Energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest
... Recently, the problem of low-energy electronic states in spheroidal fullerenes as well as the influence of a weak uniform external magnetic field pointed in the z and x directions has been considered 关1–3兴. The main findings were the discovery of the fine structure with a specific shift of the elect ...
... Recently, the problem of low-energy electronic states in spheroidal fullerenes as well as the influence of a weak uniform external magnetic field pointed in the z and x directions has been considered 关1–3兴. The main findings were the discovery of the fine structure with a specific shift of the elect ...
Addressing of individual atoms in an optical dipole trap
... laser field results in an absorbtion of the momentum ~k, where k is the wave vector with the absolute value of k = 2π/λ. The succeeding emission of a photon can be stimulated by the laser field (induced emission) or occur spontaneously. In the first case the momentum of the emitted photon is equal t ...
... laser field results in an absorbtion of the momentum ~k, where k is the wave vector with the absolute value of k = 2π/λ. The succeeding emission of a photon can be stimulated by the laser field (induced emission) or occur spontaneously. In the first case the momentum of the emitted photon is equal t ...
S–I–S its S–I transition C.D. , Kwangmoo Kim
... are substantial differences. For example, even though the order parameter decays exponentially into the I region, as in an S–N–S junction, our junction will behave more like an S–I–S junction since the non-superconducting region in isolation would be insulating at zero temperature. Also, the composi ...
... are substantial differences. For example, even though the order parameter decays exponentially into the I region, as in an S–N–S junction, our junction will behave more like an S–I–S junction since the non-superconducting region in isolation would be insulating at zero temperature. Also, the composi ...
L6-Imperfections
... directions for which dislocation movement is easier – these are called the slip planes and slip directions Slip displacements are tiny – however, if a large number of dislocations traverse a crystal, moving on many planes, the material deforms at a macroscopic level ...
... directions for which dislocation movement is easier – these are called the slip planes and slip directions Slip displacements are tiny – however, if a large number of dislocations traverse a crystal, moving on many planes, the material deforms at a macroscopic level ...
Introduction - Princeton University Press
... In most of the existent literature on noninteracting topological insulators, it is implicitly assumed that nontrivial topology implies the presence of gapless edge states in the energy spectrum of a system with boundaries. However, it is well known from the literature on topological phases that such ...
... In most of the existent literature on noninteracting topological insulators, it is implicitly assumed that nontrivial topology implies the presence of gapless edge states in the energy spectrum of a system with boundaries. However, it is well known from the literature on topological phases that such ...
Statistical mechanics - University of Guelph Physics
... An irreversible transformation from state A to state B is one which can be performed only in this direction; the reversed transformation would introduce additional changes in the system or its surroundings. As an example of an irreversible transformation, consider the free expansion of a gas caused ...
... An irreversible transformation from state A to state B is one which can be performed only in this direction; the reversed transformation would introduce additional changes in the system or its surroundings. As an example of an irreversible transformation, consider the free expansion of a gas caused ...
Thermally Driven Crossover from Indirect toward Direct Bandgap in
... bandgap. This difference of 0.16 eV is much smaller than the difference of 0.35 eV between the direct (1.54 eV) and indirect (1.89 eV) bandgap of single-layer MoS2. As the number of layers increases, the quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction is relaxed, and therefore the indirect bandgap v ...
... bandgap. This difference of 0.16 eV is much smaller than the difference of 0.35 eV between the direct (1.54 eV) and indirect (1.89 eV) bandgap of single-layer MoS2. As the number of layers increases, the quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction is relaxed, and therefore the indirect bandgap v ...
E. Waltersson, On the role of the electron
... the exact energy density functional is known, which generally is not the case. ...
... the exact energy density functional is known, which generally is not the case. ...
Effect of Electron–Electron Interaction on Spin Relaxation of Charge
... sented in [29] were obtained for only one value of twodimensional quantum-well electron concentration in nonzero magnetic field at temperatures above 120 K. They cannot be used to evaluate the relative contributions of electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering and distinguish between the effe ...
... sented in [29] were obtained for only one value of twodimensional quantum-well electron concentration in nonzero magnetic field at temperatures above 120 K. They cannot be used to evaluate the relative contributions of electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering and distinguish between the effe ...
Physics 137B
... obtain an upper bound on the energy of the ground state energy. (b). Write down a one=paramter ansatz that you could use, with the variational principle, to obtain an upper bound on the energy of the first-excited state. Explain the reasoning behind your choice of ansatz, but do not go further with ...
... obtain an upper bound on the energy of the ground state energy. (b). Write down a one=paramter ansatz that you could use, with the variational principle, to obtain an upper bound on the energy of the first-excited state. Explain the reasoning behind your choice of ansatz, but do not go further with ...
Quantum Mechanics and Solid State Physics for Electric
... are very broad we had to restrict the material presented to those areas which have the greatest practical importance. The unconventional concepts of these disciplines provide the physical basis for upt o dat engeneering. Therefore the method we are following does not requires complicated and subtle ...
... are very broad we had to restrict the material presented to those areas which have the greatest practical importance. The unconventional concepts of these disciplines provide the physical basis for upt o dat engeneering. Therefore the method we are following does not requires complicated and subtle ...
Biocompatibility evaluation of nickel
... for a specific application requires a piece of NiTi to be molded into the desired shape. The characteristic heat treatment is then done to set the specimen to its final shape. The heat treatment methods used to set shapes in both the shape memory and the superelastic forms of NiTi are similar. Adequ ...
... for a specific application requires a piece of NiTi to be molded into the desired shape. The characteristic heat treatment is then done to set the specimen to its final shape. The heat treatment methods used to set shapes in both the shape memory and the superelastic forms of NiTi are similar. Adequ ...
Inside The Miscibility Gap Lars Johnson Nanostructuring and Phase Transformations
... microelectronics industry. Thin films are most commonly created by the condensation of a vapour on the surface to be coated, and through deposition as a thin layer, materials with widely different properties than those achievable in bulk phases are possible. This is the reason for the popularity of t ...
... microelectronics industry. Thin films are most commonly created by the condensation of a vapour on the surface to be coated, and through deposition as a thin layer, materials with widely different properties than those achievable in bulk phases are possible. This is the reason for the popularity of t ...
Implementation of quantum logic gates using polar molecules in
... This represents a spherical pendulum: B J 2 is the rotational energy, with B the rotational constant, and µ the permanent dipole moment; θ is the polar angle between the molecular axis and the external field direction. At the ultracold temperatures that we consider, the translational kinetic energy ...
... This represents a spherical pendulum: B J 2 is the rotational energy, with B the rotational constant, and µ the permanent dipole moment; θ is the polar angle between the molecular axis and the external field direction. At the ultracold temperatures that we consider, the translational kinetic energy ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.