Chap. 4. "Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function
... these proteins. In general, prosthetic groups are organic molecules that are required for the function of a protein. O2 binds to an Fe2+ ion located in the center of the heme group. The heme group is located within an hydrophobic cleft in myoglobin and in each type of hemoglobin chain. Two histidine ...
... these proteins. In general, prosthetic groups are organic molecules that are required for the function of a protein. O2 binds to an Fe2+ ion located in the center of the heme group. The heme group is located within an hydrophobic cleft in myoglobin and in each type of hemoglobin chain. Two histidine ...
Slide 1
... Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency in liver (von Gierk’s disease): Glc not released into blood No response to Epinephrine or Glucagon hypoglycemia (low blood glc) between meals infant in convulsions Large amounts of glycogen in liver (G-6-P inhibits breakdown) Liver enlargement Glc-6-P increases glyco ...
... Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency in liver (von Gierk’s disease): Glc not released into blood No response to Epinephrine or Glucagon hypoglycemia (low blood glc) between meals infant in convulsions Large amounts of glycogen in liver (G-6-P inhibits breakdown) Liver enlargement Glc-6-P increases glyco ...
the relationship between calcium
... It has been shown in the course of the last few years that the number of factors playing a part in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) metabolism is far greater than had been known. It was found that the calcification of bones depends in the first place on the 'citric acid cycle' and on adenosine triphosphate ...
... It has been shown in the course of the last few years that the number of factors playing a part in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) metabolism is far greater than had been known. It was found that the calcification of bones depends in the first place on the 'citric acid cycle' and on adenosine triphosphate ...
Proteins
... With the many a varied roles of proteins in the human body, it is worth taking a quick look at an overview of the roles of proteins in the body as at this time. When it comes to discussing types, sources and amounts of proteins in a healthy diet, we will have a better idea where and what this protei ...
... With the many a varied roles of proteins in the human body, it is worth taking a quick look at an overview of the roles of proteins in the body as at this time. When it comes to discussing types, sources and amounts of proteins in a healthy diet, we will have a better idea where and what this protei ...
The Photoassimilation of Organic Compounds by Autotrophic Blue
... The blue-green algae are a ubiquitous group of procaryotic micro-organisms which grow photosynthetically and, unlike the photosynthetic bacteria, produce oxygen. Apart from studies on their photosynthetic activities and, with certain species, also on their nitrogen-fixing activities, surprisingly fe ...
... The blue-green algae are a ubiquitous group of procaryotic micro-organisms which grow photosynthetically and, unlike the photosynthetic bacteria, produce oxygen. Apart from studies on their photosynthetic activities and, with certain species, also on their nitrogen-fixing activities, surprisingly fe ...
The Photoassimilation of Organic Compounds by
... The blue-green algae are a ubiquitous group of procaryotic micro-organisms which grow photosynthetically and, unlike the photosynthetic bacteria, produce oxygen. Apart from studies on their photosynthetic activities and, with certain species, also on their nitrogen-fixing activities, surprisingly fe ...
... The blue-green algae are a ubiquitous group of procaryotic micro-organisms which grow photosynthetically and, unlike the photosynthetic bacteria, produce oxygen. Apart from studies on their photosynthetic activities and, with certain species, also on their nitrogen-fixing activities, surprisingly fe ...
SUGAR AND ACID METABOLISM IN CITRUS FRUIT 1
... The base of .ost juice vesicles il a minute, hair-like strand up to 2 C8 long (about 3/4 inch). Sugar aove.nt through this zo~ is apparently not facilitated by any vascular tissuel or other specialized structures. Photosynthetic materials froa leaves .ove through these vesicle stalks and sepent epid ...
... The base of .ost juice vesicles il a minute, hair-like strand up to 2 C8 long (about 3/4 inch). Sugar aove.nt through this zo~ is apparently not facilitated by any vascular tissuel or other specialized structures. Photosynthetic materials froa leaves .ove through these vesicle stalks and sepent epid ...
A STUDY OF THE AMINO ACIDS ASSOCIATED WITH OVALBUMIN
... this conclusion on the observation that: Ovalbumin that had bonded 1-Ci^-glycine at pH = 7.2, loses, on action of ninhydrin, about 20% of radioactive carboxyIs. Treatment with ninhydrin of protein that had bonded l-C-'-^glycine at pH = 7.8, results in loss of about 50% of radioactive carboxyls. Thus ...
... this conclusion on the observation that: Ovalbumin that had bonded 1-Ci^-glycine at pH = 7.2, loses, on action of ninhydrin, about 20% of radioactive carboxyIs. Treatment with ninhydrin of protein that had bonded l-C-'-^glycine at pH = 7.8, results in loss of about 50% of radioactive carboxyls. Thus ...
Chapter 5
... – use organic molecules as carbon sources Copyright © McGraw-Hill companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or ...
... – use organic molecules as carbon sources Copyright © McGraw-Hill companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or ...
Perspective: emerging evidence for signaling roles of mitochondrial
... mitochondrial level of citric acid cycle intermediates. Because most citric acid cycle intermediates directly inhibit or activate various enzymes of the cycle (examples are discussed in Ref. 73), the potential for increases in their concentrations means that cycle function would be altered if excess ...
... mitochondrial level of citric acid cycle intermediates. Because most citric acid cycle intermediates directly inhibit or activate various enzymes of the cycle (examples are discussed in Ref. 73), the potential for increases in their concentrations means that cycle function would be altered if excess ...
Interferon-gamma (I4777) - Datasheet - Sigma
... homology with IFN-β or IFN-α proteins.1,3,4 The mouse IFN-γ amino acid sequence is ∼40% homologous with human IFN-γ.1,3 In general, IFN-γ is highly specific showing no cross reactivity between species.1,3 Historically, IFN-γ has been recognized for its antiviral, antiproliferative, immunoregulatory, ...
... homology with IFN-β or IFN-α proteins.1,3,4 The mouse IFN-γ amino acid sequence is ∼40% homologous with human IFN-γ.1,3 In general, IFN-γ is highly specific showing no cross reactivity between species.1,3 Historically, IFN-γ has been recognized for its antiviral, antiproliferative, immunoregulatory, ...
11. Archaea and Bacteria
... Microbiological knowledge has been accumulated mainly on the basis of researches on many species of Bacteria, because researches on Archaea have only far young history compared with that of Bacteria. However, recent rapidly growing archaeal studies revealed novel aspects of insight of history of lif ...
... Microbiological knowledge has been accumulated mainly on the basis of researches on many species of Bacteria, because researches on Archaea have only far young history compared with that of Bacteria. However, recent rapidly growing archaeal studies revealed novel aspects of insight of history of lif ...
Plant biotin-containing carboxylases
... protein where the highly conserved ‘‘(A/I/V)-M-K-(L/V/ M/A/T’’ biotinylation signature sequence is present. Because these proteins contain an alanine- and prolinerich hinge region, their migration on SDS–PAGE is anomalous, and the apparent molecular weights of the mature proteins are in the range of ...
... protein where the highly conserved ‘‘(A/I/V)-M-K-(L/V/ M/A/T’’ biotinylation signature sequence is present. Because these proteins contain an alanine- and prolinerich hinge region, their migration on SDS–PAGE is anomalous, and the apparent molecular weights of the mature proteins are in the range of ...
The Kinetics of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
... active site - a region of an enzyme comprised of different amino acids where catalysis occurs or a small portion of the surface of an enzyme which a specific chemical reaction is catalyzed substrate - the molecule being utilized and/or modified by a particular enzyme at its active site co-factor - o ...
... active site - a region of an enzyme comprised of different amino acids where catalysis occurs or a small portion of the surface of an enzyme which a specific chemical reaction is catalyzed substrate - the molecule being utilized and/or modified by a particular enzyme at its active site co-factor - o ...
Changes in the Intracellular Concentration of Acetyl
... Changes in the intracellular concentrations of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in E. coli K12 grown on glucose/mineral salts medium There was a remarkable change in the intracellular concentrations of the CoA-thioesters, especially acetyl-CoA, during growth of E. coli K12 on glucose/mineral salts medium ...
... Changes in the intracellular concentrations of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in E. coli K12 grown on glucose/mineral salts medium There was a remarkable change in the intracellular concentrations of the CoA-thioesters, especially acetyl-CoA, during growth of E. coli K12 on glucose/mineral salts medium ...
R-C-SCoA (acyl CoA) O
... We turn now to those decarboxylations of alpha-keto acids that proceed with simultaneous oxidations. Such reactions are among the most important reactions of metabolism; indeed the very next reaction we will study–the preparation of pyruvate for processing by the citric acid cycle–is a prime example ...
... We turn now to those decarboxylations of alpha-keto acids that proceed with simultaneous oxidations. Such reactions are among the most important reactions of metabolism; indeed the very next reaction we will study–the preparation of pyruvate for processing by the citric acid cycle–is a prime example ...
CHEMCO M M
... acids. The information stored in the primary sequence results in a three-dimensional folded structure for each protein, which is largely responsible for the most important protein properties. For every specific function, nature has refined protein structures through eons of evolution. It is striking ...
... acids. The information stored in the primary sequence results in a three-dimensional folded structure for each protein, which is largely responsible for the most important protein properties. For every specific function, nature has refined protein structures through eons of evolution. It is striking ...
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
... Four additional "pumped" protons are transported out of the matrix and released on the Cytosolic side in the course of the reaction. The pumped protons double the efficiency of free-energy storage in the form of a proton gradient for this final step in the electron-transport chain. ...
... Four additional "pumped" protons are transported out of the matrix and released on the Cytosolic side in the course of the reaction. The pumped protons double the efficiency of free-energy storage in the form of a proton gradient for this final step in the electron-transport chain. ...
Functional and quantitative proteomics using SILAC
... Box 1 | Advantages and limitations of SILAC Mass spectrometry is not inherently quantitative, as different molecules have different mass spectrometric responses. Stable-isotope analogues of the molecule to be quantified have therefore been used for many years for accurate quantitation in small-molec ...
... Box 1 | Advantages and limitations of SILAC Mass spectrometry is not inherently quantitative, as different molecules have different mass spectrometric responses. Stable-isotope analogues of the molecule to be quantified have therefore been used for many years for accurate quantitation in small-molec ...
Fermentative degradation of glycolic acid by defined syntrophic
... DNA was 42.9 + 1.0 tool %. The pattern of utilized substrates, formation of acetate as primary fermentation product, and presence of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase at high activity in cell extracts (2.4 ~tmol CO oxidized per rain and mg protein) all indicated that this bacterium was a homoacetogenic ...
... DNA was 42.9 + 1.0 tool %. The pattern of utilized substrates, formation of acetate as primary fermentation product, and presence of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase at high activity in cell extracts (2.4 ~tmol CO oxidized per rain and mg protein) all indicated that this bacterium was a homoacetogenic ...
lecture04_05
... • For aligning amino acids, we need a scoring matrix of 20 rows 20 columns • Matrices represent biological processes – Mutation causes changes in sequence – Evolution tends to conserve protein function – Similar function requires similar amino acids ...
... • For aligning amino acids, we need a scoring matrix of 20 rows 20 columns • Matrices represent biological processes – Mutation causes changes in sequence – Evolution tends to conserve protein function – Similar function requires similar amino acids ...
A Classification of AP Chemistry Reactions
... The second type of redox that involve oxygen-containing compounds such as nitrates, sulfates, permanganates, dichromates, etc. First of all, since these are redox reactions, one thing must be oxidized and another must be reduced. Jotting down oxidation numbers can be helpful. Second, almost all of t ...
... The second type of redox that involve oxygen-containing compounds such as nitrates, sulfates, permanganates, dichromates, etc. First of all, since these are redox reactions, one thing must be oxidized and another must be reduced. Jotting down oxidation numbers can be helpful. Second, almost all of t ...
Free radicals and antioxidants
... erytrocytes hemolysis, methemoglobin synthesis Zinc cell membrane stabilisation Fe antagonist ...
... erytrocytes hemolysis, methemoglobin synthesis Zinc cell membrane stabilisation Fe antagonist ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.