goodfield tennessee deep water lot
... has been little change in mean yield (2015: 2.1 t/ha). So the need is for genotypes which maintain good yields in stressed conditions. This is one objective that has become easier to study using new techniques, in particular genomics and crop models. In the past, drought resistance was difficult to me ...
... has been little change in mean yield (2015: 2.1 t/ha). So the need is for genotypes which maintain good yields in stressed conditions. This is one objective that has become easier to study using new techniques, in particular genomics and crop models. In the past, drought resistance was difficult to me ...
The genetic consequences of fluctuating inbreeding depression and
... the effectiveness of purging itself may depend on environmental fluctuations, as a result of environment-dependent inbreeding depression (e.g. Bijlsma et al., 1999), a phenomenon that has received little theoretical attention so far. To properly assess the actual role of environmental fluctuations i ...
... the effectiveness of purging itself may depend on environmental fluctuations, as a result of environment-dependent inbreeding depression (e.g. Bijlsma et al., 1999), a phenomenon that has received little theoretical attention so far. To properly assess the actual role of environmental fluctuations i ...
2013 - Allied Academies
... This case report was occasioned by the ascertainment of a 25-year-old Chinese man (IV-1) married to a nonconsanguineous woman with normal chromosomes (IV2). This couple had had a son who died at age 6 months, was buried without an autopsy, but had had a chromosome study because of cerebral palsy. Th ...
... This case report was occasioned by the ascertainment of a 25-year-old Chinese man (IV-1) married to a nonconsanguineous woman with normal chromosomes (IV2). This couple had had a son who died at age 6 months, was buried without an autopsy, but had had a chromosome study because of cerebral palsy. Th ...
Chapter 7- Ecology of Phenotypic Plasticity
... organism that has plasticity for a focal trait and is adapted to a range of environments is termed a generalist (p. 160). On p. 174, however, he is careful to point out that plasticity must have costs and limits, or else we'd expect to see the evolution of "Darwinian monsters." In the paper, though, ...
... organism that has plasticity for a focal trait and is adapted to a range of environments is termed a generalist (p. 160). On p. 174, however, he is careful to point out that plasticity must have costs and limits, or else we'd expect to see the evolution of "Darwinian monsters." In the paper, though, ...
Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up
... The idea that natural selection can lead to divergence and speciation of sympatric populations dates back to Darwin (Ref. 1). However, sympatric speciation was not particularly controversial until the general acceptance of the allopatric mode of speciation as articulated by Mayr2. In the 1960s, seve ...
... The idea that natural selection can lead to divergence and speciation of sympatric populations dates back to Darwin (Ref. 1). However, sympatric speciation was not particularly controversial until the general acceptance of the allopatric mode of speciation as articulated by Mayr2. In the 1960s, seve ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... rather than finding its way to the global maximum. The problem is that the population stops at a point that is not a maximum at all, whether local or global. If we insist on employing the ‘adaptive landscape’ metaphor in such cases, we should say that the stopping point lies on a ‘slope’ or in a ‘va ...
... rather than finding its way to the global maximum. The problem is that the population stops at a point that is not a maximum at all, whether local or global. If we insist on employing the ‘adaptive landscape’ metaphor in such cases, we should say that the stopping point lies on a ‘slope’ or in a ‘va ...
Implementation of molecular markers for quantitative traits in
... backcross progeny involves selection for heterozygous progeny. If a dominant marker, such as an AFLP band, is used for selection, it will be informative during backcross generations if the dominant allele (conferring band presence) is linked to the donor parent allele. If the recessive allele (confe ...
... backcross progeny involves selection for heterozygous progeny. If a dominant marker, such as an AFLP band, is used for selection, it will be informative during backcross generations if the dominant allele (conferring band presence) is linked to the donor parent allele. If the recessive allele (confe ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... Intuitively, the source of the trouble in multi-locus models is that Mendelian segregation, recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple re ...
... Intuitively, the source of the trouble in multi-locus models is that Mendelian segregation, recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple re ...
Advanced Techniques for Solving Optimization Problems through
... ordered by fitness value. Due to that the population should have always the same dimension at the end of each generational step, all the worst individuals exceeding the maximum number of individuals allowed to form the population will be destroyed. Following this approach, as the generations go on, ...
... ordered by fitness value. Due to that the population should have always the same dimension at the end of each generational step, all the worst individuals exceeding the maximum number of individuals allowed to form the population will be destroyed. Following this approach, as the generations go on, ...
The Story of Bean Breeding - Dry Bean Breeding and Genetics
... Breeders can make fast progress in breeding qualitative traits as the genetic ratios are predictable making them easy to select. Many disease resistance traits are qualitatively inherited. Breeding methods such as backcross method are very effective for improving qualitative traits such as disease r ...
... Breeders can make fast progress in breeding qualitative traits as the genetic ratios are predictable making them easy to select. Many disease resistance traits are qualitatively inherited. Breeding methods such as backcross method are very effective for improving qualitative traits such as disease r ...
Genetic structure of captive and free
... genetic drift still occurs (albeit at a lower rate) because of the randomness of Mendelian segregation. Consequently, captive breeding usually leads to a loss of genetic variation, differentiation from the wild population, and an increase in the frequency of alleles that are deleterious and/or parti ...
... genetic drift still occurs (albeit at a lower rate) because of the randomness of Mendelian segregation. Consequently, captive breeding usually leads to a loss of genetic variation, differentiation from the wild population, and an increase in the frequency of alleles that are deleterious and/or parti ...
What role does natural selection play in speciation?
... and viability are equivalent. However, there is a linear trade-off between the chances of settling in either niche, whereas viabilities may be constrained arbitrarily. With a convex trade-off, a sexual population evolves a single generalist genotype, whereas with a concave trade-off, disruptive sele ...
... and viability are equivalent. However, there is a linear trade-off between the chances of settling in either niche, whereas viabilities may be constrained arbitrarily. With a convex trade-off, a sexual population evolves a single generalist genotype, whereas with a concave trade-off, disruptive sele ...
Systems of mating
... • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Deviations from Random Mating in a Deme (either the tendency to preferentially mate with relatives or to preferentially avoid mating with relatives relative to random mating) ...
... • Inbreeding Can Be Measured by Deviations from Random Mating in a Deme (either the tendency to preferentially mate with relatives or to preferentially avoid mating with relatives relative to random mating) ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... Kondrashov and Mina (1986) and Tauber and Tauber (1989) compared theoretical investigations of sympaWic speciation with data collected from naturally occurring populations of insects, fish and molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversific ...
... Kondrashov and Mina (1986) and Tauber and Tauber (1989) compared theoretical investigations of sympaWic speciation with data collected from naturally occurring populations of insects, fish and molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversific ...
Title:Breeding Gilt Evaluation
... 4. What problems may arise from a fat uddered gilt? 5. List the common defects/flaws that arise in underlines. 6. With the wide use of artificial insemination in modern pork production, why is it important to discriminate against vulva defects? 7. Why are performance records an integral element in t ...
... 4. What problems may arise from a fat uddered gilt? 5. List the common defects/flaws that arise in underlines. 6. With the wide use of artificial insemination in modern pork production, why is it important to discriminate against vulva defects? 7. Why are performance records an integral element in t ...
Inclusive fitness and the sociobiology of the genome
... that the interaction is costly but involves reducing the fitness of others, and (5) can hold with r \ 0, while the focal allele is still altruistic (Bourke 2011). Examples are warfare in ants (Hölldobler and Wilson 1990) and humans (Bowles and Gintis 2011), as well as generally spiteful behavior in ...
... that the interaction is costly but involves reducing the fitness of others, and (5) can hold with r \ 0, while the focal allele is still altruistic (Bourke 2011). Examples are warfare in ants (Hölldobler and Wilson 1990) and humans (Bowles and Gintis 2011), as well as generally spiteful behavior in ...
Kuijper et al JEB
... find that Cm can invade for considerably lower values of sm relative to the haploid case (Fig. 5d–f). The Cm allele invades as its fitness when rare is largely masked in females, whereas it provides a large fitness benefit in males. However, it will typically not achieve fixation, as the fitness cos ...
... find that Cm can invade for considerably lower values of sm relative to the haploid case (Fig. 5d–f). The Cm allele invades as its fitness when rare is largely masked in females, whereas it provides a large fitness benefit in males. However, it will typically not achieve fixation, as the fitness cos ...
Ecological speciation in phytophagous insects
... can generally be thought of as traits under selection, whereas preference traits (those involved in alighting, feeding, and oviposition preference) might generally be thought of as reproductive isolation (Table 1). In addition to the three components mentioned above, we consider several other topics ...
... can generally be thought of as traits under selection, whereas preference traits (those involved in alighting, feeding, and oviposition preference) might generally be thought of as reproductive isolation (Table 1). In addition to the three components mentioned above, we consider several other topics ...
Can transgenic mosquitoes afford the fitness cost? - MiVEGEC
... drawn from a model system in laboratory conditions and therefore remain to be tested with natural mosquito– Plasmodium combinations, a prerequisite for any conclusion concerning malaria control [16]. We discuss two of these aspects here. First, the benefit of harbouring the transgene was maximized i ...
... drawn from a model system in laboratory conditions and therefore remain to be tested with natural mosquito– Plasmodium combinations, a prerequisite for any conclusion concerning malaria control [16]. We discuss two of these aspects here. First, the benefit of harbouring the transgene was maximized i ...
Is Organismic Fitness at the Basis of Evolutionary Theory?
... change in a population. If we ask what underlies this rate of change, the answer will involve several components. If there is immigration, than the immigrants can change trait frequencies. Similarly, emigration can change frequencies, especially if there is a difference in the propensity of differen ...
... change in a population. If we ask what underlies this rate of change, the answer will involve several components. If there is immigration, than the immigrants can change trait frequencies. Similarly, emigration can change frequencies, especially if there is a difference in the propensity of differen ...
Sexual selection can constrain sympatric speciation
... (rij ⬍ 1/3 for the plant model, rij ⬍ 1/6 for the animal model when pi = p j = 1/2 and bi = b j ) suffices to reverse that trend, however, so that stronger assortment actually decreases the overall variance. Thus tighter linkage inhibits the potential for sympatric speciation. If it occurs, the full ...
... (rij ⬍ 1/3 for the plant model, rij ⬍ 1/6 for the animal model when pi = p j = 1/2 and bi = b j ) suffices to reverse that trend, however, so that stronger assortment actually decreases the overall variance. Thus tighter linkage inhibits the potential for sympatric speciation. If it occurs, the full ...
Is Drift a Serious Alternative to Natural Selection
... Royall’s story brings out the fact that judgments about evidential meaning are essentially comparative. To decide whether an observation is evidence against H, we usually need to know what alternatives there are to H. In typical cases, to test a hypothesis requires testing it against alternatives.4 ...
... Royall’s story brings out the fact that judgments about evidential meaning are essentially comparative. To decide whether an observation is evidence against H, we usually need to know what alternatives there are to H. In typical cases, to test a hypothesis requires testing it against alternatives.4 ...
Development and implementation of genomic predictions in beef cattle
... producers tend, in general, to be slower adopters of technology than dairy farmers. This could be due to a multitude of reasons, including the lower business margin. Poor adoption rates, even in the use of measures of genetic merit as a whole (i.e., expected progeny differences, or EPDs), provide li ...
... producers tend, in general, to be slower adopters of technology than dairy farmers. This could be due to a multitude of reasons, including the lower business margin. Poor adoption rates, even in the use of measures of genetic merit as a whole (i.e., expected progeny differences, or EPDs), provide li ...
Animal breeding
... More generally, when we sample a population we are not looking at a single pedigree, but rather a complex collections of pedigrees. What are the rules of transmission (for the population) in this case? What happens to the frequencies of alleles from one generation to the next? What about the frequen ...
... More generally, when we sample a population we are not looking at a single pedigree, but rather a complex collections of pedigrees. What are the rules of transmission (for the population) in this case? What happens to the frequencies of alleles from one generation to the next? What about the frequen ...
Escherichia coli rpoB Mutants Have Increased
... quantitative expectations for how a mutation with a given deleterious fitness effect should influence evolvability, and they will thus inform future studies of how deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations targeting other cellular processes impact the evolutionary potential of microorganisms. K ...
... quantitative expectations for how a mutation with a given deleterious fitness effect should influence evolvability, and they will thus inform future studies of how deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations targeting other cellular processes impact the evolutionary potential of microorganisms. K ...