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Lecture 3: Interstellar Dust, Radiative Transfer and Thermal Radiation
... Transfer of Radiation: Intensity, Flux, Energy Density •Specific intensity, Iν: ΔE = Iν ΔA Δt Δν ΔΩ •Specific flux Fν, or flux density, the monochromatic energy per unit area per unit time passing through a surface of fixed orientation z (W m-2 Hz-1 or erg s-1 cm-2 Hz-1 or Jansky=10-26 W m-2 Hz-1): ...
... Transfer of Radiation: Intensity, Flux, Energy Density •Specific intensity, Iν: ΔE = Iν ΔA Δt Δν ΔΩ •Specific flux Fν, or flux density, the monochromatic energy per unit area per unit time passing through a surface of fixed orientation z (W m-2 Hz-1 or erg s-1 cm-2 Hz-1 or Jansky=10-26 W m-2 Hz-1): ...
Earth Energy and Structure
... If all of earth time was compressed into one year; then the dinosaurs died off on Christmas Eve; and humans started running around 8:30 pm on New Year’s Eve. ...
... If all of earth time was compressed into one year; then the dinosaurs died off on Christmas Eve; and humans started running around 8:30 pm on New Year’s Eve. ...
Taylor Honeycutt 7th Grade Covenant Christian Academy How It
... field of Jupiter. It consists of two components: the Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) and the Advanced Stellar Compass (ASC). The FGM measures the strength and direction of Jupiter’s magnetic field, and the ASC measures the orientation of the spacecraft. Both sets of the MAG instruments are positioned aw ...
... field of Jupiter. It consists of two components: the Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) and the Advanced Stellar Compass (ASC). The FGM measures the strength and direction of Jupiter’s magnetic field, and the ASC measures the orientation of the spacecraft. Both sets of the MAG instruments are positioned aw ...
Chapter 20
... As high-energy particles leak into the lower magnetosphere, they excite molecules near the Earth’s magnetic poles, causing the aurora ...
... As high-energy particles leak into the lower magnetosphere, they excite molecules near the Earth’s magnetic poles, causing the aurora ...
Van Allen radiation belt
A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.