Chapter 9
... molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is tapp ...
... molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is tapp ...
Hormones of the Gut
... Cholecystokinin (CCK) • 1928: Fat in small intestine stimulates the gall bladder to contract--cholecystokinin. • 1940s: Extract of duodenal mucosa stimulates pancreas to secrete enzymes-pancreozymin. • 1964-8: Purification of a single substance that stimulated both contraction of the gall bladder a ...
... Cholecystokinin (CCK) • 1928: Fat in small intestine stimulates the gall bladder to contract--cholecystokinin. • 1940s: Extract of duodenal mucosa stimulates pancreas to secrete enzymes-pancreozymin. • 1964-8: Purification of a single substance that stimulated both contraction of the gall bladder a ...
Chapter 9 - Slothnet
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
on the nature of the "non-saturable" migration of
... as that of the e-amino acids. Furthermore the uptake shows a considerable sensitivity to pH, and a temperature sensitivity so high as to exclude simple diffusion as the rate-limiting step. The structural specificity is compatible with a reaction of the amino acid with a membrane site, either an abun ...
... as that of the e-amino acids. Furthermore the uptake shows a considerable sensitivity to pH, and a temperature sensitivity so high as to exclude simple diffusion as the rate-limiting step. The structural specificity is compatible with a reaction of the amino acid with a membrane site, either an abun ...
Conversion of amino acids to specialized products
... inert for use in most biochemical processes. ...
... inert for use in most biochemical processes. ...
Chapter 8 - Slothnet
... cutting big molecules apart • Anabolic pathways: Add small molecules together to make big ones, needs energy – In many cases, that energy is ATP – Plants use sunlight for energy as they make sugar – Making proteins from amino acids is also anabolic ...
... cutting big molecules apart • Anabolic pathways: Add small molecules together to make big ones, needs energy – In many cases, that energy is ATP – Plants use sunlight for energy as they make sugar – Making proteins from amino acids is also anabolic ...
6-10summary
... Contractile vacuoles, found in freshwater protists, pump excess water out of the cell to maintain the appropriate concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell.. Concept 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another ...
... Contractile vacuoles, found in freshwater protists, pump excess water out of the cell to maintain the appropriate concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell.. Concept 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another ...
cheese - Genootschap Melkkunde
... Commercial lipases / esterases for EMC are generally produced from: - Animal sources : from bovine and porcine pancreatic tissues (pancreatin and pancreatic lipase) and the pregastric tissues of calf, lamb and goat kid (PGE). Animal lipases are highly specific for the liberation of free fatty acids ...
... Commercial lipases / esterases for EMC are generally produced from: - Animal sources : from bovine and porcine pancreatic tissues (pancreatin and pancreatic lipase) and the pregastric tissues of calf, lamb and goat kid (PGE). Animal lipases are highly specific for the liberation of free fatty acids ...
Ch_2-3 review2012
... Know the different properties of water and why they relate to water’s hydrogen bonding/polarity ...
... Know the different properties of water and why they relate to water’s hydrogen bonding/polarity ...
The Fermentation of Pyruvate
... process of fermentation the NADH + H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the NADH formed in glycol ...
... process of fermentation the NADH + H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the NADH formed in glycol ...
PART VI
... some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil. •Biological nitrogen fixation requires a complex set of enzymes and a huge expenditure of ATP. Although the first stable product of the process is ammonia, this is quickly incorporated into protein and other organic nitrogen compounds. Carried out ...
... some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil. •Biological nitrogen fixation requires a complex set of enzymes and a huge expenditure of ATP. Although the first stable product of the process is ammonia, this is quickly incorporated into protein and other organic nitrogen compounds. Carried out ...
O - bio-brainstorm
... if O2 is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 ...
... if O2 is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 ...
ATP - IS MU
... Living organisms require a continual input of free energy for three major purposes: – the performance of mechanical work in cellular movements, – the active transport of molecules and ions across membranes, – the synthesis of macromolecules and other biomolecules from simple precursors. Metabolism – ...
... Living organisms require a continual input of free energy for three major purposes: – the performance of mechanical work in cellular movements, – the active transport of molecules and ions across membranes, – the synthesis of macromolecules and other biomolecules from simple precursors. Metabolism – ...
say “cheese!”
... Most people think of milk as a liquid. Yes, it is a liquid, but milk is really a mixture of fat and protein molecules in a watery solution. As we have learned in class, proteins are large organic molecules that are built as a chain (or polymer) of amino acids. The behavior and function of the protei ...
... Most people think of milk as a liquid. Yes, it is a liquid, but milk is really a mixture of fat and protein molecules in a watery solution. As we have learned in class, proteins are large organic molecules that are built as a chain (or polymer) of amino acids. The behavior and function of the protei ...
glucose
... 3. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is the mechanism for regeneration of NAD+. 4. This helps continuity of glycolysis, as the generated NAD+ will be used once more for oxidation of another glucose molecule. ...
... 3. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is the mechanism for regeneration of NAD+. 4. This helps continuity of glycolysis, as the generated NAD+ will be used once more for oxidation of another glucose molecule. ...
JMT Coffee
... They are called essential amino acids not because they are more important than other amino acids but because it is essential that they are included in the daily diet since they are not produced naturally by the body. ...
... They are called essential amino acids not because they are more important than other amino acids but because it is essential that they are included in the daily diet since they are not produced naturally by the body. ...
Slide 1
... are transformed into various compounds – Become intermediates in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
... are transformed into various compounds – Become intermediates in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
The Energy Requirement for Growth: An A ~ ~ lication of
... requirements for specific functions, such as performance of mechanical work, maintenance of ionic equilibrium, and energy costs for replacing body constituents, as more becomes known about the stoichiometry of biochemical reactions in various organs. An important problem in human nutrition, especial ...
... requirements for specific functions, such as performance of mechanical work, maintenance of ionic equilibrium, and energy costs for replacing body constituents, as more becomes known about the stoichiometry of biochemical reactions in various organs. An important problem in human nutrition, especial ...
ANTI- α1-SYNTROPHIN (AG-17) Developed in Rabbit, IgG Fraction
... with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), syntrophins are thought to function as modular adapters to recruit signaling proteins to the membrane via association with ...
... with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), syntrophins are thought to function as modular adapters to recruit signaling proteins to the membrane via association with ...
Chapter 03 Lecture PowerPoint - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Chapter 6A Chemical Reactions CHAPTER OUTLINE
... OXIDATION-REDUCTION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS q In many biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions, the transfer of hydrogen atoms produces energy in the cells. q For example, cellular respiration is an oxidationreduction process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. C6H1 ...
... OXIDATION-REDUCTION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS q In many biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions, the transfer of hydrogen atoms produces energy in the cells. q For example, cellular respiration is an oxidationreduction process that transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to form ATP. C6H1 ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.