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123 Author`s personal copy
123 Author`s personal copy

... Various explanations of partial linkage were given.11 I will only present Morgan’s explanation, which finally prevailed. It consists of a double hypothesis. First, one assumes the existence of “linkage groups”, that is, groups of genes that are linked together in some way, and therefore tend to be in ...
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice

... or the phenotype rendered due to mutant or allelic forms of this gene. The locus designator consists of one to three digits and differentiates a gene at a particular locus from genes at other loci that confer a similar function or phenotype. The number used as the locus designator indicates the orde ...
REVIEW Why Do Bacterial Plasmids Carry Some Genes and Not
REVIEW Why Do Bacterial Plasmids Carry Some Genes and Not

... Bacterial genesmove between plasmids and analysesat three higher levels of reproduction: chromosomes (Rowbury, 1977; Hart1 and plasmids vs chromosomes within cells; cells Dykhuizen, 1984),as well as from one plasmid that do or do not have plasmids in addition to another (Godwin and Slater, 1979; Bro ...
Enhanced Detection of Longer Insertions and Deletions in Clinical
Enhanced Detection of Longer Insertions and Deletions in Clinical

... found in the human genome and substantial amount of research, such as that by the International HapMap Consortium, has been focused on accurately mapping and identifying SNVs for human genetic variation studies [8]. However, in spite of being the second most common type of genomic alterations [9], i ...
Microarrays: The Future of Prenatal Genetic Testing
Microarrays: The Future of Prenatal Genetic Testing

...  A microarray is a “lab-on-a-chip”  Can be used to study  gene expression  single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)  whole genome comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) ...
Genetics of Bacteriophage P22. II. Gene Order and Gene Function.
Genetics of Bacteriophage P22. II. Gene Order and Gene Function.

... The method tests each mutant pair twice, once with each mutant in the background; both of these tests should agree. Growth in the test can be misleading, since intragenic recombination frequencies in some genes can be as high as 10 %. Complementation in liquid culture. These tests are carried out be ...
H4K20me1 Contributes to Downregulation of X
H4K20me1 Contributes to Downregulation of X

... (Figure 2A and Figure S1). This is consistent with reports showing that in other organisms, H4K20me1 is present at high levels in mitosis and has a role in chromosome condensation [16]. At around the 30-cell stage, DPY-27 became localized to subregions of each nucleus that have been shown to be the ...
Patterns of gene action in plant development revealed by enhancer
Patterns of gene action in plant development revealed by enhancer

... gene construct that can respond to cis-acting transcriptional signals at the site of insertion. These elements permit the identification of genes by their pattern of expression and their subsequent cloning using the inserted element as a tag. A particularly useful aspect of this technology is that i ...
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein

... melanogaster, and comparing the result with the known D. simulans assemblies (KS= 0.10 for iterative mapping vs KS=0.12 for the true assembly), and while bias probably remains, it is unlikely to spuriously elevate the inferred rates of one class of genes relative to the other. More generally, our ap ...
515-527 - CiteSeerX
515-527 - CiteSeerX

... mutant form; (ii) the combination of floral homeotic gene activities present in any particular whorl specifies the type of organ that develops in that whorl, e.g., A class alone specifies sepals, classes A + Β specify petals, classes Β + C specify stamens, and C class alone specifies carpels; and (i ...
association study of 37 genes suggests involvement of DDC
association study of 37 genes suggests involvement of DDC

... compulsive behaviours (Nikolov et al. 2006). And third, neuroimaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) have shown abnormal asymmetry of serotonin synthesis in frontal, temporal and parietal cortex in autistic individuals compared to controls (Chandana et al. 2005). In addition, the dop ...
PDF
PDF

... 2000). The crystal structure of Npc2 has been determined and found to contain a cavity that genetic analyses show to be the likely binding site for cholesterol (Friedland et al., 2003; Ko et al., 2003). Npc2 may serve as a lysosomal cholesterol transporter, rapidly transporting cholesterol to accept ...
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light

... The COR gene encodes a protein with a Zn binding motif and a domain homologous to the p subunit of trimeric G-proteins (Deng et al., 1992). This nove1 structure suggests that the COR gene product not only has the potential to directly bind DNA through its Zn binding domain, it may also have the abil ...
Structural changes following the reversal of a Y chromosome to an
Structural changes following the reversal of a Y chromosome to an

... following a Y chromosome reversal, we investigated an autosome-Y translocation in a wellstudied and tractable organism, Drosophila pseudoobscura. About 10-15 Mya, the ancestral Y chromosome fused to a small autosome (the dot chromosome) in an ancestor of D. pseudoobscura. We used single molecule rea ...
Temperate and lytic bacteriophages programmed to sensitize and
Temperate and lytic bacteriophages programmed to sensitize and

... and that the population of sensitized bacteria may be enriched by lytic phages. To simulate treatments that could be applied on hospital surfaces or skin flora, we cultured bacteria harboring control-, ctx-M-15–, or ndm1-encoding plasmids. We then treated these cultures by adding either the lysogeni ...
Slide - Gerstein Lab
Slide - Gerstein Lab

... • One idea for a definition? Bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of physical-chemistry) and then applying “informatics” techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied math, CS, and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with ...
Patient with syndromic cleft lip-palate, mosaic karyotype and
Patient with syndromic cleft lip-palate, mosaic karyotype and

... Objective. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a common congenital abnormality involving genetic and non-genetic factors in its etiology. Although many studies have been made to find the genetic pattern of this malformation, there is still no precise answer. There have been suggested sev ...
Gene Duplication - Semantic Scholar
Gene Duplication - Semantic Scholar

... duplication  is  the  primary  source  of  new  genes  in  evolution,  and  duplicate  genes  form  gene  families  that  are  abundantly  found  in almost  all  genomes.  For  these  reasons,  gene  duplication  has  been  a  main  focus  of  molecular  evolutionary  study  for  decades. Recent  ye ...
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Tumor Suppressor Genes

Horner VL, Caspary T. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;770:313-36. Creating a hopeful monster: mouse forward genetic screens.
Horner VL, Caspary T. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;770:313-36. Creating a hopeful monster: mouse forward genetic screens.

... mutant alleles (1). Several international projects are underway to produce null alleles of every gene in the mouse genome, so that gene function can be inferred from the resulting phenotype (2, 3). Such a “reverse genetics” approach will provide valuable resources to the mouse community and fill man ...
View/Open
View/Open

... With the discovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance in the mid nineties, phenotypic studies using biparental segregating populations have identified a large number of major genes in crop species. Subsequently, linkage studies have helped to map genes encoding phenotypes on chromosomes and assigned th ...
A MIAME-compliant Microarray Database
A MIAME-compliant Microarray Database

... GFP fusions • In the first experiment, they found some genes regulated by addition of GA-4 • They made GFP fusions to three of these genes ...
Chpt9_Transposition.doc
Chpt9_Transposition.doc

... Indeed, some viruses may be derived from natural transposable elements and vice versa. Since viruses move between individuals, at least some transposable elements can move between genomes (between individuals) as well as within an individual’s genome. Given their prevalence in genomes, the function ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
FEMS Microbiology Letters

... that pyruvate:NADP‡ oxidoreductase (PNO) in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis evolved by linking a homodimeric PFO and a £avoenzyme by gene fusion [19]. 3.4. nifJ is expressed in aerobically grown cyanobacteria under non-Fe-limitation Two pairs of speci¢c primers were developed for nifJ from Synechoc ...
publication
publication

... Informatics database map and the Davis Human/Mouse homology map have been made by identifying human orthologs to mapped mouse genes (8). Detailed characterizations of disease regions are increasingly being done through mouse–human genomic comparisons aimed at identifying novel genes and regulatory e ...
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Minimal genome

The concept of minimal genome assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism with the smallest known genome. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed.
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