Midterm Exam
... Complete the following narrative by circling the appropriate term in each parenthesis so that each sentence is accurate. The cell or cytoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane composed of phospholipids. It is a(n) (excellent, poor) chemical barrier that is (flexible, rigid). Molecules that p ...
... Complete the following narrative by circling the appropriate term in each parenthesis so that each sentence is accurate. The cell or cytoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane composed of phospholipids. It is a(n) (excellent, poor) chemical barrier that is (flexible, rigid). Molecules that p ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases catalyze phosphorylation of serine residues of E1, inhibiting the complex. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatases reverse this inhibition. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases are activated by NADH & acetyl-CoA, providing another way the 2 major products of Pyruvate Dehydro ...
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases catalyze phosphorylation of serine residues of E1, inhibiting the complex. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatases reverse this inhibition. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases are activated by NADH & acetyl-CoA, providing another way the 2 major products of Pyruvate Dehydro ...
AAA-Direct Amino Acid Analysis System
... AAA-Direct Amino Acid Analysis System. Also, because the chromatographic retention mechanism is ion exchange, neutral sample components are not retained by the AminoPac PA10 column, virtually eliminating any matrix dependence. Simplified Tryptophan Determinations Determination of tryptophan can be p ...
... AAA-Direct Amino Acid Analysis System. Also, because the chromatographic retention mechanism is ion exchange, neutral sample components are not retained by the AminoPac PA10 column, virtually eliminating any matrix dependence. Simplified Tryptophan Determinations Determination of tryptophan can be p ...
Flux distributions in anaerobic, glucose-limited
... ments carried out in this work have shown that ADH I11 is active during anaerobic growth on glucose (see Results). Hence, the model includes two reactions where acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol but localized in different compartments (reactions 9 and 37). Two isoenzymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase e ...
... ments carried out in this work have shown that ADH I11 is active during anaerobic growth on glucose (see Results). Hence, the model includes two reactions where acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol but localized in different compartments (reactions 9 and 37). Two isoenzymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase e ...
ordered reactions
... was discovered by affinity labeling with tosylL-phenylalanine chloromethylketone (TPCK) • TPCK alkylates His 57 • Inactivation can be inhibited by bphenylpropionate (competitive ...
... was discovered by affinity labeling with tosylL-phenylalanine chloromethylketone (TPCK) • TPCK alkylates His 57 • Inactivation can be inhibited by bphenylpropionate (competitive ...
Metabolic modeling of muscle metabolism identifies key reactions
... We simulated dynamic shifts across the fasting-fed transition by modulating fatty acid and glucose uptake (Figure 2A). Specifically, we constrained CPT1 (the rate-limiting step of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake), assigning maximal activity in fasting, with progressive stepwise reductions toward the ...
... We simulated dynamic shifts across the fasting-fed transition by modulating fatty acid and glucose uptake (Figure 2A). Specifically, we constrained CPT1 (the rate-limiting step of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake), assigning maximal activity in fasting, with progressive stepwise reductions toward the ...
Final Exam Summer 04
... Termination signals for prokaryotic transcription are A. recognized by RNA Pol, which stops synthesis B. implemented by the large ribosomal subunit C. dependent on conformational changes in the new RNA D. recognized by DNA Pol III ...
... Termination signals for prokaryotic transcription are A. recognized by RNA Pol, which stops synthesis B. implemented by the large ribosomal subunit C. dependent on conformational changes in the new RNA D. recognized by DNA Pol III ...
... longer its solubility drops because of the hydrophobic effect. (2 pts) 8. (8 pts) Please do one of the following two choices: Choice A: Select either carbohydrates or fatty acids and briefly discuss the metabolic fate of the carbons from these compounds. Your answer should state which pathways are u ...
Bio3460-9 Photosynthesis
... - PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 efficiently and saves water 2) Increased nitrogen-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to leaf N) - C4 plants have low RUBISCO contents - PEP carboxylase is a small enzyme with low N requirements Physiological Benefits of CAM Photosynthesis: 1) Increased water-use efficie ...
... - PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 efficiently and saves water 2) Increased nitrogen-use efficiency (ratio of carbon gain to leaf N) - C4 plants have low RUBISCO contents - PEP carboxylase is a small enzyme with low N requirements Physiological Benefits of CAM Photosynthesis: 1) Increased water-use efficie ...
Oxidation of Carbohydrate
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
... – High net ATP yield but slow ATP production – Must be broken down into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol – Only FFAs are used to make ATP ...
Microbiology Of Fermented Foods and Beverages by momina
... Presence in gastrointestinal tracts, act as probiotics. Play a role in spoilage of fermented as well as non-fermented foods. Optimum temperature for growth varies from 30oC to 45oC. High tolerance to salt, low water activity and osmotic pressure. Many strains grow in acidic environments. Some show t ...
... Presence in gastrointestinal tracts, act as probiotics. Play a role in spoilage of fermented as well as non-fermented foods. Optimum temperature for growth varies from 30oC to 45oC. High tolerance to salt, low water activity and osmotic pressure. Many strains grow in acidic environments. Some show t ...
pH Scale - Knudsen Beverage Consulting
... Registration for sanitizers are governed by the EPA, (sometimes FDA) and the product must go through rigorous testing to be classified as a sanitizer. $$$$$. Often used synonymously- technically speaking, there is a difference between sanitizing and disinfecting. ...
... Registration for sanitizers are governed by the EPA, (sometimes FDA) and the product must go through rigorous testing to be classified as a sanitizer. $$$$$. Often used synonymously- technically speaking, there is a difference between sanitizing and disinfecting. ...
... 5. (9 pts) Please do one of the following two choices: Choice A: Which thermodynamic “force” or interaction is responsible for the self assembly of micelles and lipid bilayers? How does this interaction affect the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of fatty acids? Your answer should include a desc ...
peran serta masyarakat dalam plh
... as“synthases”) catalyze reactions involving eitherthe cleavage or formation of chemical bonds, with double bonds either arising of disappearing. 5. The isomerases (class 5) move groups within a molecule, without changing the gross composition of the substrate. 6. The ligation reactions catalyzed by ...
... as“synthases”) catalyze reactions involving eitherthe cleavage or formation of chemical bonds, with double bonds either arising of disappearing. 5. The isomerases (class 5) move groups within a molecule, without changing the gross composition of the substrate. 6. The ligation reactions catalyzed by ...
finalcarbohydrat met..
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate Ž Acetyl-CoA
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
L-Tyrosine - Douglas Labs
... Amino acids have many functions in the body. They are the building blocks for all body proteins – structural proteins that build muscle, connective tissues, bones and other structures, and functional proteins in the form of thousands of metabolically active enzymes. Amino acids provide the body with ...
... Amino acids have many functions in the body. They are the building blocks for all body proteins – structural proteins that build muscle, connective tissues, bones and other structures, and functional proteins in the form of thousands of metabolically active enzymes. Amino acids provide the body with ...
respiration_how cell..
... Proteins must first be digested to individual a____ acids. Amino acids that will be catabolized must have their amino groups removed via deamination. The carbon skeletons are modified by enzymes and enter as intermediaries into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle, depending on their structure. ...
... Proteins must first be digested to individual a____ acids. Amino acids that will be catabolized must have their amino groups removed via deamination. The carbon skeletons are modified by enzymes and enter as intermediaries into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle, depending on their structure. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isomaltose [a disaccharide in which two glucose molecules are attach ...
... converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isomaltose [a disaccharide in which two glucose molecules are attach ...
Flashback - Max-Planck
... Wilhelm Institute for Biology, Karl Lohmann seems spellbound by the hydrochloric acid bubbling in the flask in front of him. It contains a very special substance that Lohmann has just isolated from fresh rabbit muscles, and that has been simmering in the acid at 100 degrees Celsius for seven minutes ...
... Wilhelm Institute for Biology, Karl Lohmann seems spellbound by the hydrochloric acid bubbling in the flask in front of him. It contains a very special substance that Lohmann has just isolated from fresh rabbit muscles, and that has been simmering in the acid at 100 degrees Celsius for seven minutes ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.