Memory Cure -- through ‘brain specific nutrients’?
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
3.05 Neural Substrates of Remembering – Electroencephalographic
... it may appear to correspond to a systematic enhancement of one ERP deflection over a discrete time interval, or it may appear to encompass a different time interval with a unique wave shape. Another important facet of an ERP difference is the distribution of the potential field across multiple elect ...
... it may appear to correspond to a systematic enhancement of one ERP deflection over a discrete time interval, or it may appear to encompass a different time interval with a unique wave shape. Another important facet of an ERP difference is the distribution of the potential field across multiple elect ...
The role of attention in binding visual features in working memory
... memory array, irrespective of location. Incorrect colour –shape conjunctions were created by errantly combining a colour and shape that were present in the initial memory array (cf. Wheeler & Treisman, 2002). Participants continued to repeat or count until this key-press response had been made. The ...
... memory array, irrespective of location. Incorrect colour –shape conjunctions were created by errantly combining a colour and shape that were present in the initial memory array (cf. Wheeler & Treisman, 2002). Participants continued to repeat or count until this key-press response had been made. The ...
State-Dependent Computation Using Coupled Recurrent Networks
... mechanisms that support this processing. In a step toward solving this problem, we demonstrate by theoretical analysis and simulation how networks of richly interconnected neurons, such as those observed in the superficial layers of the neocortex, can embed reliable, robust finite state machines. We ...
... mechanisms that support this processing. In a step toward solving this problem, we demonstrate by theoretical analysis and simulation how networks of richly interconnected neurons, such as those observed in the superficial layers of the neocortex, can embed reliable, robust finite state machines. We ...
Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and
... processes, they have also largely ignored competing models of working memory. There are several well-articulated models of working memory (Miyake & Shah, 1999; Richardson, Engle, Hasher, & Logie, 1996); these models differ in fundamental ways, but each generally succeeds in accounting for the availa ...
... processes, they have also largely ignored competing models of working memory. There are several well-articulated models of working memory (Miyake & Shah, 1999; Richardson, Engle, Hasher, & Logie, 1996); these models differ in fundamental ways, but each generally succeeds in accounting for the availa ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
... Fig. 2 e Brain areas, model architecture and connectivity. (A)e(B) Sets of cortical areas, which were imitated by the network’s area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articul ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... In slices, pyramidal neurons in different layers of entorhinal cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input (Egorov, Hamam, Fransen, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2002; Fransén, Tahvildari, Egorov, Hassel ...
... In slices, pyramidal neurons in different layers of entorhinal cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input (Egorov, Hamam, Fransen, Hasselmo, & Alonso, 2002; Fransén, Tahvildari, Egorov, Hassel ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... allowing solution of the coupled pair of differential equations. Note that the simulations described here are fully connected, with synapses between all existing neurons. In addition, most simulations used a single feedback neuron to represent the population of neurons mediating feedback inhibition. ...
... allowing solution of the coupled pair of differential equations. Note that the simulations described here are fully connected, with synapses between all existing neurons. In addition, most simulations used a single feedback neuron to represent the population of neurons mediating feedback inhibition. ...
A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... was computed as the number of time steps the looking node was above threshold on each trial. Note that fifty time steps equal one second. This time step to seconds mapping was chosen to effectively capture the hypothesized memory processes and keep simulation time reasonable. The looking plots show ...
... was computed as the number of time steps the looking node was above threshold on each trial. Note that fifty time steps equal one second. This time step to seconds mapping was chosen to effectively capture the hypothesized memory processes and keep simulation time reasonable. The looking plots show ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... 1. Increased sparseness for individual neurons during repeated presentations (lifetime sparseness). 2. Increased sparseness across the population of neurons tested (population sparseness). 3. Decreased correlation in neighboring neurons, thereby whitening the response. The results presented here pro ...
... 1. Increased sparseness for individual neurons during repeated presentations (lifetime sparseness). 2. Increased sparseness across the population of neurons tested (population sparseness). 3. Decreased correlation in neighboring neurons, thereby whitening the response. The results presented here pro ...
2016 prephd course work study material on development of BPN
... description such as “A network of weighted, additive values with nonlinear transfer functions”. However, despite the name, neural networks are far from “thinking machines” or “artificial brains”. A typical ANN might have hundreds of neurons. In comparison, the human nervous system is believed to hav ...
... description such as “A network of weighted, additive values with nonlinear transfer functions”. However, despite the name, neural networks are far from “thinking machines” or “artificial brains”. A typical ANN might have hundreds of neurons. In comparison, the human nervous system is believed to hav ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... To complement the new approaches for perturbing circuits, neuroscientists also need improved observational methods for probing the neural representations the mammalian brain uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large netw ...
... To complement the new approaches for perturbing circuits, neuroscientists also need improved observational methods for probing the neural representations the mammalian brain uses normally for memory processing and storage. In many cases, these representations appear to be distributed over large netw ...
PDF
... reorganize the system (von der Malsburg, 1999) have been discovered. A self-regulatory feedback network that can overcome the superposition catastrophe problem faces issues as well, in that its functional characteristics are difficult to derive analytically (Achler and Amir, 1999). Even though the ap ...
... reorganize the system (von der Malsburg, 1999) have been discovered. A self-regulatory feedback network that can overcome the superposition catastrophe problem faces issues as well, in that its functional characteristics are difficult to derive analytically (Achler and Amir, 1999). Even though the ap ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... Treves and Rolls, 1992; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; McClelland et al., 1995; McClelland and Goddard, 1996). However, in implementing a hippocampal simulation of human episodic memory function, we have addressed many additional issues not addressed in any of these previous theoretical articles. At ...
... Treves and Rolls, 1992; O’Reilly and McClelland, 1994; McClelland et al., 1995; McClelland and Goddard, 1996). However, in implementing a hippocampal simulation of human episodic memory function, we have addressed many additional issues not addressed in any of these previous theoretical articles. At ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... to be connected to the appropriate projection neurons and designed as a coincidence detector for these inputs. This might happen in the direct olfactory pathway to the lateral protocerebrum, which might provide a fast but coarse odour analysis relying on only a few POQs. If, however, the animal has ...
... to be connected to the appropriate projection neurons and designed as a coincidence detector for these inputs. This might happen in the direct olfactory pathway to the lateral protocerebrum, which might provide a fast but coarse odour analysis relying on only a few POQs. If, however, the animal has ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
... memory for complex spatiotemporal trajectories (Fig. 1B). For example, the 8-arm radial maze task requires that rats visit 8 different arms without making an error by repeating an arm entry, and the number of arm re-entries is increased by fornix lesions [87,131]. The rat could avoid the error of re ...
A Neural Circuit Basis for Spatial Working Memory
... sites produces the inability of monkeys to correctly recall targets appearing at certain spatial locations (Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic 1991, 1994), which again is an argument for an organized representation of visual space in the cortex. More recently, simultaneous recordings from closely spaced el ...
... sites produces the inability of monkeys to correctly recall targets appearing at certain spatial locations (Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic 1991, 1994), which again is an argument for an organized representation of visual space in the cortex. More recently, simultaneous recordings from closely spaced el ...
November 2000 Volume 3 Number Supp pp 1184
... was replaced by its mean and variance29. This analysis showed that global low spontaneous activity could be another stable state if there is a slight dominance of local inhibition over excitation, or if the integration time constant of the excitatory neurons is much slower than the inhibitory ones. ...
... was replaced by its mean and variance29. This analysis showed that global low spontaneous activity could be another stable state if there is a slight dominance of local inhibition over excitation, or if the integration time constant of the excitatory neurons is much slower than the inhibitory ones. ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
Appendix
... among synaptic events), and vi is the voltage variable just before the arrival of the synaptic event at time tsi . The voltage variable after the last spike of the train is calculated as vn = (vn−1 + A) and will be used to calculate the discriminability (see the next section). In all our simulations ...
... among synaptic events), and vi is the voltage variable just before the arrival of the synaptic event at time tsi . The voltage variable after the last spike of the train is calculated as vn = (vn−1 + A) and will be used to calculate the discriminability (see the next section). In all our simulations ...
Complementary Learning Systems
... by employing a structurally distinct system with complementary learning properties: sparse, non-overlapping representations that are highly robust to interference from subsequent learning. Such a sparse system by itself would be like an autistic savant: good at memorization but unable to perform eve ...
... by employing a structurally distinct system with complementary learning properties: sparse, non-overlapping representations that are highly robust to interference from subsequent learning. Such a sparse system by itself would be like an autistic savant: good at memorization but unable to perform eve ...
Concept cells: the building blocks of declarative
... involved in the transformation of percepts into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. ...
... involved in the transformation of percepts into cognitive entities that can be processed and stored into memory (see below). It is also conceivable that other areas that interact with the MTL — for example, the prefrontal cortex, given its role in categorization42 — may be involved in this process. ...
HTM Neuron paper 12-1
... synapses and what kind of large-scale network behavior this enables. It has been previously proposed that non-linear properties of dendrites enable neurons to recognize multiple patterns. In this paper we extend this idea by showing that a neuron with several thousand synapses arranged along active ...
... synapses and what kind of large-scale network behavior this enables. It has been previously proposed that non-linear properties of dendrites enable neurons to recognize multiple patterns. In this paper we extend this idea by showing that a neuron with several thousand synapses arranged along active ...