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Use of wheat gene resources with different grain colour in breeding
Use of wheat gene resources with different grain colour in breeding

... when during Maillard reaction chemical changes occur. These new compounds can have a differerent influence on health compared to the original compounds. Production and processing technology will have to be adapted in order to conserve and use best these natural substances. An alternative technology ...
Gill: Gene Regulation II
Gill: Gene Regulation II

... • Transcription factors can bind key genomic sites, preventing/repelling the binding of – The RNA polymerase machinery – Activating transcription factors (including via competitive binding) • Some transcription factors have stereotypical roles as activators or repressors. Likely many can do both (in ...
iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Russell/Bose)
iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Russell/Bose)

... Answer: Comparing mutants with normal cells gives us an idea as to which life process has been affected. This helps us locate the mutated gene in the specific biochemical pathway for that particular process. Skill: Conceptual understanding ...
Elucidating the Role of Gonadal Hormones in Sexually
Elucidating the Role of Gonadal Hormones in Sexually

... high variance across the BXH 䡠 ApoE⫺/⫺ F2 mouse population. Gene expression data from mice with complete genotype data and at least 95% complete phenotype and array data were used. We used the general framework of weighted gene coexpression network analysis presented in the study by Zhang and Horvat ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... inherited in non-Mendelian ways. These, however, are exceptions to the letter rather than the spirit of Mendel's laws. In some cases, even the spirit of Mendel's laws is violated, due to phenomena unknown for many decades after the rediscovery of Mendel's work. Often some forms ofa gene (alleles) ar ...
Genetic data indicate that proteins containing the GGDEF domain
Genetic data indicate that proteins containing the GGDEF domain

... pYhcK £occulated heavily (Fig. 3B,C). Strong £uorescence was observed in and around these aggregates in the microscope after staining with Calco£uor (data not shown). Plasmid pYhcK caused the strongest aggregation in the liquid culture (Fig. 3C). These results support the data presented by Amikam an ...
Télécharger - Options Méditerranéennes
Télécharger - Options Méditerranéennes

... Co-location of QTLs along with CGs putatively related to plant response to adverse environmental conditions has been found in our preliminary analyses. Complementary validation experiments should be conducted to confirm the actual involvement of a co-segregating CG in the trait variation, including ...
Disruption of an N-acetyltransferase gene in the
Disruption of an N-acetyltransferase gene in the

... in C1 and C8 appeared specific to Dazao, as mln shared the same genotype at these sites with another wild-type strain, Jingsong. We also detected an insertion in C7 of mln but not Dazao, but this mutation was found not to be mln specific after more wild-type and ...
20.GeneticsSpg08 - Napa Valley College
20.GeneticsSpg08 - Napa Valley College

... Recessive allele – in a heterozygous individual, a trait that is completely masked by the expression of the dominant allele ...
A rough guide to Drosophila mating schemes (light version 2.1) 1
A rough guide to Drosophila mating schemes (light version 2.1) 1

... from which adult flies are expected to eclose. To start the selection procedure, discard all flies from the vial and thoroughly check that all eclosed flies (including those that transiently stick to the food or walls) have been removed or otherwise eliminated. The key rationale of this procedure is ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... - has own origin of replication (ori) - carries genes/insert genes at the polylinker region - called vectors when used in genetic engineering… ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute

... cells all the time. These continually expressed genes are called constitutive genes.  Other genes are only needed by certain cells or at specific times. The expression of these inducible genes is tightly controlled.  For example, pancreas beta cells make the protein insulin by expressing the insul ...
Genome-Wide Dissection of Hybrid Sterility in
Genome-Wide Dissection of Hybrid Sterility in

... to a threshold character whose developmental reaction norm is disrupted by the genomic stress elicited in hybridization. Evidence accumulated during several decades of research (Cabot et al. 1994; Moyle and Nakazato 2009; Chang et al. 2010; Nosil and Schluter 2011) has reached a point of minimum con ...
Gene as the unit of genetic material - E
Gene as the unit of genetic material - E

...  These genes code for many RNA and protein involved in gene expression for the function photosynthesis. Mitochondrial DNA: ...
A Resurrection of B Chromosomes?
A Resurrection of B Chromosomes?

... was used for Agrobacterium-mediated or biolistic transformation of immature maize embryos. Because sequence targeting by homologous recombination is inefficient in seed plants (Reiss, 2003), a targeted introgression of cloned telomeres as used in mammals (Lim and Farr, 2004) was not yet possible. Th ...
here
here

... Cond1 columnXofInput: contains data for one of the biological replicates of condition 1, as submitted by the user and contained in column X of the input file. For every biological replicate of condition 1 submitted a column of this type will appear. Only present in analyses of absolute level based d ...
The viriosphere, diversity, and genetic exchange within phage
The viriosphere, diversity, and genetic exchange within phage

... are becoming routine [18]. Pulse field gel electrophoresis is a culture-independent approach that has been used to examine how diverse the genome sizes of the dominant members of virioplankton communities are. The studies have shown substantial temporal and spatial changes in genome sizes [19–22], w ...
Rate of Gene Transfer From Mitochondria to Nucleus
Rate of Gene Transfer From Mitochondria to Nucleus

... Endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated as bacterial intracellular symbionts, the size of the mitochondrial genome gradually reducing over a long period owing to, among other things, gene transfer from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Such gene transfer was observed in more genes in ...
Ascorbate peroxidaserelated (APxR) is a new
Ascorbate peroxidaserelated (APxR) is a new

... characterized a new class of putative heme peroxidases, called ascorbate peroxidase-related (APx-R), which arose specifically in the lineage of plants. • The APx-R protein is structurally related to the ascorbate peroxidases, although the active site contains many conserved substitutions. Unlike all ...
Chromosome Tutorial
Chromosome Tutorial

RNA-Mediated Programming of Developmental
RNA-Mediated Programming of Developmental

... transgene was injected either as a circular or linearized plasmid or as a minichromosome capped with telomeres (see Materials and Methods). DNA was extracted from transformed clones maintaining various transgene copy numbers, and aliquots of the cultures were starved to induce autogamy, a self-ferti ...
Molecular Evolution of the Endosperm Starch Synthesis Pathway
Molecular Evolution of the Endosperm Starch Synthesis Pathway

... the roles of various forces of evolution, such as selection and drift, in shaping patterns of genetic variation (Clegg 1997). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand their relative roles in evolution (Wright and Gaut 2005; Ramos-Onsins et al. 2008). However, most of this work focuses on i ...
What Are Chromosomes?
What Are Chromosomes?

... disrupt and re-form nucleosomes, although, in principle, the same complex might catalyze both reactions. The DNA-binding proteins could function in gene expression, DNA replication, or DNA repair, and in some cases their binding could lead to the dissociation of the histone core to form nucleosome5/ ...
Systems and synthetic biology approaches to alter plant cell walls
Systems and synthetic biology approaches to alter plant cell walls

... walls and between plant groups. The subunit components or in some cases, full-length backbones are synthesized in ER–Golgi and secreted via trans-Golgi network to plasma membrane, the site of integration, and ultimately deposited in the cell walls. There are comprehensive reviews of the biosynthesis ...
appendix 1 – simple nomenclature
appendix 1 – simple nomenclature

... inconsistent   with   how   you   develop   your   symbols.     During   your   study   period   and   when   you’re   practicing  genetics  problems,  be  thoughtful  about  the  gene  names  you  choose.   Let’s  always  choose  a  lette ...
< 1 ... 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 ... 555 >

Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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