• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
A Neural Model of Rule Generation in Inductive Reasoning
A Neural Model of Rule Generation in Inductive Reasoning

... error rates), but it does not reflect the flexibility and variability of individual human performance nor take into account neurologic data. In addition, Carpenter et al.’s model has no ability to generate new rules; the rules are all specified beforehand by the modelers. This limitation of their mo ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
Neuroscience and Behavior

... threshold is around -50 mv. When the neuron reaches this threshold, the neuron fires a nerve impulse that sweeps down the axon and causes the terminal buttons to release a chemical called neurotransmittors. The firing of a neuron is called an action potential. ...
NIHMS263877-supplement-1
NIHMS263877-supplement-1

... the left and right eigenvectors are equal (or complex conjugate), and we can normalize them to unitary norm. Without loss of generality, we focus on a single eigenvector R, and we write the distribution of its components as ...
392868
392868

... In this section, a computational model of the episodic memory based on neural synchronization of phase precession [43] is reviewed. 4.1. Representation of Object and Scene Information. Figure 2(a) shows the information flow of the model that follows experimental proposals [13, 17]. Retinal informati ...
PPT
PPT

...  Consists of simple processing elements called neurons, units or nodes  Each neuron is connected to other nodes with an associated weight (strength) which typically multiplies the signal transmitted  Each neuron has a single threshold value  Weighted sum of all the inputs coming into the neuron ...
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of

... two centuries. However, four decades ago, several evidences have shown that experience and training induce neural changes, showing that major neuroanatomical, neurochemical as well as molecular changes are required for the establishment of a long-term memory process. Early experimental procedures sh ...
Neural network
Neural network

... • In the training mode, the neuron can be trained to fire (or not), for particular input patterns. • In the using mode, when a taught input pattern is detected at the input, its associated output becomes the current output. If the input pattern does not belong in the taught list of input patterns, t ...
A Brief History of Memory and Aging
A Brief History of Memory and Aging

... the Structure and Function of Human Consciousness, there was little in the way of experimental data on memory and aging. However, like the ancients, these early psychologists acknowledged certain patterns of memory impairment associated with increasing age: Memory of proper names is among the earlie ...
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness
Brain Architecture for an Intelligent Stream of Consciousness

... Systems are typically expressed in terms of logical, not physical, structures, and brain systems are no exception. Human LTM is associative, which hints that location is not a prime consideration; things are recalled not according to where they are, but according to what they are. In contrast, in a ...
Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala
Molecular basis of learning in the hippocampus and the amygdala

... The hippocampus and the amygdala are structures of mammalian brain both involved in memorizing. However, they are responsible for different types of memory: the hippocampus is involved in creating and storing declarative engrams and the amygdala is engaged in some of non-declarative learning. During ...
Biological Psychology Basic Structure of a Neuron 1. What are the
Biological Psychology Basic Structure of a Neuron 1. What are the

... d. A point of excitation on the neuron that must be reached for an action potential to occur refers to exceeding the threshold e. After a neuron fires, there is a time period when the neuron recharges itself electrically until it reaches polarization. Until this occurs the neuron can’t fire an actio ...
Neural Networks - School of Computer Science
Neural Networks - School of Computer Science

... We still do not know exactly how the brain works. For example, we are born with about 100 billion neurons in our brain. Many die as we progress through life, and are not replaced, yet we continue to learn. Although we do not know exactly how the brain works, we do know certain things about it. We kn ...
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

... • The connections between neurons have weights associated with them, and each neuron passes its output on to the inputs of the neurons to which it is connected. This output depends on the application of the activation function to the inputs it receives. In this way, an input signal to the network is ...
notes as
notes as

... How to make use of this type of computation • Hopfield proposed that memories could be energy minima of a neural net. • The binary threshold decision rule can then be used to “clean up” incomplete or corrupted memories. – This gives a content-addressable memory in which an item can be accessed by j ...
lecture 05
lecture 05

... – Note: task has been designed so that specific memory for outcomes associated with card combinations is not as useful, first because there are several card combinations, and second, because any given card combination may have an outcome of ‘sunshine’ or ‘rain’ associated with it – More useful is a ...
lecture 05
lecture 05

... – Note: task has been designed so that specific memory for outcomes associated with card combinations is not as useful, first because there are several card combinations, and second, because any given card combination may have an outcome of ‘sunshine’ or ‘rain’ associated with it – More useful is a ...
If Somebody Knows About that Nose, It╎s Not the Forgetful Maid
If Somebody Knows About that Nose, It╎s Not the Forgetful Maid

... memories were recreations that seemed authentic to the past, but were actually revised reproductions of it. Proust illustrates these concerns with memory in the first volume of his novel, In Search of Lost Time, where in tasting a madeleine cookie dipped in tea, the narrator is immediately overcome ...
The relation of transcription to memory formation
The relation of transcription to memory formation

... of synaptic connections. However understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of memory formation is imperative in order to pin point targets for drug development that could be used for treatment of memory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, aging-related memory weakening, some forms of ...
Modelling the Grid-like Encoding of Visual Space
Modelling the Grid-like Encoding of Visual Space

... with respect to certain types of inputs via the parameter p. For example, setting p to higher values results in an emphasis of large changes in individual dimensions of the input vector versus changes that are distributed over many dimensions (Kerdels and Peters, 2015a). However, in the case of mode ...
Leap 2 - Teacher - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
Leap 2 - Teacher - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives

... Neurotransmitters are stored as molecules in storage areas called vesicles in the axon terminals of the “sending” neuron. They wait for an electrical impulse to come. If the impulse is strong enough, it acts as a signal for the neurotransmitter to leave the vesicle and cross the synapse to the dendr ...
memory and cognition - Global Anatomy Home Page
memory and cognition - Global Anatomy Home Page

... lobe/ventral visual stream. These regions then send the information to the entorhinal cortex, then onto to the hippocampus. The interconnections in the hippocampus are extremely detailed, so you can ask us about them if interested (those in the back row can jar JKH, but Mark will have to just endure ...
kainic acid lesion-induced deficits on cognitive performance in
kainic acid lesion-induced deficits on cognitive performance in

... the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum (Piallat et al., 1996). Current neurosurgical strategies target overactive brains regions including the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus and thalamus to control various symptoms of PD. Substantia nigra pars r ...
Reactivation, retrieval, replay and reconsolidation in and out of
Reactivation, retrieval, replay and reconsolidation in and out of

... encoding process. New memories are always made on the background of past experience, so that every consolidation is, in fact reconsolidation, serving to update and strengthen memories after retrieval. Spontaneous reactivation of memory circuits occurs during sleep and there is converging evidence fr ...
Effect of neurobic exercise on memory enhancement
Effect of neurobic exercise on memory enhancement

... Neurobic exercise, a unique brain exercise program based on the latest findings of scientific research [12]. The brain exercise program is presenting the combinations of physical senses, including vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch as well as an emotional sense with changing the daily routine regu ...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters

... the sensory neurons, to the Interneurons where it is brought to the appropriate brain region to process the information (now you know it is "hot") and make a decision about a corresponding action (too hot, let's move the hand). The information then travels on the Motor Neurons from the brain to the ...
< 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 20 >

Sparse distributed memory

Sparse distributed memory (SDM) is a mathematical model of human long-term memory introduced by Pentti Kanerva in 1988 while he was at NASA Ames Research Center. It is a generalized random-access memory (RAM) for long (e.g., 1,000 bit) binary words. These words serve as both addresses to and data for the memory. The main attribute of the memory is sensitivity to similarity, meaning that a word can be read back not only by giving the original write address but also by giving one close to it, as measured by the number of mismatched bits (i.e., the Hamming distance between memory addresses).SDM implements transformation from logical space to physical space using distributed data storing. A value corresponding to a logical address is stored into many physical addresses. This way of storing is robust and not deterministic. A memory cell is not addressed directly. If input data (logical addresses) are partially damaged at all, we can still get correct output data.The theory of the memory is mathematically complete and has been verified by computer simulation. It arose from the observation that the distances between points of a high-dimensional space resemble the proximity relations between concepts in human memory. The theory is also practical in that memories based on it can be implemented with conventional RAM-memory elements.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report