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IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)

Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) Buck Converter with Tapped
Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) Buck Converter with Tapped

Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Electrical
Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Electrical

... two types of connections, wye and delta. Furthermore, in wye-connected threephase circuits, the line voltages are greater than the phase voltages by the factor √3 and the line and phase currents are equal. On the other hand, in delta-connected three-phase circuits, the line currents are greater than ...
TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS Most of the world`s electric
TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS Most of the world`s electric

... lines from individual. local generators without being part of a grid system, many more generation resources would be needed to serve the load with the same reliability, and the cost of electricity would be much higher. With that perspective, transmission is often an alternative to a new generation r ...
Power Terminals
Power Terminals

Evaluates:  MAX1710/MAX1711 MAX1710 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX1710/MAX1711 MAX1710 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... data sheet’s standard 7A notebook CPU application circuit (see MAX1710/MAX1711 data sheet). This DC-DC converter steps down high-voltage batteries and/or AC adapters, generating a precision, low-voltage CPU core VCC rail. The circuit was designed for a 7V to 24V battery range, but accommodates from ...
ER Week32, Transformer Theory
ER Week32, Transformer Theory

...  Taps are connections in the secondary windings that are not at the ends of the winding.  Taps allow one transformer to provide a number of output different voltages.  For example, Figure 32-11 illustrates a transformer with a center tap on the secondary windings which yields two 60 V output volt ...
practical File
practical File

IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)

... removal and cooling system. Low power is now a principal them in VLSI domain. Three most important factors now days to be optimized are area, power and performance. In the past area, reliability, cost and performance was given utmost importance and power reduction was negligible. Requirement for low ...
FDS6975 Dual P-Channel, Logic Level, PowerTrench MOSFET
FDS6975 Dual P-Channel, Logic Level, PowerTrench MOSFET

... 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life the body, or (b) support or sus ...
Introduction to Basic Electronic Components. Test and Measurement
Introduction to Basic Electronic Components. Test and Measurement

... Integrated Circuits (IC) ...
Fig. 4(a) Waveforms for positive and negative half cycles of supply
Fig. 4(a) Waveforms for positive and negative half cycles of supply

PWM for DC motor driver circuit
PWM for DC motor driver circuit

... varies the ratio between high- and low-logic times per cycle. This cycle is called duty cycle. For the square wave, in Figure 2 the ratio of high- and low- logic is one. However, when the high/low logic changes, the ratio may change. What happens if we change this ratio? If we keep the duty cycle co ...
Letter - AEGIS Shaft Grounding
Letter - AEGIS Shaft Grounding

... To protect bearings from destructive shaft voltages, all VFD driven AC motors should incorporate AEGIS® shaft grounding as a standard. Refer to AEGIS® Bearing Protection Handbook for Best Practices. AEGIS® Bearing Protection Rings are Manufactured in the USA ...
EE05 MITS sadhna 1
EE05 MITS sadhna 1

PEO-Underpinning-Knowledge-Questions-Power
PEO-Underpinning-Knowledge-Questions-Power

Fundamentals of Passive Component Behavior at High Frequencies
Fundamentals of Passive Component Behavior at High Frequencies

TLE4250-2G
TLE4250-2G

... Protection circuitry prevent the IC as well as the application from destruction in case of catastrophic events. These safeguards contain output current limitation, reverse polarity protection as well as thermal shutdown in case of overtemperature. In order to avoid excessive power dissipation that c ...
Some “facts” about software…
Some “facts” about software…

1 Practical Logic Characteristics
1 Practical Logic Characteristics

... defined from the coordinates on the input-output transfer characteristic where the slope is –1. This is done on the basis of the effect on the circuit which applies to noise and interference components superimposed on the logic signal. Consider slowly changing the input voltage from one logic state ...
Capacitor Self
Capacitor Self

... on the amount of doping (impurities such as gallium or arsenic) that is implanted in the silicon. One region of semiconductor within the diode is called the P region. The P region has been doped with an impurity which causes the presence of holes, or incomplete covalent bonds in the semiconductor c ...
Avoiding Operational Amplifier Output Stage Saturation by Gain
Avoiding Operational Amplifier Output Stage Saturation by Gain

... Figure 1 shows the application schematic based on the operational amplifier TLV2462. The device is used as noninverting with a 5-V single supply and a positive input voltage signal. The TLV2462 has a 6.4-MHz bandwidth product and is the solution for several applications. In this example, the gain of ...
Double circuit line protection
Double circuit line protection

... Different double line topologies have to be considered for various fault conditions and the recommended solutions that are available for these scenarios are often not implemented in practice. The use of single line settings are often only considered without analyzing the mutual coupling effects. Als ...
Waves and Impedances on Transmission Lines
Waves and Impedances on Transmission Lines

... The Smith Chart has at least four benefits: 1. All possible values of Γ, hence all possible values of Z, lie within the unit circle. 2. For a given termination, the variation of Γ with transmission line position is simply a rotation on the chart with no change in magnitude |Γ|, and hence, no change ...
V Series Rectifier 102407
V Series Rectifier 102407

... density and power levels in a true plug and play format. With a wide range of available voltages, power ratings, and form factors, the rectifiers allow optimal system design and cost effective deployment from initial install through future upgrades ...
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Electrical substation



A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.
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