General analysis of observed kinome profiles
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) are associated with decreased PDH activity [25], resulting in a lower conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA necessary to drive the TCA/Krebs cycle [26]. These PDH phosphorylation profiles thus point to reduced substrate feeding into the TCA/Krebs cycle in the presence of ...
... Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) are associated with decreased PDH activity [25], resulting in a lower conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA necessary to drive the TCA/Krebs cycle [26]. These PDH phosphorylation profiles thus point to reduced substrate feeding into the TCA/Krebs cycle in the presence of ...
The Affect of Enzymes on a Chemical Reaction
... will mimic the structure of the substrate and trick the enzyme into thinking that it is the substrate. Noncompetitive inhibitors will attach to the enzyme and alter the shape of its active site, not allowing for an induced fit with the substrate. “Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular ...
... will mimic the structure of the substrate and trick the enzyme into thinking that it is the substrate. Noncompetitive inhibitors will attach to the enzyme and alter the shape of its active site, not allowing for an induced fit with the substrate. “Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular ...
Chapter 6 Power Points
... bond breaking and bond forming The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called the free energy of activation, or activation energy (EA) Activation energy is often supplied in the form of thermal energy that the reactant molecules absorb from their surroundings ...
... bond breaking and bond forming The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called the free energy of activation, or activation energy (EA) Activation energy is often supplied in the form of thermal energy that the reactant molecules absorb from their surroundings ...
AP bio fall 2014 final exam prep Multiple Choice Identify the choice
... ____ 35. If you were searching for anaerobic bacteria, you would NOT look for them in a. the guts of farm animals. b. swamps. c. shallow, running water. d. sediments of lakes and oceans. ____ 36. Which statement is true? a. High concentrations of ATP inhibit the formation of more ATP. b. The ATP co ...
... ____ 35. If you were searching for anaerobic bacteria, you would NOT look for them in a. the guts of farm animals. b. swamps. c. shallow, running water. d. sediments of lakes and oceans. ____ 36. Which statement is true? a. High concentrations of ATP inhibit the formation of more ATP. b. The ATP co ...
• Sources of glucose • Phases of glucose homeostasis • Hormones
... • Sources of glucose is Dietary sources & Metabolic sources (via gluconeogenesis). In Phase I Glucose is mainly supplied by dietary CHOs (exogenous) and • Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in this phase. Phase II Major sources of blood glucose is Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. • InPhase III starts w ...
... • Sources of glucose is Dietary sources & Metabolic sources (via gluconeogenesis). In Phase I Glucose is mainly supplied by dietary CHOs (exogenous) and • Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in this phase. Phase II Major sources of blood glucose is Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. • InPhase III starts w ...
Argininosuccinate Synthetase-lyase Activity in Vaccinia Virus
... Michaelis constant (K~) values for enzymes in uninfected and vaccinia virus-infected HeLa and mouse L cells Cell extracts were prepared from uninfected and virus-infected cultures of HeLa or mouse L cells equilibrated to medium containing 0.6 mM-arginine. The reaction velocities of enzyme activity i ...
... Michaelis constant (K~) values for enzymes in uninfected and vaccinia virus-infected HeLa and mouse L cells Cell extracts were prepared from uninfected and virus-infected cultures of HeLa or mouse L cells equilibrated to medium containing 0.6 mM-arginine. The reaction velocities of enzyme activity i ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... stress of prolonged flight. The sprinting rabbit relies on breakdown of stored (liver) glycogen and anaerobic glycolysis for short-term production of ATP for muscle activity. The regulation of these two means of ATP production is very different. Under aerobic conditions (see answer to Problem 9), gl ...
... stress of prolonged flight. The sprinting rabbit relies on breakdown of stored (liver) glycogen and anaerobic glycolysis for short-term production of ATP for muscle activity. The regulation of these two means of ATP production is very different. Under aerobic conditions (see answer to Problem 9), gl ...
Document
... • Proteins are not linear structures, though they are built that way • The amino acids have very different chemical properties; they interact with each other after the protein is built • This causes the protein to start fold and adopting it’s functional structure • Proteins may fold in reaction to s ...
... • Proteins are not linear structures, though they are built that way • The amino acids have very different chemical properties; they interact with each other after the protein is built • This causes the protein to start fold and adopting it’s functional structure • Proteins may fold in reaction to s ...
lactate
... recovery: resynthesis of high energy phosphates, replenish oxygen in blood, body fluids, myoglobin, increased ventilation recovery is more rapid with passive recovery, exercise elevate metabolism and delay return to resting ...
... recovery: resynthesis of high energy phosphates, replenish oxygen in blood, body fluids, myoglobin, increased ventilation recovery is more rapid with passive recovery, exercise elevate metabolism and delay return to resting ...
Lecture 011, Respiration2 - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... >> Because when a compound accepts electrons it becomes reduced. When it gives away electrons it becomes oxidized. All right, so, this is reduced and this is--FADH2 is reduced. So, this comp--since they’re reduced they can afford to do, what, give electrons away and when they do they become oxidized ...
... >> Because when a compound accepts electrons it becomes reduced. When it gives away electrons it becomes oxidized. All right, so, this is reduced and this is--FADH2 is reduced. So, this comp--since they’re reduced they can afford to do, what, give electrons away and when they do they become oxidized ...
Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in prokaryotes
... protein ( ~ 6 x 104 molecules/cell). The acyl intermediates of fatty acid biosynthesis are bound to the protein through a thioester linkage to the terminal sulfhydryl of the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. The prosthetic group sulfhydryl is the only thiol group of ACP and is attached to the ...
... protein ( ~ 6 x 104 molecules/cell). The acyl intermediates of fatty acid biosynthesis are bound to the protein through a thioester linkage to the terminal sulfhydryl of the 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. The prosthetic group sulfhydryl is the only thiol group of ACP and is attached to the ...
Integration of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal
... Summary. In the adult, muscle metabolism represents a large drain of energetic substrates. The newborn has to provide additional energy to its muscles in order to ensure a rapid growth. However, since during the neonatal period the newborn is fed with a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet, i.e., milk, th ...
... Summary. In the adult, muscle metabolism represents a large drain of energetic substrates. The newborn has to provide additional energy to its muscles in order to ensure a rapid growth. However, since during the neonatal period the newborn is fed with a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet, i.e., milk, th ...
Chapter 10 Enzymes - Angelo State University
... General Characteristics of Enzymes • The catalytic behavior of proteins acting as enzymes is one of the most important functions that they perform in living cells. – Without catalysts, most cellular reactions would take place too slowly to support life. – With the exception of some RNA molecules, al ...
... General Characteristics of Enzymes • The catalytic behavior of proteins acting as enzymes is one of the most important functions that they perform in living cells. – Without catalysts, most cellular reactions would take place too slowly to support life. – With the exception of some RNA molecules, al ...
View PDF - e-Science Central
... applicable to oxidize various organic and inorganic compounds in different media [2-15]. The kinetics and mechanism of antitumor activity of platinum (IV) compounds can be understood by investigating the reactivity of these compounds toward their reduction by bio-reductants such as amino acids [5-15 ...
... applicable to oxidize various organic and inorganic compounds in different media [2-15]. The kinetics and mechanism of antitumor activity of platinum (IV) compounds can be understood by investigating the reactivity of these compounds toward their reduction by bio-reductants such as amino acids [5-15 ...
Metabolic oxidation regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation
... lobal gene-expression patterns of embryonic and adult stem cell populations have allowed the identification of important genes in stem cell biology. Parallel studies of epigenetic regulation have led to the discovery of a bivalent histone modification motif in embryonic stem cells (ESCs)1,2. At the ...
... lobal gene-expression patterns of embryonic and adult stem cell populations have allowed the identification of important genes in stem cell biology. Parallel studies of epigenetic regulation have led to the discovery of a bivalent histone modification motif in embryonic stem cells (ESCs)1,2. At the ...
757 (Agus Kurnia)ok
... High thermal stability of enzymes have attracted considerable research interest due to its widely used in biotechnological and industrial applications such as in food, petroleum, paper, and pulp industries (Haki & Rakshit 2003). Therefore, many attempts have been addressed to improve the enzyme stab ...
... High thermal stability of enzymes have attracted considerable research interest due to its widely used in biotechnological and industrial applications such as in food, petroleum, paper, and pulp industries (Haki & Rakshit 2003). Therefore, many attempts have been addressed to improve the enzyme stab ...
One Hundred Years of Peptide Chemistry
... Others: Actinomycin belongs to a class of chromopeptides and is characterized by its cytostatic growth inhibition in tumors and for antibacterial action. The cyclic despipeptides, destruxins act as insecticides whereas bialaphos (phosphinotricylalanyl alanine) has a strong herbicidal action. Peptide ...
... Others: Actinomycin belongs to a class of chromopeptides and is characterized by its cytostatic growth inhibition in tumors and for antibacterial action. The cyclic despipeptides, destruxins act as insecticides whereas bialaphos (phosphinotricylalanyl alanine) has a strong herbicidal action. Peptide ...
The Action of Chloramphenicol on Protein and Nucleic Acid
... necessary enzymes, which,presumably are protein in nature. Thus any specific inhibition of protein synthesis, in the absence of an effect on the activity of existing enzyme protein, might be expected t o produce a result similar to that reported in Fig. 2. That this effect was not observed by Wissem ...
... necessary enzymes, which,presumably are protein in nature. Thus any specific inhibition of protein synthesis, in the absence of an effect on the activity of existing enzyme protein, might be expected t o produce a result similar to that reported in Fig. 2. That this effect was not observed by Wissem ...
Examination #2 1) Which of the following is not one of the four major
... 13) Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are an important constituent of cell membranes. C) They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. D) Only A and B are correct. E ...
... 13) Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are an important constituent of cell membranes. C) They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. D) Only A and B are correct. E ...
Word
... pyridoxine or PN, pyridoxamine or PM and their 5'-phosphate forms). Enzymes utilizing PLP as ...
... pyridoxine or PN, pyridoxamine or PM and their 5'-phosphate forms). Enzymes utilizing PLP as ...
(18 , 19)
... Ammonia is disposed of primarily by formation of urea in the liver The level of ammonia in blood must be kept very low Slightly elevated concentrations ( hyperammonemia) are toxic to CNS • There must be a mechanism by which Ammonia is moved from peripheral tissues to the liver for disposal as ur ...
... Ammonia is disposed of primarily by formation of urea in the liver The level of ammonia in blood must be kept very low Slightly elevated concentrations ( hyperammonemia) are toxic to CNS • There must be a mechanism by which Ammonia is moved from peripheral tissues to the liver for disposal as ur ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.