Case Study I—Soy Sauce
... 2. How does adding brine lead to these changes? Most microbial species can’t survive at high salt concentrations because osmosis causes water from inside the cell (low salt environment) to leak out into the high salt environment of the outside. 3. Another challenge to the microbes in moromi is that ...
... 2. How does adding brine lead to these changes? Most microbial species can’t survive at high salt concentrations because osmosis causes water from inside the cell (low salt environment) to leak out into the high salt environment of the outside. 3. Another challenge to the microbes in moromi is that ...
Exam 2
... The abundances and relative isotopic masses have been determined experimentally. What instrument is commonly used to obtain this information? ...
... The abundances and relative isotopic masses have been determined experimentally. What instrument is commonly used to obtain this information? ...
Answers to chapter 7 questions Mastering Concepts 7.1 1. How did
... d. The complementary DNA sequence is (from left to right): CTTAGGACACC e. No, because the last codon would be a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) f. The peptide would fold into its proper shape and then either begin performing its function in the cell or be exported to the cell’s exterior. g. The figure ...
... d. The complementary DNA sequence is (from left to right): CTTAGGACACC e. No, because the last codon would be a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) f. The peptide would fold into its proper shape and then either begin performing its function in the cell or be exported to the cell’s exterior. g. The figure ...
ENZYMES
... Enzymes are soluble ,colloidal organic catalyst ,specific in action , protein in nature. They catalyze the hundreds of stepwise reactions that degrade nutrient molecules ,conserve and transform chemical energy from simple precursors. Wilhelm Kühne first used the term enzymes. For e.g. maltose is the ...
... Enzymes are soluble ,colloidal organic catalyst ,specific in action , protein in nature. They catalyze the hundreds of stepwise reactions that degrade nutrient molecules ,conserve and transform chemical energy from simple precursors. Wilhelm Kühne first used the term enzymes. For e.g. maltose is the ...
Photosynthesis
... Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules Almost all plants are photoautotrophs, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide ...
... Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules Almost all plants are photoautotrophs, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide ...
A multi-tissue type genome-scale metabolic network for analysis of
... biggest role in metabolism, with many functions including gluconeogenesis, glycogen storage, urea production and ketogenesis. Though the liver consists of many different cell types, the major cell type pertaining to metabolism is the hepatocyte. Skeletal muscle, one of the most abundant tissues in t ...
... biggest role in metabolism, with many functions including gluconeogenesis, glycogen storage, urea production and ketogenesis. Though the liver consists of many different cell types, the major cell type pertaining to metabolism is the hepatocyte. Skeletal muscle, one of the most abundant tissues in t ...
Option 3 Forensic chemistry
... 14. Choose equipment, plan and perform a for reducing and non-reducing sugars and first-hand investigation to carry out a series starch of distinguishing tests for the carbohydrates: 15. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 19.2(b)- Modelling (a) reducing and non-reducing sugars monosaccharides and starch (b)starch 1 ...
... 14. Choose equipment, plan and perform a for reducing and non-reducing sugars and first-hand investigation to carry out a series starch of distinguishing tests for the carbohydrates: 15. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 19.2(b)- Modelling (a) reducing and non-reducing sugars monosaccharides and starch (b)starch 1 ...
adjusting the conditions inside when the outside conditions change
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
Title Effect of Glutamine Analogs on Glutaminase Formation in
... The formation of asparaginase of Escherichiacoli was not increased when a complex medium or an amino acid free medium were supplemented with L-asparagine (24). Only among species of Pseudomonashas there been evidence of a marked inducible formation of asparaginase by asparagine or aspartic acid (25) ...
... The formation of asparaginase of Escherichiacoli was not increased when a complex medium or an amino acid free medium were supplemented with L-asparagine (24). Only among species of Pseudomonashas there been evidence of a marked inducible formation of asparaginase by asparagine or aspartic acid (25) ...
Pre-lab 8: Peptides and Proteins
... 4. Collect the solid protein using a funnel and filter paper. Wash the protein with two 10 mL portions of water. Weigh a watch glass. Transfer the protein to the watch glass and let the protein dry. Weigh. Calculate the mass of the milk protein. Save for part E. 5. Calculate the percentage of casein ...
... 4. Collect the solid protein using a funnel and filter paper. Wash the protein with two 10 mL portions of water. Weigh a watch glass. Transfer the protein to the watch glass and let the protein dry. Weigh. Calculate the mass of the milk protein. Save for part E. 5. Calculate the percentage of casein ...
2nd CAT
... Each mg has 240 units of enzyme activity. Each mg has 120 units of enzyme activity. You purified this enzyme more and the specific activity become 360. This means that the amount of protein decreased. During heating the specific activity decreased as protein ...
... Each mg has 240 units of enzyme activity. Each mg has 120 units of enzyme activity. You purified this enzyme more and the specific activity become 360. This means that the amount of protein decreased. During heating the specific activity decreased as protein ...
CHAPTER 6
... Generation (genesis) of "new (neo) glucose" from common metabolites Humans consume about 160 g of glucose per day, 75% of that is in the brain Body fluids contain only 20 g of free glucose Glycogen stores can provide 180-200 g of glucose So the body must be able to make new glucose from noncarbohydr ...
... Generation (genesis) of "new (neo) glucose" from common metabolites Humans consume about 160 g of glucose per day, 75% of that is in the brain Body fluids contain only 20 g of free glucose Glycogen stores can provide 180-200 g of glucose So the body must be able to make new glucose from noncarbohydr ...
Force Fields
... data set of 400 proteins. This is the null-model. But we count 3457 Ala-in-helix; that is 1.38 times ‘too many’. So the ‘score’ for (Ala,helix) = Pref(A,H)= ln(observed/predicted) = ln(3457/2505)=ln(1.38)=0.32. The preference parameter Pref(A,H) is positive. So, here positive is good (unlike ΔG or A ...
... data set of 400 proteins. This is the null-model. But we count 3457 Ala-in-helix; that is 1.38 times ‘too many’. So the ‘score’ for (Ala,helix) = Pref(A,H)= ln(observed/predicted) = ln(3457/2505)=ln(1.38)=0.32. The preference parameter Pref(A,H) is positive. So, here positive is good (unlike ΔG or A ...
![K m + [S]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008289247_1-97eed219b6e242b1a447e591c5c01f05-300x300.png)
K m + [S]
... Proximity effect and orientation arrange: For a biochemical reaction to occur, the substrate must come into close proximity to catalytic functional groups (side chain groups involved in a catalytic mechanism ) within the active site. In addition, the substrate must be precisely, spatially oriented t ...
... Proximity effect and orientation arrange: For a biochemical reaction to occur, the substrate must come into close proximity to catalytic functional groups (side chain groups involved in a catalytic mechanism ) within the active site. In addition, the substrate must be precisely, spatially oriented t ...
Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme
... catalysis, the enzyme binds more strongly to its "transition state complex rather than its ground state reactants." In essence, the transition state is more stable. The stabilization of the transition state lowers the activation barrier between reactants and products thus increasing the rate of reac ...
... catalysis, the enzyme binds more strongly to its "transition state complex rather than its ground state reactants." In essence, the transition state is more stable. The stabilization of the transition state lowers the activation barrier between reactants and products thus increasing the rate of reac ...
metabolomic and computational systems analysis
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
Answers set 7
... If cytoplasmic malic enzyme converts malate to pyruvate in order to generate NADPH, how does the TCA cycle in the mitochondrion get more oxaloacetate to sustain the TCA cycle? When there is sufficient glucose in the cell to supply NADPH by the pentose phosphate cycle, oxaloacetate returns to the mit ...
... If cytoplasmic malic enzyme converts malate to pyruvate in order to generate NADPH, how does the TCA cycle in the mitochondrion get more oxaloacetate to sustain the TCA cycle? When there is sufficient glucose in the cell to supply NADPH by the pentose phosphate cycle, oxaloacetate returns to the mit ...
The Synthetic Machinery of the Cell
... Prokaryotic (bacterial) ribosomes are similar in general structure and function to eukaryotic ribosomes, but have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S and consist of 30S and 50S subunits. The following are some examples of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. They could be bacterios ...
... Prokaryotic (bacterial) ribosomes are similar in general structure and function to eukaryotic ribosomes, but have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S and consist of 30S and 50S subunits. The following are some examples of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. They could be bacterios ...
Enzymes: Regulation 1
... sites on molecule for that same ligand – heterotropic effects: binding of other ligands (regulatory signaling molecules), to different sites from the primary ligand ("regulatory sites") can cause conformational changes that alter primary ligand binding affinity or catalytic activity – Sometimes regu ...
... sites on molecule for that same ligand – heterotropic effects: binding of other ligands (regulatory signaling molecules), to different sites from the primary ligand ("regulatory sites") can cause conformational changes that alter primary ligand binding affinity or catalytic activity – Sometimes regu ...
Protein 1 File
... elements of separate polymer chains • may be promoted by chaperones, membrane proteins, cytosolic and extracellular elements as well as the proteins’ own propensities • E decreases further due to further desolvation and reduction of surface area • globular proteins, e.g. hemoglobin, largely involve ...
... elements of separate polymer chains • may be promoted by chaperones, membrane proteins, cytosolic and extracellular elements as well as the proteins’ own propensities • E decreases further due to further desolvation and reduction of surface area • globular proteins, e.g. hemoglobin, largely involve ...
Classifying Reactions: A good summary
... Memorize the common strong oxidizers, generally ions with lots of oxygen, MnO4-, Cr2O72-, IO3-, etc. (in the "STRONG OXIDIZERS" section on "Stuff I Should Know for the AP TEST But Do Not Know Yet (Acrobat)"), memorize what they turn into, and look for something to oxidize. Memorize the common strong ...
... Memorize the common strong oxidizers, generally ions with lots of oxygen, MnO4-, Cr2O72-, IO3-, etc. (in the "STRONG OXIDIZERS" section on "Stuff I Should Know for the AP TEST But Do Not Know Yet (Acrobat)"), memorize what they turn into, and look for something to oxidize. Memorize the common strong ...
Citrate synthase
... Cycle. Citrate synthase is localized within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate synthase is commonly used as a quantitative enzyme ...
... Cycle. Citrate synthase is localized within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate synthase is commonly used as a quantitative enzyme ...
Algorithms and a Software Application for the Discovery of Heparin
... The first step of this project is a chemical one – examine a group of known heparinbinding proteins and find common subsequences of amino acids that may be an indicator of heparin-binding ability. An algorithm is then developed to search for these sequences given arbitrary proteins as input. The alg ...
... The first step of this project is a chemical one – examine a group of known heparinbinding proteins and find common subsequences of amino acids that may be an indicator of heparin-binding ability. An algorithm is then developed to search for these sequences given arbitrary proteins as input. The alg ...
Bioenergetics, glycolysis, metabolism of monosaccharides and
... Glycolysis occurs in cytosol is employed by all tissues for the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate to provide energy (ATP) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways. 1. Aerobic glycolysis (Figure B 8.9 in the next slide) : Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis in cells with mitochondria and ...
... Glycolysis occurs in cytosol is employed by all tissues for the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate to provide energy (ATP) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways. 1. Aerobic glycolysis (Figure B 8.9 in the next slide) : Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis in cells with mitochondria and ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
... Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the shown molecule DNA or RNA How do you know?_________________________________ 2. RNA polymerase is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical reactions occur quickly. Click the Release enzyme button, and describe what happens.___________________________ Activity A: ...
... Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the shown molecule DNA or RNA How do you know?_________________________________ 2. RNA polymerase is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical reactions occur quickly. Click the Release enzyme button, and describe what happens.___________________________ Activity A: ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.