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TWO TYPES OF TRAITS
TWO TYPES OF TRAITS

... Heritability can range from 0.0 to 1.0 If H = 0.0 it means that all of the variability observed in a trait in a given population is due to environmental differences experienced by the individuals If H = 1.0 it means that all of the differences are due to genetic differences among the people For mos ...
PSY 226 Nature_Nurture_Mahoney_revised_9_9_2015
PSY 226 Nature_Nurture_Mahoney_revised_9_9_2015

... “The only adoption study that would avoid such [problems] would be one in which adoptees were randomly assigned to parents, with both groups blind to the treatment (i.e., not knowing whether they were adopted or not) – all while prenatal environment was held constant. In other words, it is an imposs ...
Identical Versus Fraternal Twins
Identical Versus Fraternal Twins

... = the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes. ...
Variation Lecture
Variation Lecture

... of genetic variation, reproduction and inheritance, and natural selection and time. ...
The Human Genome, then begin Quantitative Genetics
The Human Genome, then begin Quantitative Genetics

... b. Second Note: some discrete traits are polygenic as well 3. From environmental influence only: in this case there is no genetic underpinning for the trait. B. Contributors to the phenotypic variation (VP) seen in quantitative traits 1. Genes: genetic variance, or VG 2. Environment: environmental v ...
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior

... •Twins who developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms •Called monozygotic twins Fraternal Twins ...
Document
Document

... Heritability can range from 0.0 to 1.0 If H = 0.0 it means that all of the variability observed in a trait in a given population is due to environmental differences experienced by the individuals If H = 1.0 it means that all of the differences are due to genetic differences among the people For mos ...
Chapter 5 Power Point Slides
Chapter 5 Power Point Slides

... for genes that control intelligence  IQ test scores can’t be equated with intelligence • Relative contributions of genetics, environment, social and cultural influences can’t be measured ...
The Inheritance of Complex Traits
The Inheritance of Complex Traits

... for genes that control intelligence  IQ test scores can’t be equated with intelligence • Relative contributions of genetics, environment, social and cultural influences can’t be measured ...
Human Development Fall 2011 Daily Questions Genetic Bases of
Human Development Fall 2011 Daily Questions Genetic Bases of

... Genetic Bases of Development 26. What does this say about the heritability of each of these traits? 27. What is a confound? What’s a possible confound in twin studies (the ones where identical twins ...
Eric Turkheimer
Eric Turkheimer

... and tested people raised in poverty whom I knew from observation had suppressed IQs because of their poverty.” Turkheimer’s study differed from previous twin IQ studies in two important ways. First, he identified a data source comprised of over 600 twin pairs, of which a substantial proportion ...
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences

... Adoptees tend to have more similar personality traits to their birth parents than to their adoptive families Furthermore, siblings (biologically related or not) do not tend to show the same personality traits. But, children (adopted or not) tend to show similar attitudes, values, morals, political t ...
Slides Return to Pedigree Studies Dalton Conley MIP
Slides Return to Pedigree Studies Dalton Conley MIP

... Framingham Heart Study: vGWAS of Sibling SD in Height ...
nature and nurture in psychology
nature and nurture in psychology

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Word document

... that came later? What dates are associated with the major fossil hominids? Where were the Australopithecines found? How are human feet different from those of other hominids? What assumptions must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Name four processes that can change gene f ...
46 chromosomes: 23 from each parent
46 chromosomes: 23 from each parent

... Canalization Principle (Waddington, 1966): genes can limit development to a small number of outcomes.  infant babbling is mostly genetic for the first 10 months or so  sometimes environmental influences over-ride genetic endowment (e.g. ducks preferring chicken calls) Range-of-Reaction Principle: ...
Genetics
Genetics

... members with the degree of similarity in personality trait.  If a trait is highly heritable, family members with greater genetic relatedness should be more similar to one another on the trait than family members who are less closely genetically related.  Problem: Members of a family who share the ...
PowerPoint Presentation - The Genetics of Behavior
PowerPoint Presentation - The Genetics of Behavior

... a particular group living in an particular environment. Heritability estimates do not apply to individuals, only to variations within a group. Even highly heritable traits can be modified by the environment. ...
Chapter 14 – Key Terms
Chapter 14 – Key Terms

... Activity – temperament that affects the vigor or intensity of responses; also refers to individual differences on a dimension that ranges from hyperactivity to extreme inactivity (p. 327) Behavior genetics – study of the role of genes in social behavior and personality (p. 323) Dizygotic twins – fra ...
Where Do Your Genes Comes From? Methods for Studying
Where Do Your Genes Comes From? Methods for Studying

... • There are different forms of most genetic instructions & it is the combination of instructions you receive from parents that determines your visible traits. ...
Genetics and Behavior Principles of Gene Action and Heredity
Genetics and Behavior Principles of Gene Action and Heredity

... environment combine to influence organism’s development – Variations in environment can have large effects on development of phenotype – Gene-environment interaction is a two-way process – Genetic factors play a role in the environments that individuals inhabit and how they shape their environments ...
Understanding Heritability and Epigenetics
Understanding Heritability and Epigenetics

... Francis Galton, who was Charles Darwin's cousin. Heritability is a group statistic that makes no sense when applied to one person. Heritability is the extent to which differences in the appearance of a trait across several people can be accounted for by differences in their genes. Heritability does ...
Example
Example

... and their adoptive parents, or adopted children and their genetic parents ...
Quantitative genetics
Quantitative genetics

... Twin studies – Environmental relatedness? • Monochorionic (2/3 MZ), dichorionic (1/3 MZ, all DZ) ...
M3 - Mr. Haley
M3 - Mr. Haley

... Fraternal Twins • Twins who developed from separate eggs; the are genetically no more similar than other siblings, but they share a fetal environment • Called dizygotic twins ...
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Heritability of IQ

Research on heritability of IQ infers from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population. This provides a maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in IQ in that population. ""Heritability"", in this sense, ""refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment"". There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait. However, certain single gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence, with phenylketonuria as an example.Estimates in the academic research of the heritability of IQ have varied from below 0.5 to a high of 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their IQs are completely uncorrelated). Some studies have found that heritability is lower in families of low socioeconomic status. IQ heritability increases during early childhood, but it is unclear whether it stabilizes thereafter. A 1996 statement by the American Psychological Association gave about 0.45 for children and about .75 during and after adolescence. A 2004 meta-analysis of reports in Current Directions in Psychological Science gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older. The general figure for heritability of IQ is about 0.5 across multiple studies in varying populations. Recent studies suggest that family environment (i.e., upbringing) has negligible long-lasting effects upon adult IQ.
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