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PhysRevLett.102.137201_17
PhysRevLett.102.137201_17

... exhibits collinear ‘‘up-up-down’’ (UUD) order shown in Fig. 1(c) over a finite field interval, yielding a 1=3magnetization plateau [4–7]. At its boundaries, the UUD phase undergoes first-order transitions into planar states [6–9]. Further experiments [6,10] on Cs2 CuBr4 suggest the presence of a nar ...
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... Before beginning the technical discussion, it may be appropriate to mention briefly some quasi-philosophical points, which were important in the motivation for this work. There can be little doubt that the leading idea of the current theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect, namely that it is du ...
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... states for a di erent number of electrons, N , in a diskshaped dot. We employ an exact diagonalization technique incorporating many body interactions, and the e ect of a nite thickness of the dot disk, to understand the magnetic eld induced transitions of ground states. The e ect of nite thicknes ...
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... In a dc motor, an armature rotates inside a magnetic field. Basic working principle of DC motor is based on the fact that whenever a current carrying conductor is placed inside a magnetic field, there will be mechanical force experienced by that conductor. All kinds of DC motors work in this princip ...
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Andy Schoefield`s review on Non

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Ferromagnetism



Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.
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