Improved RP-HPLC and anion-exchange chromatography methods
... detection (PAD) was used for the determination of carbohydrates. The calibration curves obtained for 11 carbohydrates showed excellent linearity over the concentration range from 0.02 to 50.0 mg L–1. Recovery studies revealed good results for all analytes (89%–108%). Interferences from Hg(II) salts ...
... detection (PAD) was used for the determination of carbohydrates. The calibration curves obtained for 11 carbohydrates showed excellent linearity over the concentration range from 0.02 to 50.0 mg L–1. Recovery studies revealed good results for all analytes (89%–108%). Interferences from Hg(II) salts ...
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS Ceramide and
... homogenate was used to first measure glucose with glucose reagent (GAGO20, Sigma). Total glucose was measured by reading absorbance at 340 nm after 10 min of incubation at room temperature. To measure trehalose in the samples, porcine kidney trehalase (Sigma, T8778) was added (final concentration of ...
... homogenate was used to first measure glucose with glucose reagent (GAGO20, Sigma). Total glucose was measured by reading absorbance at 340 nm after 10 min of incubation at room temperature. To measure trehalose in the samples, porcine kidney trehalase (Sigma, T8778) was added (final concentration of ...
Molecular Sequence Programs
... Eck and Dayhoff's method (1966) of allowing transitions between all amino acids and counting those, and Fitch's (1971) method of counting the number of nucleotide changes that would be needed to evolve the protein sequence. DNAPARS uses the parsimony method allowing changes between all bases and cou ...
... Eck and Dayhoff's method (1966) of allowing transitions between all amino acids and counting those, and Fitch's (1971) method of counting the number of nucleotide changes that would be needed to evolve the protein sequence. DNAPARS uses the parsimony method allowing changes between all bases and cou ...
The road to knowledge: from biology to databases and back again
... Representation of metabolic reactions A metabolic reaction can be defined as the synthesis or degradation of chemical compounds, which may or may not be a reversible process. The type of reaction, e.g., an 'oxidation-reduction' reaction, is indicated by an Enzyme Commission (EC) number in all databa ...
... Representation of metabolic reactions A metabolic reaction can be defined as the synthesis or degradation of chemical compounds, which may or may not be a reversible process. The type of reaction, e.g., an 'oxidation-reduction' reaction, is indicated by an Enzyme Commission (EC) number in all databa ...
The Many Faces of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Male Germ Cells
... of carbohydrate metabolism in male germ cells: from single molecules to active polymers. Int. J. Med. Surg. Sci., 2(4):603-619, 2015. SUMMARY: Spermatogenesis is a complex physiological process that involves cell proliferation, meiotic division and a final cell differentiation of post-meiotic cells ...
... of carbohydrate metabolism in male germ cells: from single molecules to active polymers. Int. J. Med. Surg. Sci., 2(4):603-619, 2015. SUMMARY: Spermatogenesis is a complex physiological process that involves cell proliferation, meiotic division and a final cell differentiation of post-meiotic cells ...
Rational design_substrate specificity
... to generate the best mutant based on the size and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of amino acids ...
... to generate the best mutant based on the size and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of amino acids ...
Energy and Metabolism - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... destroyed. The Second Law states that the loss of energy results in greater disorder, or entropy. Free-energy changes (∆G) can predict whether chemical reactions take place. Reactions with a negative ∆G occur spontaneously, and those with a positive ∆G do not. Energy needed to initiate a reaction is ...
... destroyed. The Second Law states that the loss of energy results in greater disorder, or entropy. Free-energy changes (∆G) can predict whether chemical reactions take place. Reactions with a negative ∆G occur spontaneously, and those with a positive ∆G do not. Energy needed to initiate a reaction is ...
Chapter 9
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Chapter 9
... respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produ ...
... respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produ ...
Full-Text PDF
... “Thioester World” preceding those encoded by the earliest RNA based system. The evidence for this evolution is found in the catalytic site of the Class II synthetases [14] and the thioesters formed at the editing modules of the Class I synthetases [15]. “These and other data support a hypothesis tha ...
... “Thioester World” preceding those encoded by the earliest RNA based system. The evidence for this evolution is found in the catalytic site of the Class II synthetases [14] and the thioesters formed at the editing modules of the Class I synthetases [15]. “These and other data support a hypothesis tha ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Chem 150 Unit 2 - Hydrocarbons & Functional Groups
... http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Chem150_S07/course/answers/C 150-Quiz-1-key.swf ...
... http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Chem150_S07/course/answers/C 150-Quiz-1-key.swf ...
Blood glucose homeostasis
... Introduction Carbohydrates are distributed widely in the body, and have: - Metabolic functions - Glucose (the principal form and the major fuel for cellular metabolism) - Structural functions: - the precursor of other sugars, such as ribose which is found in: • nucleic acids, and of the • carbohydr ...
... Introduction Carbohydrates are distributed widely in the body, and have: - Metabolic functions - Glucose (the principal form and the major fuel for cellular metabolism) - Structural functions: - the precursor of other sugars, such as ribose which is found in: • nucleic acids, and of the • carbohydr ...
Export To Word
... glycolysis undergoes oxidation to produce Acetyl CoA. The video then explains what occurs when Acetyl CoA enters the Kreb's cycle and how NADH and FADH2 are produced. This Khan Academy video explains how the NADH And FADH2 that were made during glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle are used to generate AT ...
... glycolysis undergoes oxidation to produce Acetyl CoA. The video then explains what occurs when Acetyl CoA enters the Kreb's cycle and how NADH and FADH2 are produced. This Khan Academy video explains how the NADH And FADH2 that were made during glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle are used to generate AT ...
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates: Nomenclature Monosaccharides
... mixture of the two contains more beta than alpha. Note we most commonly find glucose and other aldohexoses in the pyranose ring form, while fructose, a keto hexose, is found in the furanose ring form, and ribose, an aldopentose, is found in the furanose ring form. The free sugars can exist as a mixt ...
... mixture of the two contains more beta than alpha. Note we most commonly find glucose and other aldohexoses in the pyranose ring form, while fructose, a keto hexose, is found in the furanose ring form, and ribose, an aldopentose, is found in the furanose ring form. The free sugars can exist as a mixt ...
"thinking acids" handout
... the indicator, the pH will be low at the beginning, so the phenolphthalein will be mostly in the un-ionized or “protonated” “acid” form (we’ll refer to as HIn). As the pH increases over the course of the titration, the pH will eventually get close to the pKa of phenolphthalein, and when pH = pKa, th ...
... the indicator, the pH will be low at the beginning, so the phenolphthalein will be mostly in the un-ionized or “protonated” “acid” form (we’ll refer to as HIn). As the pH increases over the course of the titration, the pH will eventually get close to the pKa of phenolphthalein, and when pH = pKa, th ...
Complexity of dopamine metabolism | Cell Communication and
... disease and even diagnosis of PD is complicated due to a lack of reliable diagnostic tests. There are sporadic and inheritable forms of PD. Sporadic PD is by far the most common, and thus represents the more pressing medical need. However, similarities in both forms have led to the assumption that t ...
... disease and even diagnosis of PD is complicated due to a lack of reliable diagnostic tests. There are sporadic and inheritable forms of PD. Sporadic PD is by far the most common, and thus represents the more pressing medical need. However, similarities in both forms have led to the assumption that t ...
A1983QJ71300001
... impossible not to ask the question, “My interest in salt marsh plants ‘Why so much proline?’ These initial began back in the early-1960s when I observations provided the impetus for the work described in this paper, but was taken on a field excursion to the marshes described so vividly by Charles th ...
... impossible not to ask the question, “My interest in salt marsh plants ‘Why so much proline?’ These initial began back in the early-1960s when I observations provided the impetus for the work described in this paper, but was taken on a field excursion to the marshes described so vividly by Charles th ...
Document
... • How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be translated into so many different amino acids? • The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be translated into so many words. – ape – pea The four letters of RNA are put together in different combinations to form many different “words” –A U C G ...
... • How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be translated into so many different amino acids? • The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be translated into so many words. – ape – pea The four letters of RNA are put together in different combinations to form many different “words” –A U C G ...
BCH401G Lecture 39 Andres Lecture Summary: Ribosome
... the bound GTP, converting it to GDP. The phosphate bonds of many nucleotide triphosphates are used to drive the process of translation. Hydrolysis of these bonds liberates energy that can be used to do work. In this case, GTP hydrolysis causes release of IF-2 (drives a change in conformation) from t ...
... the bound GTP, converting it to GDP. The phosphate bonds of many nucleotide triphosphates are used to drive the process of translation. Hydrolysis of these bonds liberates energy that can be used to do work. In this case, GTP hydrolysis causes release of IF-2 (drives a change in conformation) from t ...
amino acid, peptides, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids
... The structures and names of some particularly important a-amino acids are shown in Table 25-1. You will notice that the names in common use for amino acids are not descriptive of their structural formulas; but at least they have the advantage of being shorter than the systematic names. The abbreviat ...
... The structures and names of some particularly important a-amino acids are shown in Table 25-1. You will notice that the names in common use for amino acids are not descriptive of their structural formulas; but at least they have the advantage of being shorter than the systematic names. The abbreviat ...
Protein Synthesis Notes
... Proteins are responsible for many chemical reactions 1. ______________________ = ________________________ that ______________ _______ the rate of a chemical _______________________ ________________ up or ______________ _______________ substrate Fit together like a “______________” and a “___________ ...
... Proteins are responsible for many chemical reactions 1. ______________________ = ________________________ that ______________ _______ the rate of a chemical _______________________ ________________ up or ______________ _______________ substrate Fit together like a “______________” and a “___________ ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.