Specific Reactions Quiz.wpd
... a) various carbon products created due to lack of oxygen including solid carbon (black component) b) as air contacts the random carbon products (smaller hydrocarbons) created, they may further combust c) since energy is still tied up in carbon product bonds, energy is not released all at once d) the ...
... a) various carbon products created due to lack of oxygen including solid carbon (black component) b) as air contacts the random carbon products (smaller hydrocarbons) created, they may further combust c) since energy is still tied up in carbon product bonds, energy is not released all at once d) the ...
Document
... NADH produced by glycolysis in skeletal muscle fibers leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP molecules. Why? a. different systems b. different pH c. different intermediaries d. more efficient ...
... NADH produced by glycolysis in skeletal muscle fibers leads to production of two ATP molecules in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of three ATP molecules. Why? a. different systems b. different pH c. different intermediaries d. more efficient ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... While the conformational entropy (# of possible arrangements) of the lipid is decreased by sequestering it, the overall system entropy increases due to the dramatically increased number of ways that the HOH molecules can be arranged. ...
... While the conformational entropy (# of possible arrangements) of the lipid is decreased by sequestering it, the overall system entropy increases due to the dramatically increased number of ways that the HOH molecules can be arranged. ...
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
... hydrocarbon side chains have pI = 5.0 to 6.5 (average of the pKa’s) D and E have acidic side chains and a lower pI H, R, K have basic side chains and higher pI ...
... hydrocarbon side chains have pI = 5.0 to 6.5 (average of the pKa’s) D and E have acidic side chains and a lower pI H, R, K have basic side chains and higher pI ...
Cellular Respiration
... The first phase requires the addition of 2 ATP molecules to start the reaction The second phase yields 4 ATP and 2 NADH. The net yield of glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH ...
... The first phase requires the addition of 2 ATP molecules to start the reaction The second phase yields 4 ATP and 2 NADH. The net yield of glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH ...
File
... A biologist prepares an in vitro analysis of the activity of the enzyme amylase, which promotes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to monosaccharide residues. Three flasks containing 5 milliliters of 4 percent amylose (starch) in water are prepared with the addition at time zero of each of the substa ...
... A biologist prepares an in vitro analysis of the activity of the enzyme amylase, which promotes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides to monosaccharide residues. Three flasks containing 5 milliliters of 4 percent amylose (starch) in water are prepared with the addition at time zero of each of the substa ...
Final Exam (5/15/14)
... 4. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a rea ...
... 4. Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a rea ...
Hormones of the Gut
... 1. Stimulates Acid Secretion by Gastric Mucosa a) May be due to stimulation of histamine release by neighboring cells (paracrine) ...
... 1. Stimulates Acid Secretion by Gastric Mucosa a) May be due to stimulation of histamine release by neighboring cells (paracrine) ...
檔案下載
... kerbs cycle克氏循環 : Sir Hans Krebs, who first investigated the pathway (1953 Nobel Prize) ...
... kerbs cycle克氏循環 : Sir Hans Krebs, who first investigated the pathway (1953 Nobel Prize) ...
Composition of Muscle
... The Fourth Kind of Lipids • Cholesterol - that much maligned, essential dietary component. • Required for hormone function and cell wall integrity. • About 20% of body needs is consumed whereas, 80% is manufactured. • If we don’t eat enough, our bodies manufacture more. • Contrary to popular belief ...
... The Fourth Kind of Lipids • Cholesterol - that much maligned, essential dietary component. • Required for hormone function and cell wall integrity. • About 20% of body needs is consumed whereas, 80% is manufactured. • If we don’t eat enough, our bodies manufacture more. • Contrary to popular belief ...
Structures of Proteins Primary structure
... Hydrogen bonds - Chemical bonding between positively charged hydrogens and negatively charged atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Ionic bonds - These interactions occur between positively and negatively charged particles deep within the hemoglobin away from water. Covalent bonds between the ...
... Hydrogen bonds - Chemical bonding between positively charged hydrogens and negatively charged atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Ionic bonds - These interactions occur between positively and negatively charged particles deep within the hemoglobin away from water. Covalent bonds between the ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... and is converted to hexoses (glucose and fructose). When glucose accumulates, it is linked to form starch, a storage carbohydrate. ...
... and is converted to hexoses (glucose and fructose). When glucose accumulates, it is linked to form starch, a storage carbohydrate. ...
Energy Systems
... Anaerobic so do not need to wait for the 3 minutes or for sufficient oxygen Lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen can be called upon to produce ...
... Anaerobic so do not need to wait for the 3 minutes or for sufficient oxygen Lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen can be called upon to produce ...
Structure and physical-chemical properties of enzymes
... Substrate usually is relatively small molecule Enzyme is large protein molecule ...
... Substrate usually is relatively small molecule Enzyme is large protein molecule ...
Substrate and oxidative phosphorylation
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
... primarily and firstly in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... acids was studied in acute and steady state hypercapnia. Experiments on unanaesthetized animals exposed to 10% C 0 2 for lo? 20 and 60s showed that there was a transient decrease in glycogen concentration, progressive increases in glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate and decreases in pyruvat ...
... acids was studied in acute and steady state hypercapnia. Experiments on unanaesthetized animals exposed to 10% C 0 2 for lo? 20 and 60s showed that there was a transient decrease in glycogen concentration, progressive increases in glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate and decreases in pyruvat ...
Essential Chemistry for Biology
... Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass Matter on Earth is found in three physical states solid, liquid, and gas Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions All matter is compose ...
... Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass Matter on Earth is found in three physical states solid, liquid, and gas Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions All matter is compose ...
Cellular Respiration
... or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. 3.7.4 Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP. ...
... or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. 3.7.4 Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP. ...
Lecture 27
... • Photosynthesis – reduction of C, N, and S • Amino acids, essential amino acid synthesis restricted to plastids – Phenylpropanoid amino acids and secondary compounds start in the plastids (shikimic acid pathway) – Site of action of several herbicides, including glyphosate – Branched-chain amino aci ...
... • Photosynthesis – reduction of C, N, and S • Amino acids, essential amino acid synthesis restricted to plastids – Phenylpropanoid amino acids and secondary compounds start in the plastids (shikimic acid pathway) – Site of action of several herbicides, including glyphosate – Branched-chain amino aci ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.