08_DetailLectOut
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
Biomolecules Jeopardy #1
... Proteins that help chemical reactions happen faster in living things are called ...
... Proteins that help chemical reactions happen faster in living things are called ...
Chap 8 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
Document
... Enzymes: proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. • by bringing the reactive atoms together in the optimal geometry for the reaction. • lowering the activation energy (G‡) by stabilizing the transition state and/or high energy intermediate. • many enzymes use the functional groups of the amin ...
... Enzymes: proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. • by bringing the reactive atoms together in the optimal geometry for the reaction. • lowering the activation energy (G‡) by stabilizing the transition state and/or high energy intermediate. • many enzymes use the functional groups of the amin ...
Lecture outline handouts
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... Describe how a H+ pumping mechanism is coupled to a proton-driven ATP synthase. State how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in the glycolytic pathway and in the whole respiratory pathway. Describe where in the respiratory pathway CO2 is released, and where O2 is consumed. ...
... Describe how a H+ pumping mechanism is coupled to a proton-driven ATP synthase. State how many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in the glycolytic pathway and in the whole respiratory pathway. Describe where in the respiratory pathway CO2 is released, and where O2 is consumed. ...
投影片 1
... undertake only those few investigations that are able to diagnose treatable IEM. • To obtain help from specialized centers. ...
... undertake only those few investigations that are able to diagnose treatable IEM. • To obtain help from specialized centers. ...
Class Notes
... If cellular respiration releases 686 kcal/mol, then photosynthesis, the reverse reaction, must require an equivalent investment of energy. ○ For the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to sugar, G = +686 kcal/mol. ○ Photosynthesis is strongly endergonic, powered by the absorption of light energy. ...
... If cellular respiration releases 686 kcal/mol, then photosynthesis, the reverse reaction, must require an equivalent investment of energy. ○ For the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to sugar, G = +686 kcal/mol. ○ Photosynthesis is strongly endergonic, powered by the absorption of light energy. ...
An Introduction to Metabolism
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
... The release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the phosphate bonds themselves. Why does the hydrolysis of ATP yield so much energy? o Each of the three phosphate groups has a negative charge. o These three like charges are ...
an eGOcentric view of tOrC1 signaling
... late endosomal and/or lysosomal compartment.7 Whether the Rag proteins, as implied by this model, co-localize with mTORC1 throughout this dynamic, amino-acid controlled process remains to be addressed. Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes single orthologs of metazoan RagA/B and RagC/D, Gtr1 and Gtr2, re ...
... late endosomal and/or lysosomal compartment.7 Whether the Rag proteins, as implied by this model, co-localize with mTORC1 throughout this dynamic, amino-acid controlled process remains to be addressed. Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes single orthologs of metazoan RagA/B and RagC/D, Gtr1 and Gtr2, re ...
Chapter 3 - Slothnet
... have opposing chemical properties. When the carboxyl group ionizes it forms COO– and is strongly hydrophilic; the other end is ...
... have opposing chemical properties. When the carboxyl group ionizes it forms COO– and is strongly hydrophilic; the other end is ...
Cellular Respiration
... The word respiration means “breathing,” but cellular respiration is different from breathing. Cellular respiration is a chemical process that happens in cells. In prokaryotic cells, cellular respiration happens in the cell membrane. In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration takes place mostly in the ...
... The word respiration means “breathing,” but cellular respiration is different from breathing. Cellular respiration is a chemical process that happens in cells. In prokaryotic cells, cellular respiration happens in the cell membrane. In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration takes place mostly in the ...
Chapter 8 (Nov 23-24)
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
NAD - wwphs
... Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
... Acetyl CoA enters mitochondria matrix and reacts with oxaloacetate Citrate (aka citric acid cycle) A series of reactions will yield oxaloacetate again (aka cycle) Each pyruvate makes 3 NADH, 1FADH2, 1ATP, 2 CO2 How many per glucose? ...
Lecture_10
... 5. Conversely, the addition of a fatty acid to an α-amino group or a cysteine sulfhydryl group produces a more hydrophobic protein. 6. Epinephrine (adrenaline) signaling alter the activities of enzymes by stimulating the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl amino acids serine and threonine, producing pho ...
... 5. Conversely, the addition of a fatty acid to an α-amino group or a cysteine sulfhydryl group produces a more hydrophobic protein. 6. Epinephrine (adrenaline) signaling alter the activities of enzymes by stimulating the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl amino acids serine and threonine, producing pho ...
Part 4
... amino acids that has biological activity. • Each protein in our cells has a unique sequence of amino acids that determines its 3-D structural and biological function. • The primary structure of a protein is the particular sequence of the amino acid held together by peptide bonds.. ...
... amino acids that has biological activity. • Each protein in our cells has a unique sequence of amino acids that determines its 3-D structural and biological function. • The primary structure of a protein is the particular sequence of the amino acid held together by peptide bonds.. ...
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body
... Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body Fatty acids are the basic building blocks of which fats and oils are composed. Contrary to popular myth, the body does need fat. It must be the right kind, however. The fatty acids that are necessary for health and that cannot be made by the body are ...
... Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body Fatty acids are the basic building blocks of which fats and oils are composed. Contrary to popular myth, the body does need fat. It must be the right kind, however. The fatty acids that are necessary for health and that cannot be made by the body are ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. ° One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ° Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
biology-1-study
... acids and bases, acidic and basic solutions understand structural formula notation Chapter 3 carbon based molecules – organic compounds functional groups – know names, be able to recognize structures and whether a functional group is polar or nonpolar, hydrophilic or hydrophobic definitions – macrom ...
... acids and bases, acidic and basic solutions understand structural formula notation Chapter 3 carbon based molecules – organic compounds functional groups – know names, be able to recognize structures and whether a functional group is polar or nonpolar, hydrophilic or hydrophobic definitions – macrom ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... from the chemical bonds and used for “phosphorylation” of ATP. • Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule…. By adding a phosphate ADP it becomes ATP. • The respiration reactions are controlled by ...
... from the chemical bonds and used for “phosphorylation” of ATP. • Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule…. By adding a phosphate ADP it becomes ATP. • The respiration reactions are controlled by ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
... one molecule of glucose. 1. Phosphorylation and the redox reactions are not directly coupled to each other, so the ratio of number of NADH to number of ATP is not a whole number. One NADH results in 10 H+ being transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between 3 and 4 H+ must reenter ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... Know the components of the plasma membrane, its structure and function. Know the difference between diffusion, osmosis, active and passive transport - which do or do not require energy. Know what isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions are and their affects on cells. Know how large molecules mo ...
... Know the components of the plasma membrane, its structure and function. Know the difference between diffusion, osmosis, active and passive transport - which do or do not require energy. Know what isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions are and their affects on cells. Know how large molecules mo ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.