Metabolic targets for cancer therapy
... Several chemotherapeutics de facto operate as metabolic inhibitors. These chemicals, which are collectively referred to as 'antimetabolites', include (but are not limited to) inhibitors of: folate metabolism, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed; thymidine synthesis, such as 5-fluorouracil; deoxynucl ...
... Several chemotherapeutics de facto operate as metabolic inhibitors. These chemicals, which are collectively referred to as 'antimetabolites', include (but are not limited to) inhibitors of: folate metabolism, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed; thymidine synthesis, such as 5-fluorouracil; deoxynucl ...
PreAP Lesson Plan 8/25-8/29
... 8/27- 9A(R): SWBAT compare the 8/28 structure and functions of different types of biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ...
... 8/27- 9A(R): SWBAT compare the 8/28 structure and functions of different types of biomolecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ...
Hydrolytic Enzymes
... Hydrolytic enzymes are normally associated with degradative reactions, e.g., ◦ conversion of starch to sugar, ◦ proteins to polypeptides and amino acids, ◦ and lipids to their constituent glycerols, fatty acids and phosphate bases ...
... Hydrolytic enzymes are normally associated with degradative reactions, e.g., ◦ conversion of starch to sugar, ◦ proteins to polypeptides and amino acids, ◦ and lipids to their constituent glycerols, fatty acids and phosphate bases ...
Cell Biology Lecture Notes
... On the extracellular surface of the cells Inward toward the lumen of the compartment Covalent linkage to proteins and lipids Glycoproteins and proteoglycans ...
... On the extracellular surface of the cells Inward toward the lumen of the compartment Covalent linkage to proteins and lipids Glycoproteins and proteoglycans ...
File
... Glycolysis to collect more hydrogen. • FADH binds to complex II, succinate dehydrogenase rather than complex I NADH dehydrogenase, to release its hydrogen. • The electrons are passed down the chain of proteins complexes from I to IV, each complex binding electrons more tightly than the previous one. ...
... Glycolysis to collect more hydrogen. • FADH binds to complex II, succinate dehydrogenase rather than complex I NADH dehydrogenase, to release its hydrogen. • The electrons are passed down the chain of proteins complexes from I to IV, each complex binding electrons more tightly than the previous one. ...
Notes CH 7 - Haiku Learning
... C. Link Reaction 1. If oxygen is present after glycolysis, the pyruvate enters the matrix of the mitochondria by active transport 2. Pyruvate is decarboxylated: removal of a carbon atom to form carbon dioxide and 2-C acetyl group ...
... C. Link Reaction 1. If oxygen is present after glycolysis, the pyruvate enters the matrix of the mitochondria by active transport 2. Pyruvate is decarboxylated: removal of a carbon atom to form carbon dioxide and 2-C acetyl group ...
LB Fat metabolism A
... Thus, unlike carbohydrates and protein, most lipids do not use the enterohepatic circulatory system. This allows lipids to be cleared by the whole body and avoids overwhelming the liver with lipid. ...
... Thus, unlike carbohydrates and protein, most lipids do not use the enterohepatic circulatory system. This allows lipids to be cleared by the whole body and avoids overwhelming the liver with lipid. ...
respiration in plants
... takes place in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria (also only in eukaryotes). The breaking of the C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called respiration. The compounds that are oxidised during this process are kn ...
... takes place in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria (also only in eukaryotes). The breaking of the C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called respiration. The compounds that are oxidised during this process are kn ...
No Slide Title
... 4) Reaction 2: Citric acid loses water to form aconitate. 5) Reaction 3: Aconitate picks up water and is twisted to form isocitrate. 6) Reaction 4: Isocitrate and NAD+ react to form the energy carrier and oxalosuccinate. 7) Reaction 5: Oxalosuccinate loses a molecule of CO2, forming ketoglutarate. 8 ...
... 4) Reaction 2: Citric acid loses water to form aconitate. 5) Reaction 3: Aconitate picks up water and is twisted to form isocitrate. 6) Reaction 4: Isocitrate and NAD+ react to form the energy carrier and oxalosuccinate. 7) Reaction 5: Oxalosuccinate loses a molecule of CO2, forming ketoglutarate. 8 ...
Nitrogen Metabolism Overview
... – No need for glutamate synthase – Glutamine synthetase used for different purpose: to “mop up” ammonia ...
... – No need for glutamate synthase – Glutamine synthetase used for different purpose: to “mop up” ammonia ...
GZMB- Kolloquium - Georg-August
... How does a major fungal pathogen adapt to its human host? - combining experimentation and modelling to understand stress and nutrient adaptation in Candida albicans. ...
... How does a major fungal pathogen adapt to its human host? - combining experimentation and modelling to understand stress and nutrient adaptation in Candida albicans. ...
Cell Structure
... • Chemical reactions occur spontaneously if it increases entropy in the universe • Standard for spontaneity -> free energy • Free energy= amount of energy available to do work following chemical reactions ...
... • Chemical reactions occur spontaneously if it increases entropy in the universe • Standard for spontaneity -> free energy • Free energy= amount of energy available to do work following chemical reactions ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034 Dept. No
... 6. The first stable compound produced in Calvin cycle is 3-phosphoglyceric Acid. 7. Photorespiration is called C3 Cycle. 8. Auxins are used as weed killers. 9. Vernalization shortens the vegetative period of the plants. 10. Seeds, that, wait for suitable environmental condition to germinate are said ...
... 6. The first stable compound produced in Calvin cycle is 3-phosphoglyceric Acid. 7. Photorespiration is called C3 Cycle. 8. Auxins are used as weed killers. 9. Vernalization shortens the vegetative period of the plants. 10. Seeds, that, wait for suitable environmental condition to germinate are said ...
Energy in the Cell
... Cells oxidize glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. The cell removes electrons from glucose (in a series of steps), which converts it to carbon dioxide. The energy stored in the electrons is used to make ATP. Finally, the electrons are given to oxygen molecules, converting them to water. By pass ...
... Cells oxidize glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. The cell removes electrons from glucose (in a series of steps), which converts it to carbon dioxide. The energy stored in the electrons is used to make ATP. Finally, the electrons are given to oxygen molecules, converting them to water. By pass ...
video slide - Human Anatomy
... There are 4 types of Biological Macromolecules Carbohydrates like sugar, starch, chiton, cellulose, potatoes and candy! Lipids like fat, butter, cream and olive oil (all other oils as well including motor oil) Proteins like steak, collagen (jello), hair and the machinery that runs your cellular met ...
... There are 4 types of Biological Macromolecules Carbohydrates like sugar, starch, chiton, cellulose, potatoes and candy! Lipids like fat, butter, cream and olive oil (all other oils as well including motor oil) Proteins like steak, collagen (jello), hair and the machinery that runs your cellular met ...
Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative phosphorylation and Pentose
... a. Part of the electrochemical gradient generated by Electron transport chain complexes is used for transporting metabolites in and out of mitochondria. b. A small amount of H+ leak back into mitochondria. 21. How many moles of ATP will be generated from one mole of sucrose in the subject taking DN ...
... a. Part of the electrochemical gradient generated by Electron transport chain complexes is used for transporting metabolites in and out of mitochondria. b. A small amount of H+ leak back into mitochondria. 21. How many moles of ATP will be generated from one mole of sucrose in the subject taking DN ...
Cellular Metabolism
... Proteins digested in the gut into amino acids which are then absorbed into blood and extracellular fluid. ...
... Proteins digested in the gut into amino acids which are then absorbed into blood and extracellular fluid. ...
citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
chapt 6
... Some organisms do not have the enzymes for Kreb’s cycle or the electron transport system. Some organisms can metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen. Metabolizing glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. ...
... Some organisms do not have the enzymes for Kreb’s cycle or the electron transport system. Some organisms can metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen. Metabolizing glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.