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Human genome study reveals certain genes are less essential than
Human genome study reveals certain genes are less essential than

... The finding has astonished researchers because it was thought that all the 20,000 or so genes that make up the human genome must be essential for life. However, it may be that some genes are dispensable because of some kind of built-in redundancy to the human genome. Until now, scientists have tende ...
Chapter 2 need to know
Chapter 2 need to know

... • Cause: Recessive gene (victims are homozygous, but heterozygous subjects are also mildly affected) • Traits: Abnormal blood cells cause circulatory problems (e.g., heart enlargement) and severe anemia • Incidence: 8-9% of U.S. blacks • Outlook: Crippling, but treatable with medication ...
Mutations and Selective Advantage
Mutations and Selective Advantage

... You and your classmates are all the same species, but clearly there is a great deal of variety among the individual members of your species in your class. Why? How does this variation arise? The answer is in your genes. Through sexual reproduction, parents pass on genes to their offspring. The numbe ...
Heredity - Appoquinimink High School
Heredity - Appoquinimink High School

... • Gregor Mendel 1822 – 1884 was a priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. Mendel showed that the inheritance of these traits follows particular laws. ...
The Evolution of Populations The Evolution of Populations
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... 1) Genetic variation: Individuals within a species differ from each other 2) Inheritance: Offspring are similar to their parents 3) Excess of reproduction: More offspring are generally produced than those to survive to maturity. Factors like predation, disease and competition take place 4) Populatio ...
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Computer modeling of genetic drift

... Joined later by a few additional settlers from England ...
Campbell Chapter 23 - California Science Teacher
Campbell Chapter 23 - California Science Teacher

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`next` – natural selection – Read

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Agents of Evolutionary Change I. What is Evolution? I. What is

... 5. Mutation is the only way new variations can be produced. 6. Since mutation occurs so infrequently at any particular locus, it would rarely have an effect on allele frequencies. 7. Most mutations are "hidden" as recessive alleles. example: About 1 in in 12,000 babies carry the homozygous form of t ...
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PHYSpopgenetics

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Agents of Evolutionary Change
Agents of Evolutionary Change

... 5. Mutation is the only way new variations can be produced. 6. Since mutation occurs so infrequently at any particular locus, it would rarely have an effect on allele frequencies. 7. Most mutations are "hidden" as recessive alleles. example: About 1 in in 12,000 babies carry the homozygous form of t ...
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Evolution Exam Review

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INTERVIEW WITH RICHARD LEWONTIN edited transcript Richard

... Asians, North Americans, Austro-Asians, and so on. And only about - well, I estimated 7% of all of human genetic variation could be ascribed to differences between groups, between major races. Anyway, about 75% of all the genes [come in only one form and] are identical in everybody. So there’s very ...
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Study Guide for the LS

... the same characteristic are inherited (for example rr or bb)  phenotype: an organism’s inherited physical appearance (blue eyes, tall, curly hair)  genotype: the inherited combination of alleles (BB, Tt)  DNA: hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell  probability: the mathe ...
Behavioral genetics
Behavioral genetics

...  Collection of mental disorders  Many symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, changed behavior  Genes associated with schizophrenia found on X chromosome and other autosomes  Also possible environmental component ...
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Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing - EMGO Institute for Health and

... • Advances in genomics are discovering new genes that cause disease or increase its risk • Genetic testing traditionally confined to specialist medical services focusing on relatively rare inherited diseases • Common, complex disorders are usually the result of variation in many genes acting togethe ...
Microevolution and Macroevolution
Microevolution and Macroevolution

...  Due to migration of breeding individuals from one population to another  Isolated populations tend to be different from surrounding populations – increased gene flow changes this:  Makes the population internally more varied  Makes the population less varied from other populations ...
Agents of Evolutionary Change
Agents of Evolutionary Change

... Genetic Drift The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not hold for small or medium populations Genetic drift is the phenomenon by which allele (genetic traits) frequencies in a population change as a result of RANDOM events or CHANCE In a small population the FAILURE or GREATER THAN NORMAL RATE of o ...
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Microevolution

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Mendel Random? - The Differential Club
Mendel Random? - The Differential Club

... reviewed evidence on the putative detrimental effects of cousin marriages on offspring health, something of personal interest to him as he was the product of such a union (G.H. Darwin, 1875). He concluded by reviewing the most comprehensive studies of the issue and described what maybe the first pre ...
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GENETIC TERMINOLOGY

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Heritability of IQ

Research on heritability of IQ infers from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population. This provides a maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in IQ in that population. ""Heritability"", in this sense, ""refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment"". There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait. However, certain single gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence, with phenylketonuria as an example.Estimates in the academic research of the heritability of IQ have varied from below 0.5 to a high of 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their IQs are completely uncorrelated). Some studies have found that heritability is lower in families of low socioeconomic status. IQ heritability increases during early childhood, but it is unclear whether it stabilizes thereafter. A 1996 statement by the American Psychological Association gave about 0.45 for children and about .75 during and after adolescence. A 2004 meta-analysis of reports in Current Directions in Psychological Science gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older. The general figure for heritability of IQ is about 0.5 across multiple studies in varying populations. Recent studies suggest that family environment (i.e., upbringing) has negligible long-lasting effects upon adult IQ.
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