing a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP it's referred to as _____. A. photophosphorylation ___ B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation ...
... When a phosphate is transferred from a highenergy molecule containing a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP it's referred to as _____. A. photophosphorylation ___ B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation ...
EXAM 2 Lecture 15 1. What are cofactors? A: They are small organic
... A: Oxidation-reduction reactions involving one- and two-electron transfer; prosthetic group; Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 17. What is FMN/FAD biggest role in the body? A: Electron transport in mitochondria to drive ATP production 18. What is Coenzyme A (CoA) major metabolic role? Mechanistic role? Vitami ...
... A: Oxidation-reduction reactions involving one- and two-electron transfer; prosthetic group; Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 17. What is FMN/FAD biggest role in the body? A: Electron transport in mitochondria to drive ATP production 18. What is Coenzyme A (CoA) major metabolic role? Mechanistic role? Vitami ...
Big Idea 4 Greco 2015
... nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide has structural components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine or uracil). DNA and RNA differ in function and differ slightly in structure, and these structural differences account for ...
... nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide has structural components: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate and a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine or uracil). DNA and RNA differ in function and differ slightly in structure, and these structural differences account for ...
BHS 150.1 – Biochemistry II Date: 2/1/2013, 2sndhalf Notetaker: Kim
... when it runs out of glycogen, it starts gluconeogenesis using lactate from RBCs, glycerol from fatty acid breakdown, and amino acids from muscles ...
... when it runs out of glycogen, it starts gluconeogenesis using lactate from RBCs, glycerol from fatty acid breakdown, and amino acids from muscles ...
20121016083538
... fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids ...
... fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids ...
Thursday, September 4 Bell Work: Predict the outcome of slight
... Figure 5.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase-breaks down alcohol in the body. ...
... Figure 5.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase-breaks down alcohol in the body. ...
Chapter 8 - canesbio
... B. Takes place in thylakoids C. Uses light to split water for H; releases O2 gas and makes high energy electrons & ATP D. Light strikes thylakoid; electrons excited; go to the ETC form NADPH and ATP, respectively. E. Lost electrons are replaced by Hydrolysis (aka photolysis (splitting of water) ...
... B. Takes place in thylakoids C. Uses light to split water for H; releases O2 gas and makes high energy electrons & ATP D. Light strikes thylakoid; electrons excited; go to the ETC form NADPH and ATP, respectively. E. Lost electrons are replaced by Hydrolysis (aka photolysis (splitting of water) ...
IB BIO II Cell Respiration Van Roekel Cell Respiration Review
... reduced to provide energy for chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation. 2. What molecules are electron carriers? NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that donate their electrons from glycolysis, the link reaction, and the Krebs Cycle to protein carriers in the electron transport chain. 3. What is ...
... reduced to provide energy for chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation. 2. What molecules are electron carriers? NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that donate their electrons from glycolysis, the link reaction, and the Krebs Cycle to protein carriers in the electron transport chain. 3. What is ...
Dr Azis Ariffin and Dr Nora. UPM.
... (C18:3, linolenic acid) fatty acids which are necessary but cannot be synthesized by the body. Some plants have oils with exceptionally high content of essential fatty acids. Plant oil rich in essential acids may not have the aromatic compound or “essence” to classify as essential oil. ...
... (C18:3, linolenic acid) fatty acids which are necessary but cannot be synthesized by the body. Some plants have oils with exceptionally high content of essential fatty acids. Plant oil rich in essential acids may not have the aromatic compound or “essence” to classify as essential oil. ...
Chapter 7
... acetyls get made. There will be a backup, basically not enough TCA enzymes and oxaloacetates are available to accept the acetyls. So, cells have a way of sharing their excess energy with other cells: the acetyls are converted to other 2-C substances called ketone bodies. Ketone bodies can leave the ...
... acetyls get made. There will be a backup, basically not enough TCA enzymes and oxaloacetates are available to accept the acetyls. So, cells have a way of sharing their excess energy with other cells: the acetyls are converted to other 2-C substances called ketone bodies. Ketone bodies can leave the ...
pptx
... Globular proteins have hydrophobic groups inside and hydrophilic groups on the surface aa side chains: green=hydrophilic; orange=hydrophobic ...
... Globular proteins have hydrophobic groups inside and hydrophilic groups on the surface aa side chains: green=hydrophilic; orange=hydrophobic ...
Final Review Guide
... endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. 4) For each of the phases of cellular respiration listed below, list where it occurs, the starting and ending materials, and the net energy gains (NADH, FADH2, ATP, etc.) glycolysis precursor to Krebs cycle (pyruvate to acety ...
... endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. 4) For each of the phases of cellular respiration listed below, list where it occurs, the starting and ending materials, and the net energy gains (NADH, FADH2, ATP, etc.) glycolysis precursor to Krebs cycle (pyruvate to acety ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis Chapter 28, Stryer Short Course
... receptors in non-liver cells • HDLs are “good cholesterol” ...
... receptors in non-liver cells • HDLs are “good cholesterol” ...
High carbohydrate diet : which reduces gluconeogenesis by
... It is a precursor of milk sugar (lactose) for lactating mammary gland. It serves as only fuel for skeletal muscles in anaerobic conditions. ...
... It is a precursor of milk sugar (lactose) for lactating mammary gland. It serves as only fuel for skeletal muscles in anaerobic conditions. ...
Chapter_02_4E - Ironbark (xtelco)
... producing hydrogen ions which are recombined with oxygen to produce water 2. Electrons produced from the split of NADH and FADH provide the energy for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP 3. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 37-39 molecules of ATP ...
... producing hydrogen ions which are recombined with oxygen to produce water 2. Electrons produced from the split of NADH and FADH provide the energy for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP 3. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 37-39 molecules of ATP ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.