ATP production in isolated mitochondria of procyclic Trypanosoma
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF RED BLOOD CELL METABOLISM IN
... period. Enzymes diagnostic of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and phosphagen metabolism were all present-in significant amounts in red blood cells. In direct comparisons of 14C-labelled substrates at normal resting plasma concentrations, rates of CO2 production were in the order: gluc ...
... period. Enzymes diagnostic of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and phosphagen metabolism were all present-in significant amounts in red blood cells. In direct comparisons of 14C-labelled substrates at normal resting plasma concentrations, rates of CO2 production were in the order: gluc ...
Free amino acids and proteins dynamics in somatic embryogenesis
... in view of its domestication via somatic embryogenesis. Here we analyzed the variations of free amino acids, soluble and ionically bound proteins during different stages of somatic embryogenesis in halfstrength Murashige and Skoog and in half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki media. In both media respect ...
... in view of its domestication via somatic embryogenesis. Here we analyzed the variations of free amino acids, soluble and ionically bound proteins during different stages of somatic embryogenesis in halfstrength Murashige and Skoog and in half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki media. In both media respect ...
Metabolism II
... 1- From Amino Acids - Many tissues, particularly liver, form ammonia by aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. A- Aminotransferases--- acts by transferring the amino group from AA to α- keto acid. ...
... 1- From Amino Acids - Many tissues, particularly liver, form ammonia by aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase. A- Aminotransferases--- acts by transferring the amino group from AA to α- keto acid. ...
... ii) Illustrate your answer with one of the following topics from the course: a) Oxygen delivery, b) altitude adjustment, c) enzyme inhibitors (one specific type), d) metabolic regulation (glycogen or glycolysis), or e) regulation of DNA transcription (2 pt). i) Enzyme is in two forms – relaxed (acti ...
Analysis of amino acids and peptide primary structure determination
... • The amino acid has no NET charge at its pI; it has one positive and one negative charge. • At a pH less than the value of the isoelectric point, the amino acid is protonated and has a POSITIVE charge; at a pH greater than the pI the amino acid is deprotonated and has a NEGATIVE charge. O C H3N ...
... • The amino acid has no NET charge at its pI; it has one positive and one negative charge. • At a pH less than the value of the isoelectric point, the amino acid is protonated and has a POSITIVE charge; at a pH greater than the pI the amino acid is deprotonated and has a NEGATIVE charge. O C H3N ...
FEBS Letters
... to proteins b and c and the strong similarity between their amino termini [ 161 might be related to one or more properties which these 3 proteins share like their function as general aqueous pores or their interaction with LPS. Our present results together with those in [ 10.11] clearly show that pr ...
... to proteins b and c and the strong similarity between their amino termini [ 161 might be related to one or more properties which these 3 proteins share like their function as general aqueous pores or their interaction with LPS. Our present results together with those in [ 10.11] clearly show that pr ...
tutorial protein set 1
... 19. Amino acids contain the following groups linked to a carbon: a) an amino group and a carboxylate group. b) an amino group and an R group . c) a carboxylate group and an R group. d) an amino group and a carboxylate group and an R group. e) none of the above Ans: d Link to: 3.1 Difficulty: Medium ...
... 19. Amino acids contain the following groups linked to a carbon: a) an amino group and a carboxylate group. b) an amino group and an R group . c) a carboxylate group and an R group. d) an amino group and a carboxylate group and an R group. e) none of the above Ans: d Link to: 3.1 Difficulty: Medium ...
6 | metabolism
... pathways alone. Metabolic complexity varies from organism to organism. Photosynthesis is the primary pathway in which photosynthetic organisms like plants (the majority of global synthesis is done by planktonic algae) harvest the sun’s energy and convert it into carbohydrates. The by-product of phot ...
... pathways alone. Metabolic complexity varies from organism to organism. Photosynthesis is the primary pathway in which photosynthetic organisms like plants (the majority of global synthesis is done by planktonic algae) harvest the sun’s energy and convert it into carbohydrates. The by-product of phot ...
this PDF file - Periodica Polytechnica
... The non-essential amino acid content in winter wheat grains is shown in Table 7. Fertilizing produced significant positive or negative changes in all amino acids except proline (PRO), depending on the treatment. Compared to unfertilized treatment, N increased the contents in arginine (ARG), histidin ...
... The non-essential amino acid content in winter wheat grains is shown in Table 7. Fertilizing produced significant positive or negative changes in all amino acids except proline (PRO), depending on the treatment. Compared to unfertilized treatment, N increased the contents in arginine (ARG), histidin ...
UNIT- V - Bhoj University
... A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as Bacillus anthracis or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci Capsules are not marked by ordinary stain and can be detected by special stain. The cap ...
... A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as Bacillus anthracis or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci Capsules are not marked by ordinary stain and can be detected by special stain. The cap ...
Step 1 Biochemistry Review
... has sustained a ruptured spleen and is going into hypovolemic shock as a result of blood loss. He is conscious and his respiratory rate is elevated. Which of the following biochemical processes is most likely increased in this patient? xA anion gap B. electron transport chain C. Na+/K+ATPase D.citri ...
... has sustained a ruptured spleen and is going into hypovolemic shock as a result of blood loss. He is conscious and his respiratory rate is elevated. Which of the following biochemical processes is most likely increased in this patient? xA anion gap B. electron transport chain C. Na+/K+ATPase D.citri ...
Enzyme changes in malnutrition - Journal of Clinical Pathology
... medicine, I shall consider only the work that has been done in human malnutrition. It would be impossible to deal with the very large literature on enzyme changes in animals under different dietary conditions. I shall also confine myself to work which is related to protein and calorie deficiency bec ...
... medicine, I shall consider only the work that has been done in human malnutrition. It would be impossible to deal with the very large literature on enzyme changes in animals under different dietary conditions. I shall also confine myself to work which is related to protein and calorie deficiency bec ...
Intrinsically unstructured proteins
... proper spatial organization of active site residues requires a rigid fold they cannot provide. Furthermore, their functions are invariably linked to their structural disorder and can be classified into 28 distinct categories. Here, it is suggested that they actually fall into five broad functional c ...
... proper spatial organization of active site residues requires a rigid fold they cannot provide. Furthermore, their functions are invariably linked to their structural disorder and can be classified into 28 distinct categories. Here, it is suggested that they actually fall into five broad functional c ...
Lesson 8. Enzymes
... each enzyme. Enzymes are also classified on the basis of their composition. Enzymes composed wholly of protein are known as simple enzymes in contrast to complex enzymes, which are composed of protein plus a relatively small organic molecule. Complex enzymes are also known as holo-enzymes. The nonpr ...
... each enzyme. Enzymes are also classified on the basis of their composition. Enzymes composed wholly of protein are known as simple enzymes in contrast to complex enzymes, which are composed of protein plus a relatively small organic molecule. Complex enzymes are also known as holo-enzymes. The nonpr ...
Identification of possible tworeactant sources of
... As has been pointed out elsewhere [22, 231, all carbohydrate metabolites participating in the Calvin cycle are subjected to a moiety conservation constraint with phosphate as the conserved moiety. By arguments analogous to those considered in the treatment of oscillations in single-enzyme reactions ...
... As has been pointed out elsewhere [22, 231, all carbohydrate metabolites participating in the Calvin cycle are subjected to a moiety conservation constraint with phosphate as the conserved moiety. By arguments analogous to those considered in the treatment of oscillations in single-enzyme reactions ...
Lesson 4.4 Anaerobic Respiration version 2
... oxygen is being used up quicker than it can be supplied, so an oxygen debt occurs. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis would usually stop as there would be a build up of reduced NAD. For glycolysis to continue, reduced NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen at ...
... oxygen is being used up quicker than it can be supplied, so an oxygen debt occurs. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis would usually stop as there would be a build up of reduced NAD. For glycolysis to continue, reduced NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen at ...
University of Groningen Fructosyltransferases of Lactobacillus
... characteristics of the polymers synthesized. Almost all glucans produced by lactic acid bacteria are composed of α-glucopyranosyl moieties; the various type of glucan differs in their linkages [112]. Examples of glucan production by lactic acid bacteria are (i) a glucan with α(1→6), α(1→4), and α(1→ ...
... characteristics of the polymers synthesized. Almost all glucans produced by lactic acid bacteria are composed of α-glucopyranosyl moieties; the various type of glucan differs in their linkages [112]. Examples of glucan production by lactic acid bacteria are (i) a glucan with α(1→6), α(1→4), and α(1→ ...
CH2O -OCH CH2O- - f.a. #1 f.a.#2 f.a.#3 f.a. = fatty acid.
... Lipids are the water-insoluble compounds that can be extracted from cells and tissues with organic solvents such as chloroform. They play a variety of roles in cells. This semester we will focus on two major classes of lipids. These are: (i). The PHOSPHATIDES or phospholipids, a major, frequently th ...
... Lipids are the water-insoluble compounds that can be extracted from cells and tissues with organic solvents such as chloroform. They play a variety of roles in cells. This semester we will focus on two major classes of lipids. These are: (i). The PHOSPHATIDES or phospholipids, a major, frequently th ...
Ch13.doc
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Problems in Protein Biosynthesis - The Journal of General Physiology
... messenger RNA (2) complementary to one of the two DNA strands (3, 4). This is catalyzed by RNA polymerase (5-7). The second step will be the topic of this discussion and we will return to it subsequently. The third step is the folding of the peptide chain into a 3-dimensional biologically active for ...
... messenger RNA (2) complementary to one of the two DNA strands (3, 4). This is catalyzed by RNA polymerase (5-7). The second step will be the topic of this discussion and we will return to it subsequently. The third step is the folding of the peptide chain into a 3-dimensional biologically active for ...
Selected Solutions to End of Chapter 13 Problems
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Chap. 4. "Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function
... these proteins. In general, prosthetic groups are organic molecules that are required for the function of a protein. O2 binds to an Fe2+ ion located in the center of the heme group. The heme group is located within an hydrophobic cleft in myoglobin and in each type of hemoglobin chain. Two histidine ...
... these proteins. In general, prosthetic groups are organic molecules that are required for the function of a protein. O2 binds to an Fe2+ ion located in the center of the heme group. The heme group is located within an hydrophobic cleft in myoglobin and in each type of hemoglobin chain. Two histidine ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.