Enzymes - Chemistry@Elmhurst
... • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions ...
... • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions ...
Polymers - Yafi Zayyat
... Monomer- the simple sugars, Glucose, sucrose, fructose (and many others) ...
... Monomer- the simple sugars, Glucose, sucrose, fructose (and many others) ...
mineral nutrition
... Based upon the above criteria only a few elements have been found to be absolutely essential for plant growth and metabolism. These elements are further divided into two broad categories based on their quantitative requirements. (i) Macronutrients, and (ii) Micronutrients Macronutrients are generall ...
... Based upon the above criteria only a few elements have been found to be absolutely essential for plant growth and metabolism. These elements are further divided into two broad categories based on their quantitative requirements. (i) Macronutrients, and (ii) Micronutrients Macronutrients are generall ...
Biochemistry 6/e
... catalytic activity - Carbonic anhydrase contains Zinc ion; first known zinc-containing enzyme. - Zinc ion is necessary for catalytic activity. - At least 7 carbonic anhydrase in human. - Carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ is the most extensively studied. - Three coordination sites are occupied by the imidazole ri ...
... catalytic activity - Carbonic anhydrase contains Zinc ion; first known zinc-containing enzyme. - Zinc ion is necessary for catalytic activity. - At least 7 carbonic anhydrase in human. - Carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ is the most extensively studied. - Three coordination sites are occupied by the imidazole ri ...
Chapter 7 – Cellular Respiration
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
Partial purification of fatty acid synthetase from Streptomyces
... Thus the synthetase migrated as a single species during these Filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are extremely procedures (with a consistent recovery of over 80%), and its versatile in making antibiotics, many of which are phenolic activity presumably resides in multifunctional polypepti ...
... Thus the synthetase migrated as a single species during these Filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are extremely procedures (with a consistent recovery of over 80%), and its versatile in making antibiotics, many of which are phenolic activity presumably resides in multifunctional polypepti ...
Lipid Biosynthesis
... The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the phosphatase activity} assure that the rate of pyruvate and ATP generation (glycolysis, TCA, & ET/ ...
... The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the phosphatase activity} assure that the rate of pyruvate and ATP generation (glycolysis, TCA, & ET/ ...
Welcome to Our Microbial Genetics Class
... The regulation of β-galactosidase synthesis has been intensively studied and serves as a primary example of how gene expression is controlled. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sugar lactose to glucose and galactose (figure 12.21). When E. coli grows with lactose as its carbon source, each ...
... The regulation of β-galactosidase synthesis has been intensively studied and serves as a primary example of how gene expression is controlled. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sugar lactose to glucose and galactose (figure 12.21). When E. coli grows with lactose as its carbon source, each ...
Amino Acid Requirements for Formation of the
... The entire series of results was treated in this way, and schedules similar to Table 2 were prepared for 18 different amino acids (excluding glutamic acid, which is present in the basal medium). The average stimulation or inhibition caused by each amino acid and the value of P are shown in Table 3. ...
... The entire series of results was treated in this way, and schedules similar to Table 2 were prepared for 18 different amino acids (excluding glutamic acid, which is present in the basal medium). The average stimulation or inhibition caused by each amino acid and the value of P are shown in Table 3. ...
Systembiologische Ansätze zur Erforschung des Metabolismus
... • Information about network structure can be used to derive far-reaching conclusions about performance of metabolism • Two tendencies in modelling: large-scale vs. mediumscale • Analysis of both types of models allows interesting conclusions • Some questions can only be answered in whole-cell models ...
... • Information about network structure can be used to derive far-reaching conclusions about performance of metabolism • Two tendencies in modelling: large-scale vs. mediumscale • Analysis of both types of models allows interesting conclusions • Some questions can only be answered in whole-cell models ...
Lecture 16 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is hydrophobic and diffuses rapidly within the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) by the reduced form of Q; QH2 NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) is a huge (>900kD) enzyme c ...
... Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is hydrophobic and diffuses rapidly within the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) by the reduced form of Q; QH2 NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) is a huge (>900kD) enzyme c ...
Regulation of secondary metabolism in fungi
... It is interesting that although most fungi cannot carry out nitrification (i.e. nitrate production from NHt or amino acids), Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus can (29—31). White and Johnson (32) established a correlation between the presence of nitrification and that of aflatoxin production in A ...
... It is interesting that although most fungi cannot carry out nitrification (i.e. nitrate production from NHt or amino acids), Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus can (29—31). White and Johnson (32) established a correlation between the presence of nitrification and that of aflatoxin production in A ...
CHEM 642-09 Powerpoint
... The standard one-letter abbreviation for each amino acid is presented below its three-letter abbreviation (see Panel 3–1, pp. 132–133, for the full name of each amino acid and its structure). By convention, codons are always written with the 5'- terminal nucleotide to the left. Note that most amino ...
... The standard one-letter abbreviation for each amino acid is presented below its three-letter abbreviation (see Panel 3–1, pp. 132–133, for the full name of each amino acid and its structure). By convention, codons are always written with the 5'- terminal nucleotide to the left. Note that most amino ...
Final
... -Know how the incorporation of conjugated carbocations effect the mechanism/outcome of the Sn1/E1 reaction -Know how alcohol undergo substitution reactions-when are they Sn2 when are they Sn1 -Know how alcohols dehydrate (mechanism) Chapter 13, The most important sections are: 13.2, 13.3, 13.5, 13.8 ...
... -Know how the incorporation of conjugated carbocations effect the mechanism/outcome of the Sn1/E1 reaction -Know how alcohol undergo substitution reactions-when are they Sn2 when are they Sn1 -Know how alcohols dehydrate (mechanism) Chapter 13, The most important sections are: 13.2, 13.3, 13.5, 13.8 ...
CHAPTER 7
... resynthesize ATP. Answer: oxidative phosphorylation 11. _________ are an important energy source for athletic events that require large outputs of energy over a long period of time as they provide nearly limitless energy supplies to the human body. Answer: Fats 12. Endurance training increases the n ...
... resynthesize ATP. Answer: oxidative phosphorylation 11. _________ are an important energy source for athletic events that require large outputs of energy over a long period of time as they provide nearly limitless energy supplies to the human body. Answer: Fats 12. Endurance training increases the n ...
CHAPTER 6: Energy for Muscular Activity
... resynthesize ATP. Answer: oxidative phosphorylation 11. _________ are an important energy source for athletic events that require large outputs of energy over a long period of time as they provide nearly limitless energy supplies to the human body. Answer: Fats 12. Endurance training increases the n ...
... resynthesize ATP. Answer: oxidative phosphorylation 11. _________ are an important energy source for athletic events that require large outputs of energy over a long period of time as they provide nearly limitless energy supplies to the human body. Answer: Fats 12. Endurance training increases the n ...
Energy for Cells
... CO2 and H2O. Per glucose molecule, there is a net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle, which occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, accounts for 2 ATP per glucose molecule. This means that a total of 4 ATP form due to substrate-level ATP synthesis ...
... CO2 and H2O. Per glucose molecule, there is a net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle, which occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, accounts for 2 ATP per glucose molecule. This means that a total of 4 ATP form due to substrate-level ATP synthesis ...
Digestive Enzymes - Emerson Ecologics
... Varying pH tolerance Enzymes catalyze specific reactions and work most effectively in a particular range of conditions. Changes to the pH in the gastrointestinal tract may also interfere with enzyme effectiveness, as few enzymes are able to survive the pH of pure gastric acid. To address this, Diges ...
... Varying pH tolerance Enzymes catalyze specific reactions and work most effectively in a particular range of conditions. Changes to the pH in the gastrointestinal tract may also interfere with enzyme effectiveness, as few enzymes are able to survive the pH of pure gastric acid. To address this, Diges ...
biochemistry-lect-4-n-34-amino-acid-and-peptides
... are also called as hydroxy amino acids. They are serine and threonine (Fig. 3a). 3. Amino acids with side chain containing sulfur atoms. They are also called as sulfur containing amino acids. They are cysteine, methionine and cystine (Fig. 3b). 4. Amino acids with side chain containing acidic groups ...
... are also called as hydroxy amino acids. They are serine and threonine (Fig. 3a). 3. Amino acids with side chain containing sulfur atoms. They are also called as sulfur containing amino acids. They are cysteine, methionine and cystine (Fig. 3b). 4. Amino acids with side chain containing acidic groups ...
Unit 3 (ch 6)
... 6.6 Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen • NADH delivers electrons to a series of electron carriers in an electron transport chain – As electrons move from carrier to carrier, their energy is released in small quantities ...
... 6.6 Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen • NADH delivers electrons to a series of electron carriers in an electron transport chain – As electrons move from carrier to carrier, their energy is released in small quantities ...
Full-Text PDF
... Besides serving as building blocks for protein synthesis, selective amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, glutathione, and epigenetic marks, and can activate the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. The proper supply of amino acids to all tissues and the homeostasis of ...
... Besides serving as building blocks for protein synthesis, selective amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, glutathione, and epigenetic marks, and can activate the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. The proper supply of amino acids to all tissues and the homeostasis of ...
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding
... Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all organisms, shows their biological importance. Extensive studies on oxygen-binding proteins have categorize ...
... Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all organisms, shows their biological importance. Extensive studies on oxygen-binding proteins have categorize ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.