Genetic diversity and epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic
... have a common viral ancestral lineage. Comparisons of multiple isolates from the same site provided epidemiological insights into viral transmission patterns and indicated that viral evolution, viral introduction, and genetic stasis were the mechanisms involved with IHN virus population dynamics in ...
... have a common viral ancestral lineage. Comparisons of multiple isolates from the same site provided epidemiological insights into viral transmission patterns and indicated that viral evolution, viral introduction, and genetic stasis were the mechanisms involved with IHN virus population dynamics in ...
Methods Five 1536-SNP GoldenGate assays (Fig. 1) Three pilot
... University Genomics Institute) and Alan Schulman (University of Helsinki). For pairwise genotype comparisons, a SNP was accepted only if there were at least two sequences from each genotype and no disagreement at the SNP position between opposite strands from a single clone. A base call was used onl ...
... University Genomics Institute) and Alan Schulman (University of Helsinki). For pairwise genotype comparisons, a SNP was accepted only if there were at least two sequences from each genotype and no disagreement at the SNP position between opposite strands from a single clone. A base call was used onl ...
Mutation - FSU Biology
... swamping out small differences in fitness. However, when N is large, even tiny differences in fitness reliably discriminate higher and lower fitness variants. Mutation-accumulation experiments are therefore designed to maximize the impact of drift, either by making N as small as possible, or by equa ...
... swamping out small differences in fitness. However, when N is large, even tiny differences in fitness reliably discriminate higher and lower fitness variants. Mutation-accumulation experiments are therefore designed to maximize the impact of drift, either by making N as small as possible, or by equa ...
Automata-based adaptive behavior for economic modeling using
... where the limit is computed in the topology of Treves. 4. Genetic automata as efficient operators We define the chromosome for each automata with multiplicities as the sequence of all the matrices associated to each letter from the (linearly ordered) alphabet. The chromosomes are composed with allel ...
... where the limit is computed in the topology of Treves. 4. Genetic automata as efficient operators We define the chromosome for each automata with multiplicities as the sequence of all the matrices associated to each letter from the (linearly ordered) alphabet. The chromosomes are composed with allel ...
Chapter 5 Gases - Saint Demetrios Astoria School
... • Chromosome changes in evolution – Most major alterations are harmful or lethal in humans ...
... • Chromosome changes in evolution – Most major alterations are harmful or lethal in humans ...
Two Linked Blood Pressure Quantitative Trait Loci on
... in this human region with a comparable mouse region that clearly lies between the rat BP QTL 1 and QTL 2. This region includes GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), which is in a human BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) contig with D17S934; the two loci are ⬇64 kb apart. Note, however, that two ...
... in this human region with a comparable mouse region that clearly lies between the rat BP QTL 1 and QTL 2. This region includes GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), which is in a human BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) contig with D17S934; the two loci are ⬇64 kb apart. Note, however, that two ...
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress
... have been described (Thibault et al. 2004). These lines probably do not represent a completely random collection of insertions, because some lines disrupting major hotspots appear to have been culled by Exelixis. However, we found many cases where at least two lines bearing identical piggyBac insert ...
... have been described (Thibault et al. 2004). These lines probably do not represent a completely random collection of insertions, because some lines disrupting major hotspots appear to have been culled by Exelixis. However, we found many cases where at least two lines bearing identical piggyBac insert ...
A Computational Model of Symbiotic Composition in
... Allopolyploidy (having chromosome sets from different species) (Werth et al. 1985) is also a form of composition; limited only in the sense that it usually occurs between closely related species. However, these mechanisms do not provide a clear hierarchical model moving through many successive level ...
... Allopolyploidy (having chromosome sets from different species) (Werth et al. 1985) is also a form of composition; limited only in the sense that it usually occurs between closely related species. However, these mechanisms do not provide a clear hierarchical model moving through many successive level ...
Genetics and You - Cleft Palate Foundation
... gene, one inherited from the father and one from the mother. Due to the large number of genes involved in inheritance, and because parents pass on to their children only one copy of each gene, no two children in the same family have exactly the same genetic make up (except identical twins). Each ind ...
... gene, one inherited from the father and one from the mother. Due to the large number of genes involved in inheritance, and because parents pass on to their children only one copy of each gene, no two children in the same family have exactly the same genetic make up (except identical twins). Each ind ...
QuantGen posted
... Uses of heritability • The degree to which offspring resemble their parents is determined by the narrow-sense heritability h2 • The efficacy of natural and artificial selection is also determined by h2 ...
... Uses of heritability • The degree to which offspring resemble their parents is determined by the narrow-sense heritability h2 • The efficacy of natural and artificial selection is also determined by h2 ...
QuantGen posted
... she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
... she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
SERIES ‘‘THE GENETIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR ASPECTS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA/HYPOPNOEA SYNDROME’’
... respiratory centre [45]. The heritability in BMI in large sample sizes is thought to be between 25% and 40%; therefore, a strong environmental influence is present [46]. Susceptibility to obesity is largely genetic but a favourable environment must exist for its phenotypic expression. Regulation of ...
... respiratory centre [45]. The heritability in BMI in large sample sizes is thought to be between 25% and 40%; therefore, a strong environmental influence is present [46]. Susceptibility to obesity is largely genetic but a favourable environment must exist for its phenotypic expression. Regulation of ...
Systems of mating
... • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Identity by Descent, Either for Individuals or for a Population (Because of shared common ancestors, two individuals could share genes at a locus that are identical copies of a single ancestral gene) • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Deviations from Random Mating in a D ...
... • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Identity by Descent, Either for Individuals or for a Population (Because of shared common ancestors, two individuals could share genes at a locus that are identical copies of a single ancestral gene) • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Deviations from Random Mating in a D ...
Altruism as a Tool for optimization: Literature Review
... The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we review the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm with altruism is presented in Section 3 respectively. In the last section we conclude this paper and point out some future research directions. II. GENETIC ALGORITHM ...
... The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we review the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm with altruism is presented in Section 3 respectively. In the last section we conclude this paper and point out some future research directions. II. GENETIC ALGORITHM ...
Jelly Bellicus Natural Selection Lab
... a. Overall, what has happened to the diversity of the Jelly bellicus population? How might this affect the future of the jelly bean population? BE SPECIFIC in your answer 12. Evolution by natural selection includes all of the concepts below: a. Genetic Variation: Different individuals have different ...
... a. Overall, what has happened to the diversity of the Jelly bellicus population? How might this affect the future of the jelly bean population? BE SPECIFIC in your answer 12. Evolution by natural selection includes all of the concepts below: a. Genetic Variation: Different individuals have different ...
Developing expressed sequence tag libraries and
... raspberry unigene set has 418 contigs and 1671 singletons for a total of 2089 unigenes. The number of combined contigs was less than the sum of the contigs from the two datasets used for SSR identification, as identical contigs derived from both Rubus species were combined. A basic local alignment s ...
... raspberry unigene set has 418 contigs and 1671 singletons for a total of 2089 unigenes. The number of combined contigs was less than the sum of the contigs from the two datasets used for SSR identification, as identical contigs derived from both Rubus species were combined. A basic local alignment s ...
The relation between reproductive value and genetic contribution
... investigate the relationship between this single number, and the total genetic contribution of the ancestor. Cannings et al. (1978) consider the probability that a set of genes carried by one or more individuals will survive to some later time; Thompson (1979a, b) shows how this survival probability ...
... investigate the relationship between this single number, and the total genetic contribution of the ancestor. Cannings et al. (1978) consider the probability that a set of genes carried by one or more individuals will survive to some later time; Thompson (1979a, b) shows how this survival probability ...
Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context
... exist before the ribosome translates into poly(A) tails (on average approximately five codons intervene between the primary and additional downstream non-primary stops). As a consequence, if extensions result from readthrough they are typically expected to be very short. Even though multiple possibl ...
... exist before the ribosome translates into poly(A) tails (on average approximately five codons intervene between the primary and additional downstream non-primary stops). As a consequence, if extensions result from readthrough they are typically expected to be very short. Even though multiple possibl ...
Base-pair neutral homozygotes can be discriminated by calibrated
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper ...
3.1.molecular_evolution - T
... (or “clocklike”) and because selection does not influence the rate of divergence, divergence of DNA and protein molecules in two separate lineages should occur in a REGULAR, clocklike manner ...
... (or “clocklike”) and because selection does not influence the rate of divergence, divergence of DNA and protein molecules in two separate lineages should occur in a REGULAR, clocklike manner ...
Transmission of male infertility to future generations
... the infertility phenotype (Chandley, 1979). The percentage of male infertility that can be explained by karyotyping alone is low, this being mainly due to the low resolution of cytogenetics studies. It was not until the development of modern molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PC ...
... the infertility phenotype (Chandley, 1979). The percentage of male infertility that can be explained by karyotyping alone is low, this being mainly due to the low resolution of cytogenetics studies. It was not until the development of modern molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PC ...
Roux`s Arch Dev Biol 193, 283
... 2 days of 29 ~ C exposure, which was sufficient to kill developing DTS4-bearing progeny. Escapers were observed only rarely. They usually eclosed later and were very weak. The parental flies were removed from the vials using a vacuum cleaner after the first day at 29 ~ C. Eggs were collected from F2 ...
... 2 days of 29 ~ C exposure, which was sufficient to kill developing DTS4-bearing progeny. Escapers were observed only rarely. They usually eclosed later and were very weak. The parental flies were removed from the vials using a vacuum cleaner after the first day at 29 ~ C. Eggs were collected from F2 ...
Inheritance and the muscular dystrophies
... with the result that a certain bodily process is impaired and this fault may then be passed on to the children. There are three main types of inheritance, and when a gene is faulty the fault is inherited in one of these ways with differing result. 1) X-linked or sex-linked recessive Including: ...
... with the result that a certain bodily process is impaired and this fault may then be passed on to the children. There are three main types of inheritance, and when a gene is faulty the fault is inherited in one of these ways with differing result. 1) X-linked or sex-linked recessive Including: ...
Statistical analysis of simple repeats in the human genome
... Experiments on kinetics of DNA denaturation and renaturation and the analysis of DNA sequences have revealed that most of our genome is populated by DNA repeats of different length, number and degree of dispersion [1]. Long repeats in few copies are usually orthologous genes, which may contain hidde ...
... Experiments on kinetics of DNA denaturation and renaturation and the analysis of DNA sequences have revealed that most of our genome is populated by DNA repeats of different length, number and degree of dispersion [1]. Long repeats in few copies are usually orthologous genes, which may contain hidde ...
De novo mutations in human genetic disease
... Over the past few decades, research in the field of medical genetics of disease has focused largely on inherited variation. This has resulted in great progress, through the application of family-based linkage studies in the case of Mendelian diseases and through genome-wide association studies for c ...
... Over the past few decades, research in the field of medical genetics of disease has focused largely on inherited variation. This has resulted in great progress, through the application of family-based linkage studies in the case of Mendelian diseases and through genome-wide association studies for c ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.