FFTNS and the shifting balance theory p2
... This represents the far side of a fitness valley. Once the C allele gets across this valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population ...
... This represents the far side of a fitness valley. Once the C allele gets across this valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population ...
Speciation in Drosophila: From Phenotypes to Molecules
... earlier workers. Several genes that cause reproductive isolation have been identified and characterized. These genes are Xmrk-2, which causes inviability in backcross hybrids between the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the swordtail Xiphophorus helleri (Wittbrodt et al. 1989); OdsH, which causes ...
... earlier workers. Several genes that cause reproductive isolation have been identified and characterized. These genes are Xmrk-2, which causes inviability in backcross hybrids between the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the swordtail Xiphophorus helleri (Wittbrodt et al. 1989); OdsH, which causes ...
Speciation in Drosophila: From Phenotypes to Molecules
... earlier workers. Several genes that cause reproductive isolation have been identified and characterized. These genes are Xmrk-2, which causes inviability in backcross hybrids between the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the swordtail Xiphophorus helleri (Wittbrodt et al. 1989); OdsH, which causes ...
... earlier workers. Several genes that cause reproductive isolation have been identified and characterized. These genes are Xmrk-2, which causes inviability in backcross hybrids between the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the swordtail Xiphophorus helleri (Wittbrodt et al. 1989); OdsH, which causes ...
Cross Breeding Suris and Huacayas
... began his now famous Accoyo herd. Accoyo suris bring a significant premium in the US today, primarily because most breeders consider Accoyo suris to be the purest or most homozygous suris in the world. Note: Don Julio Barreda passed away in 2006. In the late 1990’s US breeders were paying a premium ...
... began his now famous Accoyo herd. Accoyo suris bring a significant premium in the US today, primarily because most breeders consider Accoyo suris to be the purest or most homozygous suris in the world. Note: Don Julio Barreda passed away in 2006. In the late 1990’s US breeders were paying a premium ...
An Abstract Description of Biological Evolution
... their co-players. The effect of these actions is also the only environmental process that impinges on agents. The model of the environment just consists of mechanisms for deciding when and which agents will play, administering actions and energy changes, producing copies and removing dead agents. In ...
... their co-players. The effect of these actions is also the only environmental process that impinges on agents. The model of the environment just consists of mechanisms for deciding when and which agents will play, administering actions and energy changes, producing copies and removing dead agents. In ...
Evolving swarm intelligence for task allocation in a real time strategy
... Note that LA-DCOP and Swarm-GAP are very similar regarding the token-based protocol for coordination. The difference in both algorithms lies in the way the agents allocate tasks. In LA-DCOP, the process corresponds to solving an instance of the BKP whereas in Swarm-GAP, agents allocate tasks in a pr ...
... Note that LA-DCOP and Swarm-GAP are very similar regarding the token-based protocol for coordination. The difference in both algorithms lies in the way the agents allocate tasks. In LA-DCOP, the process corresponds to solving an instance of the BKP whereas in Swarm-GAP, agents allocate tasks in a pr ...
A Novel Compact Genetic Algorithm using Offspring Survival
... cGA using os-ES. Section IV shows the simulation results on well-known benchmark functions. Section V presents the summary of the results. ...
... cGA using os-ES. Section IV shows the simulation results on well-known benchmark functions. Section V presents the summary of the results. ...
From out of old fields comes all this new corn
... this quarter century” Mangelsdorf, 1951 A plant breeding phenomena that we very successful exploit commercially, the biological basis of which remains poorly ...
... this quarter century” Mangelsdorf, 1951 A plant breeding phenomena that we very successful exploit commercially, the biological basis of which remains poorly ...
Disruptive selection and then what?
... Increase in genetic variation Disruptive selection affects the frequency distributions of alleles and genotypes within a population. For traits determined by several loci with additive effects, disruptive selection increases genetic variance by equalizing the frequencies of existing alleles at polym ...
... Increase in genetic variation Disruptive selection affects the frequency distributions of alleles and genotypes within a population. For traits determined by several loci with additive effects, disruptive selection increases genetic variance by equalizing the frequencies of existing alleles at polym ...
Population genetics by Knud Christensen
... influence milk yields. In reality, numerous gene pairs have to be involved for selection to be carried out generation after generation without the genetic variation diapers when selecting . ...
... influence milk yields. In reality, numerous gene pairs have to be involved for selection to be carried out generation after generation without the genetic variation diapers when selecting . ...
Symbiotic Sympatric Speciation: Compliance with Interaction
... so easy following this standard evolutionary genetics. If slight genetic change leads to slight phenotype change, then individuals arising from mutation from the same genetic group differ only slightly according to this picture. Then, these individuals compete each other for the same niche. Unless t ...
... so easy following this standard evolutionary genetics. If slight genetic change leads to slight phenotype change, then individuals arising from mutation from the same genetic group differ only slightly according to this picture. Then, these individuals compete each other for the same niche. Unless t ...
Applet for calculating heritability for threshold traits
... milk, as shown in section 1.4. To make this possible there has to be an effect from numerous gene pairs. In the present example using only two gene pairs, they could be fixed after one generation of selection. ...
... milk, as shown in section 1.4. To make this possible there has to be an effect from numerous gene pairs. In the present example using only two gene pairs, they could be fixed after one generation of selection. ...
Space, sympatry and speciation
... After considering the problem of gene flow more carefully, Mayr (1947: 269) revised his definition of sympatric speciation to ‘the establishment of new populations in different ecological niches within the normal cruising range of individuals of the parental population’. However, such geographic rea ...
... After considering the problem of gene flow more carefully, Mayr (1947: 269) revised his definition of sympatric speciation to ‘the establishment of new populations in different ecological niches within the normal cruising range of individuals of the parental population’. However, such geographic rea ...
Machine Evolution - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... point is selected at random and parts of the two parent chromosomes are swapped to create two offspring with a probability which is called crossover rate. ...
... point is selected at random and parts of the two parent chromosomes are swapped to create two offspring with a probability which is called crossover rate. ...
Compatible genetic and ecological estimates of dispersal rates in
... method. Because C. mercuriale is less philopatric than species investigated previously by the regression method we evaluate a refined estimator that may be more applicable for relatively mobile species. Results from simulations and empirical data sets reveal that the new estimator performs better un ...
... method. Because C. mercuriale is less philopatric than species investigated previously by the regression method we evaluate a refined estimator that may be more applicable for relatively mobile species. Results from simulations and empirical data sets reveal that the new estimator performs better un ...
Inbreeding in Cattle
... of inbreeding centers on genetically superior individuals. Linebreeding is probably the best known use of inbreeding. Linebreeding is an attempt to maintain a high relationship to some outstanding ancestor while keeping inbreeding as low as possible. Linebreeding has been attempted in most breeds of ...
... of inbreeding centers on genetically superior individuals. Linebreeding is probably the best known use of inbreeding. Linebreeding is an attempt to maintain a high relationship to some outstanding ancestor while keeping inbreeding as low as possible. Linebreeding has been attempted in most breeds of ...
6 Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches
... and also the genotypes of its social partners ( indirect fitness effect ), as illustrated in Figure 6.1a. That is, all fitness accounting is done through the effects on this focal individual, such that the fitness of an average recipient of the behaviour ( w ) is expressed as a function of that indi ...
... and also the genotypes of its social partners ( indirect fitness effect ), as illustrated in Figure 6.1a. That is, all fitness accounting is done through the effects on this focal individual, such that the fitness of an average recipient of the behaviour ( w ) is expressed as a function of that indi ...
Adaptive Speciation: Introduction
... biological speciation are still debated vigorously. The traditional “standard model” of speciation rests on the assumption of geographic isolation. After a population has become subdivided by external causes – like fragmentation through environmental change or colonization of a new, disconnected hab ...
... biological speciation are still debated vigorously. The traditional “standard model” of speciation rests on the assumption of geographic isolation. After a population has become subdivided by external causes – like fragmentation through environmental change or colonization of a new, disconnected hab ...
Inclusive Fitness and the Sociobiology of the Genome Herbert Gintis
... Nevertheless the two are often equated, even in the technical literature. For instance, throughout his authoritative presentation of sexual allocation theory, Stuart ?, identifies inclusive fitness with kin selection in several places and never distinguishes between the two terms at any point in the ...
... Nevertheless the two are often equated, even in the technical literature. For instance, throughout his authoritative presentation of sexual allocation theory, Stuart ?, identifies inclusive fitness with kin selection in several places and never distinguishes between the two terms at any point in the ...
Ancient lakes revisited: from the ecology to the genetics of speciation
... fossil and biogeographical evidence that many adaptive radiations in ancient lakes have occurred at a very high rate. The mean times to speciation for amphipods and sculpins in Lake Baikal have been estimated at 5–7 and 0.6–0.9 Myr, respectively, while speciation intervals for cichlids range from 0. ...
... fossil and biogeographical evidence that many adaptive radiations in ancient lakes have occurred at a very high rate. The mean times to speciation for amphipods and sculpins in Lake Baikal have been estimated at 5–7 and 0.6–0.9 Myr, respectively, while speciation intervals for cichlids range from 0. ...
rapid evolutionary escape by large populations from local fitness
... of one or more low-fitness valley genotypes followed by the appearance and fixation of the escape genotype; in large populations these jointly beneficial mutations will fix simultaneously. However, whereas in the absence of recombination this process is deterministic, for sufficiently large recombin ...
... of one or more low-fitness valley genotypes followed by the appearance and fixation of the escape genotype; in large populations these jointly beneficial mutations will fix simultaneously. However, whereas in the absence of recombination this process is deterministic, for sufficiently large recombin ...