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Human Origins Day!!
Human Origins Day!!

... • Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England ...
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Genetic Variability and allele frequencies Schistosomiasis – human

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5 articles- designer babies

... conception for an enormous range of attributes, such as how tall they're likely to be, what body type they will have, their hair and eye color, what sorts of illnesses they will be naturally resistant to, and even, conceivably, their IQ and personality type. In fact, if gene therapy lives up to its ...
Gregor Mendel (1822-1844) & the Foundations of Genetics
Gregor Mendel (1822-1844) & the Foundations of Genetics

... • Chromosomes can be duplicated, portions can be translocated to a different chromosome or inverted on the same, or deleted • Usually has profound consequences - sterility or worse • Common, e.g. Down’s syndrome 1:700 births • Major mode of ‘instantaneous’ speciation in selffertilizing or inbreeding ...
Genetics Notes - WasmundScience
Genetics Notes - WasmundScience

... -seldom survive more than 1-2 years Most genetic disorders in humans are caused by single allele mutations Recessive Genetic Disorders *all alleles are passed on even if not expressed – these alleles remain in the gene pool *recessive disorders are not as common as you must have two recessive allele ...
non-disclosure testing - Reproductive Genetic Innovations
non-disclosure testing - Reproductive Genetic Innovations

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Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
Population Genetics and the Hardy-Weinberg Equation

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II-10 to II-16

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Novel variation associated with species range expansion | BMC
Novel variation associated with species range expansion | BMC

... Waddington in the 1940s, which proposes that exposure to a novel environment causes the expression of previously hidden genetic variation, which is then “assimilated” and expressed even in the absence of the novel environmental stimulus [8,9]. Such a process could underlie the appearance of butterfl ...
Genetics of blood groups: AB0, Rh, MNSs. Codominance. Multiple
Genetics of blood groups: AB0, Rh, MNSs. Codominance. Multiple

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Big Idea 5: Evolution
Big Idea 5: Evolution

Exporter la page en pdf
Exporter la page en pdf

... Whole genome duplications (WGD) have now been firmly established in all major eukaryotic kingdoms. In particular, all vertebrates descend from two rounds of WGDs, that occurred in their jawless ancestor some 500 MY ago. Paralogs retained from WGD, also coined ‘ohnologs’ after Susumu Ohno, have been s ...
Evolution
Evolution

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What is a Genetic Counsellor? - Scheid Signalling Lab @ York

... • Carrier testing is used to identify people who carry one copy of a gene mutation that, when present in two copies, causes a genetic disorder. • Offered to individuals who have a family history of a genetic disorder & to people in ethnic groups with an increased risk of specific genetic conditions. ...
Speciation
Speciation

... • “Suppose now that for some reason or other there is a complete geographic separation between parts of the species range. Gene flow from the other parts of the range stops, and the separated populations evolve to suit their new, restricted environment. This encourages the genetic divergence of the ...
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The canine melanophilin gene polymorphisms in Slovakian Rough

... The domestic dogs has been bred for many purposes during the thousands of years and the creation of modern breeds started around 200 years ago. The selection of certain animals has been based mainly on few founders and breeding strategies that included strong selection criteria, popular sire or back ...
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... variants to become more common or less common depending on their reproductive success, it is not the only evolutionary force. Its counterpart, random genetic drift, may cause favorable gene variants to disappear completely. A biological application of evolutionary graph theory can be found in cancer ...
A Socratic Method for Surveying Students` Readiness to Study
A Socratic Method for Surveying Students` Readiness to Study

... turning genes on or off during differentiation from the zygote onward, as well as the day-to-day activity of genes in response to metabolic, homeo­ static, and other adaptational needs. A few characters acquired during the life of an individual by epigenetic mechanisms may be transmitted from parent ...
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Read More - British Sociological Association

... publicly. “Scientists are reluctant to admit the uncertainties that accompany complexity,” the study says. The study also says that although scientists are opposed to genetic psychiatric testing, they have not given up the idea that genes play an important role in psychiatric disorders. By saying th ...
Gene
Gene

... • Considered to be the father of modern Genetics • Used pea plants to demonstrate how certain characteristics were passed through generations – Seed shape, seed color, flower color, pod shape, pod color, and stem height ...
HW20PolygenicEvo2014
HW20PolygenicEvo2014

... Biological evolution is defined as a change in gene frequency over time. We can measure this change for simple dominant and recessive traits using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, most traits are not based on simple dominant and recessive relationships—most are dependent upon more than one g ...
DISPERSAL, GENE FLOW, AND ISOLATION
DISPERSAL, GENE FLOW, AND ISOLATION

... The "private alleles" technique provides an alternative approach to estimating Nm (Slatkin 1985b); however, this technique requires a sufficient number of private alleles (alleles that occur in only one deme) and reasonably large sample sizes to obtain unbiased estimates. The method is based on the ...
Annexure `AAB-CD-01` L T P/S SW/FW TOTAL CREDIT UNITS 3 0 2
Annexure `AAB-CD-01` L T P/S SW/FW TOTAL CREDIT UNITS 3 0 2

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Examples
Examples

... • Traits carried on the X chromosome – Who will show more X-linked disorders, males or females? Why? • Males – b/c they only have one X (XY) so it doesn’t matter if trait is dominant or recessive – Examples: • Colorblindness – carried on X-chromosome • Hemophilia – impaired blood clotting ...
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Human genetic variation



Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.
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