A novel species of thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus
... (Promega). The reverse transcription reaction contained (pl-l): 20 ng RNA template, 0-5 U AMV reverse transcriptase, 1 pmol primer, 5 nmol MgC1, and 1 nmol dNTPs. The reaction was incubated at 42 "C for 30 min. Three independent cDNA products were synthesized and used as templates for the PCR. PCR a ...
... (Promega). The reverse transcription reaction contained (pl-l): 20 ng RNA template, 0-5 U AMV reverse transcriptase, 1 pmol primer, 5 nmol MgC1, and 1 nmol dNTPs. The reaction was incubated at 42 "C for 30 min. Three independent cDNA products were synthesized and used as templates for the PCR. PCR a ...
biology final
... differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions explain the importance of cell differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions ...
... differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions explain the importance of cell differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions ...
to Sample Chapter
... Genetics is the study of heredity and variations. All living organisms inherit characters to next generation. This theory regarding inheritance was given by Gregor Johann Mendel in 1866. Mendel performed experiments on garden pea and made a conclusion that genes come in pairs and inherited as distin ...
... Genetics is the study of heredity and variations. All living organisms inherit characters to next generation. This theory regarding inheritance was given by Gregor Johann Mendel in 1866. Mendel performed experiments on garden pea and made a conclusion that genes come in pairs and inherited as distin ...
Etude Annotation
... score (525) than the GeneMark start at position 215 (420). The start at position 83 is yields the longest possible gene as well. Gap/Overlap: Since it is gene 1, we can omit determining the gap ...
... score (525) than the GeneMark start at position 215 (420). The start at position 83 is yields the longest possible gene as well. Gap/Overlap: Since it is gene 1, we can omit determining the gap ...
Evolution of Phenotypic Robustness
... (Wagner et al., 1997). Phenomena of this kind have been observed in computational models of RNA secondary structure and have been called plasto-genetic congruence (Ancel and Fontana, 2000). In order to account for congruence effects, we may further refine our definition by restricting the reference ...
... (Wagner et al., 1997). Phenomena of this kind have been observed in computational models of RNA secondary structure and have been called plasto-genetic congruence (Ancel and Fontana, 2000). In order to account for congruence effects, we may further refine our definition by restricting the reference ...
A molecular marker map for roses - Wageningen UR E
... analysed 60 additional markers including 20 AFLP markers, 27 microsatellites, 8 RFLP fragments (scored as dominant markers) and 5 SCAR markers. A total of 365 markers were analysed in the extended data set (Table 1). After the computation of separate maps for both parents and the subsequent alignmen ...
... analysed 60 additional markers including 20 AFLP markers, 27 microsatellites, 8 RFLP fragments (scored as dominant markers) and 5 SCAR markers. A total of 365 markers were analysed in the extended data set (Table 1). After the computation of separate maps for both parents and the subsequent alignmen ...
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice
... requires careful manual curation. Close paralogues, particularly when tandemly arrayed, and subtle differences in the structure of gene models across multiple assemblies of the same genome sequence present significant challenges. Researchers familiar with the particular characteristics of a new gene ...
... requires careful manual curation. Close paralogues, particularly when tandemly arrayed, and subtle differences in the structure of gene models across multiple assemblies of the same genome sequence present significant challenges. Researchers familiar with the particular characteristics of a new gene ...
Myb genes enhance tobacco trichome production
... is specific and late. Recently, Glover et al. (1998) have published a characterization of the MIXTA overexpression phenotype in Nicotiana tabacum. The data presented herein are in good agreement with their results which indicate that the transgene can also regulate trichome differentiation in tobacc ...
... is specific and late. Recently, Glover et al. (1998) have published a characterization of the MIXTA overexpression phenotype in Nicotiana tabacum. The data presented herein are in good agreement with their results which indicate that the transgene can also regulate trichome differentiation in tobacc ...
Copy number variations involving the microtubule
... genomes’ [1]. With the development of whole-genome analysis technologies, and since the publication in 2004 of the first two papers reporting CNVs in healthy people [2,3], CNVs have been shown to be largely responsible for human evolution and genetic diversity between individuals, to a greater exten ...
... genomes’ [1]. With the development of whole-genome analysis technologies, and since the publication in 2004 of the first two papers reporting CNVs in healthy people [2,3], CNVs have been shown to be largely responsible for human evolution and genetic diversity between individuals, to a greater exten ...
$doc.title
... All these past attempts to create novel-coloured flowers have focused on the manipulation of the flavonoid pigmentation pathways that exist in flowers (Elomaa and Holton, 1994; Forkmann and Martens, 2001). To create black flowers, for example, researchers tried to increase the concentrations of fl ...
... All these past attempts to create novel-coloured flowers have focused on the manipulation of the flavonoid pigmentation pathways that exist in flowers (Elomaa and Holton, 1994; Forkmann and Martens, 2001). To create black flowers, for example, researchers tried to increase the concentrations of fl ...
parts
... for round seeds is represented by R and the allele for wrinkled seeds is represented by r. Since each individual has two alleles for every gene, a pea plant could have the allele combination RR, Rr, or rr (see Figure 17.6). Johannsen called the combination of alleles for any given trait the individu ...
... for round seeds is represented by R and the allele for wrinkled seeds is represented by r. Since each individual has two alleles for every gene, a pea plant could have the allele combination RR, Rr, or rr (see Figure 17.6). Johannsen called the combination of alleles for any given trait the individu ...
Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg
... scientific works published at the beginning of the 20th century. A 1908 paper, “Mendelian Proportions in a Mixed Population” published in Science 28 (49-50) by British mathematician G.H. Hardy, and a separate independent study also published in 1908 by the German physician W. Weinberg, both suggeste ...
... scientific works published at the beginning of the 20th century. A 1908 paper, “Mendelian Proportions in a Mixed Population” published in Science 28 (49-50) by British mathematician G.H. Hardy, and a separate independent study also published in 1908 by the German physician W. Weinberg, both suggeste ...
Spontaneous mutagenesis in exponentially growing and sta
... of the umuDC operon. Introduction of the temperature-dependent dnaQ49 mutation into AB1157 dramatically increased the frequency of growth-dependent revertants at the non-permissive temperature of 37°C (870 ´ 10–8 cells vs. 2.7 ´ 10–8 cells in wt strain). At 28°C the frequency of Arg+ revertants was ...
... of the umuDC operon. Introduction of the temperature-dependent dnaQ49 mutation into AB1157 dramatically increased the frequency of growth-dependent revertants at the non-permissive temperature of 37°C (870 ´ 10–8 cells vs. 2.7 ´ 10–8 cells in wt strain). At 28°C the frequency of Arg+ revertants was ...
AtREM1, a Member of a New Family of B3 Domain
... The identification of AtREM1 demonstrates the validity of using cauliflower meristems to isolate Arabidopsis genes specifically expressed in its reproductive apex. Using a strategy based on the search for specific expression patterns in pools of enhancer- or gene-trap lines, Campisi et al. (1999) re ...
... The identification of AtREM1 demonstrates the validity of using cauliflower meristems to isolate Arabidopsis genes specifically expressed in its reproductive apex. Using a strategy based on the search for specific expression patterns in pools of enhancer- or gene-trap lines, Campisi et al. (1999) re ...
Genetic Analyses of Agronomic Traits Controlled by Wheat
... protected LSD was calculated for each significant trait from the combined ANOVA with synthesized G 3 E error term used to identify transgressive segregates for each trait. Correlation analysis for the 50 RICLs with genotypic means across environments was conducted between pairs of traits exhibiting ...
... protected LSD was calculated for each significant trait from the combined ANOVA with synthesized G 3 E error term used to identify transgressive segregates for each trait. Correlation analysis for the 50 RICLs with genotypic means across environments was conducted between pairs of traits exhibiting ...
Promega Notes 49: Firefly Luciferase Engineered for Improved
... encoded amino acid sequence. We also removed three palindromic sequences which could spuriously affect expression (22bp, 18bp, and 16bp, each with one mismatch). iii) Codon usage. In general, codon usage presumably reflects the availability of tRNA isoforms in different organisms; efficiently expres ...
... encoded amino acid sequence. We also removed three palindromic sequences which could spuriously affect expression (22bp, 18bp, and 16bp, each with one mismatch). iii) Codon usage. In general, codon usage presumably reflects the availability of tRNA isoforms in different organisms; efficiently expres ...
Document
... information is not sufficient to define the state of a cell. Importantly, there is no direct contradiction: Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein ...
... information is not sufficient to define the state of a cell. Importantly, there is no direct contradiction: Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein ...
Package `LDheatmap`
... "Key" - "colorKey", "title", "labels", "ticks", "box". Note The produced heat map can be modified in two ways. First, it is possible to edit interactively the grob components of the heat map, by using the function grid.edit; the function will not work if there is no open graphical device showing the ...
... "Key" - "colorKey", "title", "labels", "ticks", "box". Note The produced heat map can be modified in two ways. First, it is possible to edit interactively the grob components of the heat map, by using the function grid.edit; the function will not work if there is no open graphical device showing the ...
Analysis of the root-hair morphogenesis transcriptome reveals the
... Some of these plants had obvious root-hair defects. However, to avoid missing possible subtle root-hair phenotypes, plants with root-hair phenotypes that only differed slightly from those of WT plants grown at the same time and under identical growth conditions were also selected. Twelve different l ...
... Some of these plants had obvious root-hair defects. However, to avoid missing possible subtle root-hair phenotypes, plants with root-hair phenotypes that only differed slightly from those of WT plants grown at the same time and under identical growth conditions were also selected. Twelve different l ...
Genetic polymorphisms of vein wall remodeling in chronic venous
... in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Increased expression of VEGF-A or its receptor R2 leads to increased activation of nitric oxide synthase, which then leads to vessel wall damage mediated by oxygen free radicals as well as decreased vessel tone that predisposes to venous stasis.20 VEGF al ...
... in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Increased expression of VEGF-A or its receptor R2 leads to increased activation of nitric oxide synthase, which then leads to vessel wall damage mediated by oxygen free radicals as well as decreased vessel tone that predisposes to venous stasis.20 VEGF al ...
Vitis 37 (3), 119
... The electrophoretically detected degree of genetic similarity between each pair of cultivars studied (Tab. 2) was calculated using the NTSYS-pc package 1.8 developed by ROHFL (Exeter Software, New York, USA). ...
... The electrophoretically detected degree of genetic similarity between each pair of cultivars studied (Tab. 2) was calculated using the NTSYS-pc package 1.8 developed by ROHFL (Exeter Software, New York, USA). ...
MAGMA manual (version 1.03)
... The --meta flag can be used to perform fixed-effects meta-analysis on the output of the gene analysis. This can be used to obtain gene p-values combined across multiple data sets as well as to prepare input for gene-level analysis on the combined results of multiple data sets. To compute meta-analyt ...
... The --meta flag can be used to perform fixed-effects meta-analysis on the output of the gene analysis. This can be used to obtain gene p-values combined across multiple data sets as well as to prepare input for gene-level analysis on the combined results of multiple data sets. To compute meta-analyt ...
A genome screen for linkage in Australian sibling-pairs with
... a number of interesting immunological candidates. For example, IL-2 and IL-21 which are both involved in T and B cell proliferation map to chromosome 4q26-27, while the cluster of genes for the immunoglobulin kappa light chain and CD8 are encoded at chromosome 2p12. These candidates are worthy of fu ...
... a number of interesting immunological candidates. For example, IL-2 and IL-21 which are both involved in T and B cell proliferation map to chromosome 4q26-27, while the cluster of genes for the immunoglobulin kappa light chain and CD8 are encoded at chromosome 2p12. These candidates are worthy of fu ...
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is therefore a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or ""knocked out"", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003.Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells, experimental GM cell lines and GM animals such as mice or zebrafish are being used for research purposes, and genetically modified crops have been commercialized.