Slide 1
... a direct link between solar energy and the chemical energy of living systems The name carbohydrate arises from the basic molecular formula (CH2O)n, which can be rewritten (C.H2O)n to show that these substances are hydrates of carbon, where n=3 or more Carbohydrates constitute a versatile class of mo ...
... a direct link between solar energy and the chemical energy of living systems The name carbohydrate arises from the basic molecular formula (CH2O)n, which can be rewritten (C.H2O)n to show that these substances are hydrates of carbon, where n=3 or more Carbohydrates constitute a versatile class of mo ...
Chapter 9 Lecture Notes
... Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP, but the same molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP under anaerobic respiration. Some organisms (facultative anaerobes), including yeast and many bacteria, can survive using either fermentation or respiration. At a cellular level, human ...
... Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP, but the same molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP under anaerobic respiration. Some organisms (facultative anaerobes), including yeast and many bacteria, can survive using either fermentation or respiration. At a cellular level, human ...
a source of carbon , essential amino acids , essential fatty acids
... flagellates convert to acetic acid and the acetic acid is used by the termite instead of glucose. In termites, the protozoa are lost when the intima of the hindgut is molted but proctodeal feeding (feeding on wood bits and flagellates in the feces) re-infects the termite. In Cryptocercus glucose is ...
... flagellates convert to acetic acid and the acetic acid is used by the termite instead of glucose. In termites, the protozoa are lost when the intima of the hindgut is molted but proctodeal feeding (feeding on wood bits and flagellates in the feces) re-infects the termite. In Cryptocercus glucose is ...
Chemical reactions of amino acids:
... This reaction favors peptide bond hydrolysis, so to synthesis peptide bond, the COOH group must be first activated. Chemically this done by conversion to an acid chloride. Biologically done by condensation with ATP forming an amino acyladenlate. There are different reactions for detections ami ...
... This reaction favors peptide bond hydrolysis, so to synthesis peptide bond, the COOH group must be first activated. Chemically this done by conversion to an acid chloride. Biologically done by condensation with ATP forming an amino acyladenlate. There are different reactions for detections ami ...
Overview of Absorptive/Post-Absorptive States
... alpha cells of the pancreatic islets) and epinephrine, thus beginning the post-‐absorptive state (step “1” in Figure 2). After about four hours of liver glycogenolysis, liver stores start to become deple ...
... alpha cells of the pancreatic islets) and epinephrine, thus beginning the post-‐absorptive state (step “1” in Figure 2). After about four hours of liver glycogenolysis, liver stores start to become deple ...
Oxidative phosphorylation.
... Energy released from this exergonic process is used to reduce coenzymes (NAD+ and FAD) and to phosphorylate ADP (substrate – level phosphorylation). The Krebs cycle has eight enzyme – controlled steps. the first step: the last step: ...
... Energy released from this exergonic process is used to reduce coenzymes (NAD+ and FAD) and to phosphorylate ADP (substrate – level phosphorylation). The Krebs cycle has eight enzyme – controlled steps. the first step: the last step: ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY B.Sc. Semester III
... Unit III : Replication and Transcription in Prokaryotes a. Replication- Enzymology of replication DNA polymerase I, brief account of pol II and III, helicases, topoisomerases, single strand binding proteins, primase action b. Proof for semiconservative replication, Okazaki fragments, c. Replication ...
... Unit III : Replication and Transcription in Prokaryotes a. Replication- Enzymology of replication DNA polymerase I, brief account of pol II and III, helicases, topoisomerases, single strand binding proteins, primase action b. Proof for semiconservative replication, Okazaki fragments, c. Replication ...
Lecture 1 - Temple University
... halobium. This transport protein uses the energy of absorbed light to pump protons (H+ ions) out of the cell. The polypeptide chain threads to and fro across the membrane; in several regions it is twisted into a helical conformation, and the helical segments are arranged to form the walls of a chann ...
... halobium. This transport protein uses the energy of absorbed light to pump protons (H+ ions) out of the cell. The polypeptide chain threads to and fro across the membrane; in several regions it is twisted into a helical conformation, and the helical segments are arranged to form the walls of a chann ...
Section 2.3 Carbon
... 1. Starch – glucose storage in plants (bread, taters) 2. Glycogen – glucose storage in animals 3. Cellulose – forms plant cell walls 4. Chitin – forms insect exoskeletons and fungus cell walls ...
... 1. Starch – glucose storage in plants (bread, taters) 2. Glycogen – glucose storage in animals 3. Cellulose – forms plant cell walls 4. Chitin – forms insect exoskeletons and fungus cell walls ...
Nadine Noelting
... superfamily. This is roughly located between amino acids 120 and 420. The mutations associated with my gene are found in this conserved domain. The family consists of nonheme, iron (II)- dependent enzymes, including phenylalanine hydroxylase, eukaryotic tyrosine hydroxylase, and eukaryotic tryptopha ...
... superfamily. This is roughly located between amino acids 120 and 420. The mutations associated with my gene are found in this conserved domain. The family consists of nonheme, iron (II)- dependent enzymes, including phenylalanine hydroxylase, eukaryotic tyrosine hydroxylase, and eukaryotic tryptopha ...
Respiration - World of Teaching
... 1 Which type of energy does food contain? 2 What is this energy converted to by other organisms? Give at least 3 examples. (i) (ii) (iii) 3 What name is given to the process by which organisms release energy? 4 What kind of energy is always released in respiration? ...
... 1 Which type of energy does food contain? 2 What is this energy converted to by other organisms? Give at least 3 examples. (i) (ii) (iii) 3 What name is given to the process by which organisms release energy? 4 What kind of energy is always released in respiration? ...
17_Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and Krebs cycle
... membrane, transports pyruvate from the intermembrane space into the matrix in symport with H+ and exchange (antiport) for ...
... membrane, transports pyruvate from the intermembrane space into the matrix in symport with H+ and exchange (antiport) for ...
Biology 123 SI-Dr. Raut`s Class Session 10
... 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First of all, pyruvate is in the cytoplasm and needs to be moved into the mitochondria. Since pyruvate has a negative charge, the mitochondria’s membrane does not want to le ...
... 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First of all, pyruvate is in the cytoplasm and needs to be moved into the mitochondria. Since pyruvate has a negative charge, the mitochondria’s membrane does not want to le ...
enzymes - MrsGorukhomework
... Demo – scissors used to cut paper, stapler used to put together, both not changed Metabolism – (Greek for change) all chemical processes Enzymes are globular protein catalysts. Catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or used up themselves. Reactions require bonds th ...
... Demo – scissors used to cut paper, stapler used to put together, both not changed Metabolism – (Greek for change) all chemical processes Enzymes are globular protein catalysts. Catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or used up themselves. Reactions require bonds th ...
Glycoengineering For Therapeutic Proteins
... retaining the folding-enhancing functions of N-glycans and avoiding the extensive heterogeneity introduced through mammalian Golgi N-glycan processing GlycoDelete engineering alters the characteristics of antibodies when the therapeutic goal is antigen neutralization with no need for additional effe ...
... retaining the folding-enhancing functions of N-glycans and avoiding the extensive heterogeneity introduced through mammalian Golgi N-glycan processing GlycoDelete engineering alters the characteristics of antibodies when the therapeutic goal is antigen neutralization with no need for additional effe ...
www.d3technologies.co.uk
... understand how the elemental blocks are assembled in living organisms and how they modify under certain conditions such as diseases or new drugs. Proteins, which carry out the body's life functions, are composed of amino acid molecules, which are strung together in long chains. These chains loop abo ...
... understand how the elemental blocks are assembled in living organisms and how they modify under certain conditions such as diseases or new drugs. Proteins, which carry out the body's life functions, are composed of amino acid molecules, which are strung together in long chains. These chains loop abo ...
respiration 6
... 1 Which type of energy does food contain? 2 What is this energy converted to by other organisms? Give at least 3 examples. (i) (ii) (iii) 3 What name is given to the process by which organisms release energy? 4 What kind of energy is always released in respiration? ...
... 1 Which type of energy does food contain? 2 What is this energy converted to by other organisms? Give at least 3 examples. (i) (ii) (iii) 3 What name is given to the process by which organisms release energy? 4 What kind of energy is always released in respiration? ...
A3.3.1ActionMolecules
... They include thousands of different substances which can be classified into five basic types: structural, regulatory, immunological, transport and catalytic. In this activity, you will focus on the action or catalytic proteins; these proteins, called enzymes, act as catalysts to facilitate chemical ...
... They include thousands of different substances which can be classified into five basic types: structural, regulatory, immunological, transport and catalytic. In this activity, you will focus on the action or catalytic proteins; these proteins, called enzymes, act as catalysts to facilitate chemical ...
Review Packet 2
... A sample (X) of green algae was exposed to light continuously for 10 minutes. A similar sample (Y) was exposed to light of the same intensity for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of darkness. This continued for a total of 20 minutes. Both samples photosynthesized, but more photosynthesis occurred ...
... A sample (X) of green algae was exposed to light continuously for 10 minutes. A similar sample (Y) was exposed to light of the same intensity for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of darkness. This continued for a total of 20 minutes. Both samples photosynthesized, but more photosynthesis occurred ...
Chapter 2 Chemistry comes alive
... Valence shell – outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons Octet rule – except for the first shell which is full with two electrons, atoms interact in a manner to have eight electrons in their valence shell ...
... Valence shell – outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons Octet rule – except for the first shell which is full with two electrons, atoms interact in a manner to have eight electrons in their valence shell ...
AP Biology Review - Blue Valley Schools
... • DO use your ten minute reading time advantageously. Carefully read all of free response questions and map out your answers. These maps will NOT be graded, but you can use them to write your responses. o Read the prompt thoroughly, then read the prompt again, then read the prompt, then read the pro ...
... • DO use your ten minute reading time advantageously. Carefully read all of free response questions and map out your answers. These maps will NOT be graded, but you can use them to write your responses. o Read the prompt thoroughly, then read the prompt again, then read the prompt, then read the pro ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.