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... 9. Gregor Mendel’s law of independent assortment argues that a. pairs of genes separate during reproduction and are passed on to the next ...
... 9. Gregor Mendel’s law of independent assortment argues that a. pairs of genes separate during reproduction and are passed on to the next ...
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... 9. Gregor Mendel’s law of independent assortment argues that a. pairs of genes separate during reproduction and are passed on to the next ...
... 9. Gregor Mendel’s law of independent assortment argues that a. pairs of genes separate during reproduction and are passed on to the next ...
Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in
... even later, suggesting that Kondara and Kz-9 FRI alleles are fully functional and confer very late flowering in the presence of the strong Col FLC allele. Given the identical amino acid sequence, it is likely that the three accessions Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carry the same functional FRI allele ...
... even later, suggesting that Kondara and Kz-9 FRI alleles are fully functional and confer very late flowering in the presence of the strong Col FLC allele. Given the identical amino acid sequence, it is likely that the three accessions Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carry the same functional FRI allele ...
Technical Report no. 99 - Department of Statistics
... 1. Introduction to Pedpack. Pedpack is a set of programs for creating, managing and analysing databases for pedigrees and genetic traits. It runs under the UNIX operating system and the user requires familiarity with the basic UNIX file structure and command language. When called for the first time ...
... 1. Introduction to Pedpack. Pedpack is a set of programs for creating, managing and analysing databases for pedigrees and genetic traits. It runs under the UNIX operating system and the user requires familiarity with the basic UNIX file structure and command language. When called for the first time ...
Tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin A progression? EDITORIAL
... why it is important to publish (negative) studies like that of TANAKA et al. [1]. There may be an unjustified bias towards lack of publication of negative findings, and moreover it is necessary to discover that previously reported findings are unjustly called positive. Presumably, reviewers and jour ...
... why it is important to publish (negative) studies like that of TANAKA et al. [1]. There may be an unjustified bias towards lack of publication of negative findings, and moreover it is necessary to discover that previously reported findings are unjustly called positive. Presumably, reviewers and jour ...
1 The Empirical Non-Equivalence of Genic and Genotypic Models of
... by selection. In these cases genotypic models correctly show that selection is active at the equilibrium point. In contrast the genic models have selection disappearing at equilibrium. For deterministic models this difference makes no difference. However, once drift is added in, the two sets of mode ...
... by selection. In these cases genotypic models correctly show that selection is active at the equilibrium point. In contrast the genic models have selection disappearing at equilibrium. For deterministic models this difference makes no difference. However, once drift is added in, the two sets of mode ...
mineralogical magazine - The Mineralogical Society
... processes and rock genetics. In that work Hutten established conelusively the distinction in mode of origin between igneous and sedimentary rocks, and pointed clearly, though with some exaggeration of its significance, to the existence of a third great group of thermally altered rocks to which Lyell ...
... processes and rock genetics. In that work Hutten established conelusively the distinction in mode of origin between igneous and sedimentary rocks, and pointed clearly, though with some exaggeration of its significance, to the existence of a third great group of thermally altered rocks to which Lyell ...
The landscape of Neandertal ancestry in present
... onto the modern human genetic background that were not tolerated and were swept away, in part because they contributed to male hybrid sterility. The resulting reduction in Neandertal ancestry was quantitatively large: in the fifth of the genome with highest B, Neandertal ancestry is 1.54 ± 0.15 time ...
... onto the modern human genetic background that were not tolerated and were swept away, in part because they contributed to male hybrid sterility. The resulting reduction in Neandertal ancestry was quantitatively large: in the fifth of the genome with highest B, Neandertal ancestry is 1.54 ± 0.15 time ...
Creative Activities in Music – A Genome
... various theoretical foundations (for a review, see Pohjannoro [9]). However, to our knowledge there are no widely used tests to measure compositional activities even though measures of musical creativity exist (e.g. Gordon [10]; Wang [11]; Webster [12]). These measures have different kinds of activi ...
... various theoretical foundations (for a review, see Pohjannoro [9]). However, to our knowledge there are no widely used tests to measure compositional activities even though measures of musical creativity exist (e.g. Gordon [10]; Wang [11]; Webster [12]). These measures have different kinds of activi ...
Genetic recombination in plants
... and rice [ZO], these YAC and BAC clones are being organized into large contigs. These concigs represent a resource for investigating the relationship between the physical nature of chromosomes and the dynamics of recombination. For example, it is now clear that in many plant species rates of recombi ...
... and rice [ZO], these YAC and BAC clones are being organized into large contigs. These concigs represent a resource for investigating the relationship between the physical nature of chromosomes and the dynamics of recombination. For example, it is now clear that in many plant species rates of recombi ...
Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Lettuce
... differences among shelves which held the plates. Plates were positioned vertically and grown under continuous light (140 µmol m-2 s-1) in a controlled environment room held at 22 °C. The agarose medium consisted of full strength Murashige and Skoog basal salts (Phytotechnology Laboratories, Shawnee ...
... differences among shelves which held the plates. Plates were positioned vertically and grown under continuous light (140 µmol m-2 s-1) in a controlled environment room held at 22 °C. The agarose medium consisted of full strength Murashige and Skoog basal salts (Phytotechnology Laboratories, Shawnee ...
Modest evidence for linkage and possible confirmation of
... overly conservative. However, given that well over 100 tests were performed and that tests at each marker are close to being independent, it is likely that the appropriate significance threshold is at least an order of magnitude less than 0.05. It is, however, also appropriate to note that we are co ...
... overly conservative. However, given that well over 100 tests were performed and that tests at each marker are close to being independent, it is likely that the appropriate significance threshold is at least an order of magnitude less than 0.05. It is, however, also appropriate to note that we are co ...
C3H/HeJ
... between APN, an in-house strain with low CYP1A2 expression, and C3H/HeJ, a laboratory strain expressing normal CYP1A2 levels, determined that this phenotype is mediated by three quantitative trait loci (QTL) localized to chromosomes 1, 4 and 9, as previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 9 co-loca ...
... between APN, an in-house strain with low CYP1A2 expression, and C3H/HeJ, a laboratory strain expressing normal CYP1A2 levels, determined that this phenotype is mediated by three quantitative trait loci (QTL) localized to chromosomes 1, 4 and 9, as previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 9 co-loca ...
Polymorphisms in Multiple Genes Contribute to the
... repetition of a segment of the rho1 mtDNA (FaugeronFonty et al. 1979). The DNA sequence of the repeated segment in spontaneous petite mutants suggests that the repeat may originate from rho1 mtDNA by illegitimate direct-repeat recombination involving short homologous sequences (Gaillard and Bernardi ...
... repetition of a segment of the rho1 mtDNA (FaugeronFonty et al. 1979). The DNA sequence of the repeated segment in spontaneous petite mutants suggests that the repeat may originate from rho1 mtDNA by illegitimate direct-repeat recombination involving short homologous sequences (Gaillard and Bernardi ...
Can transgenic mosquitoes afford the fitness cost? - MiVEGEC
... is unlikely to affect malaria prevalence in the human population unless its antipathogenic effect is close to 100% (Box 1) (note that, in this context, SM1 does not block Plasmodium falciparum, which is the malaria parasite that causes most medical problems). Clearly, this adds some doubts about the ...
... is unlikely to affect malaria prevalence in the human population unless its antipathogenic effect is close to 100% (Box 1) (note that, in this context, SM1 does not block Plasmodium falciparum, which is the malaria parasite that causes most medical problems). Clearly, this adds some doubts about the ...
A Common Polygenic Basis for Quinine and
... phenotypes to both compounds in pilot tests (strong avoidance and relative indifference respectively). They were also known to carry the Soab (nontaster) and Soac (demitaster) alleles respectively (Harder et al., 1992). Polygenic control of quinine avoidance had been found in serial backcross genera ...
... phenotypes to both compounds in pilot tests (strong avoidance and relative indifference respectively). They were also known to carry the Soab (nontaster) and Soac (demitaster) alleles respectively (Harder et al., 1992). Polygenic control of quinine avoidance had been found in serial backcross genera ...
Genome-wide analysis by SNP Array
... of karyotyping or FISH remains insufficient for the diagnosis of the micro-rearrangements involved in ID and CA. Low karyotyping resolution (5-10 Mb) and the targeted analysis of FISH represent a significant restriction for ID and CA diagnosis. However, DNA microarrays have proved their utility in t ...
... of karyotyping or FISH remains insufficient for the diagnosis of the micro-rearrangements involved in ID and CA. Low karyotyping resolution (5-10 Mb) and the targeted analysis of FISH represent a significant restriction for ID and CA diagnosis. However, DNA microarrays have proved their utility in t ...
1 Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional
... proportion of dominance variance and lower proportion of additive variance than traits more distantly related to fitness, a more direct method is to simultaneously examine the additive genetic covariance of traits with fitness and their respective dominance variance in outbred populations (Merilä an ...
... proportion of dominance variance and lower proportion of additive variance than traits more distantly related to fitness, a more direct method is to simultaneously examine the additive genetic covariance of traits with fitness and their respective dominance variance in outbred populations (Merilä an ...
SVPaper050711
... presence of an ancestral insertion. Fifteen ancestral insertions (16%) had SNPs or short indels within their target site duplication, coincident with the insertion (Supplementary Table 8). Given their potential role in human disease30, we were interested to document the occurrence of recurrent SVs, ...
... presence of an ancestral insertion. Fifteen ancestral insertions (16%) had SNPs or short indels within their target site duplication, coincident with the insertion (Supplementary Table 8). Given their potential role in human disease30, we were interested to document the occurrence of recurrent SVs, ...
Fisher`s Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection Revisited
... Copyright ] 1997 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ...
... Copyright ] 1997 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ...
Effect of the allelic variants of aldehyde
... suggest that ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 may independently influence vulnerability to alcoholism.19,21,22 The variant ADH1B*3 allele has recently been shown to have a significant protective effect on the risk for alcoholism in AfricanAmericans and Native Americans.23,24 The ADH1C*1 allele, which is in linka ...
... suggest that ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 may independently influence vulnerability to alcoholism.19,21,22 The variant ADH1B*3 allele has recently been shown to have a significant protective effect on the risk for alcoholism in AfricanAmericans and Native Americans.23,24 The ADH1C*1 allele, which is in linka ...
A genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in buccal - VU-DARE
... average genome-wide heritability of DNA methylation was higher when restricting to the most variable CpG sites (for the top 10% CpGs of which methylation level varied most between subjects, the average heritability was 37%) 34. It was also found that gene body and intergenic regions showed higher a ...
... average genome-wide heritability of DNA methylation was higher when restricting to the most variable CpG sites (for the top 10% CpGs of which methylation level varied most between subjects, the average heritability was 37%) 34. It was also found that gene body and intergenic regions showed higher a ...
Neurofibromatosis, Type 1 - St. Jude Children`s Research Hospital
... Neurofibromatosis, type 1, is caused by changes in a gene known as NF1. Genes carry information telling cells within the body how to function. The NF1 gene helps to control how and when cells grow, divide and die. Most people without neurofibromatosis, type 1, carry two working copies of the NF1 gen ...
... Neurofibromatosis, type 1, is caused by changes in a gene known as NF1. Genes carry information telling cells within the body how to function. The NF1 gene helps to control how and when cells grow, divide and die. Most people without neurofibromatosis, type 1, carry two working copies of the NF1 gen ...
Instruction Manual for “ChromoPainter: a copying model for
... instance if you condition a subset of haplotypes (or individuals) on every other haplotype (or individual) using the ’-a’ switch, but is useful for tidying the output files. There should be one row in donor list infile for each donor population. There are 2-4 columns per row. The first column gives ...
... instance if you condition a subset of haplotypes (or individuals) on every other haplotype (or individual) using the ’-a’ switch, but is useful for tidying the output files. There should be one row in donor list infile for each donor population. There are 2-4 columns per row. The first column gives ...
Biopatents – A Threat to the Use and Conservation of
... Defining features of biological material therefore ...
... Defining features of biological material therefore ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.