The American Naturalist
... This is interesting, because in such cases, males have more to gain from mate choice in terms of indirect genetic benefits than do females. Also note that nongenetic maternal effects on offspring performance are commonly very large, and they inflate the maternal variance component further (e.g., Hun ...
... This is interesting, because in such cases, males have more to gain from mate choice in terms of indirect genetic benefits than do females. Also note that nongenetic maternal effects on offspring performance are commonly very large, and they inflate the maternal variance component further (e.g., Hun ...
THE EVOLUTION OF SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE IN A
... nance had evolved. It shows there will still be variance for selection to act upon: indeed the fitness of the heterozygote continues to increase and the polymorphism which has been established becomes more and more stable. In practice this will not happen because the fitness of the heterozygote, lik ...
... nance had evolved. It shows there will still be variance for selection to act upon: indeed the fitness of the heterozygote continues to increase and the polymorphism which has been established becomes more and more stable. In practice this will not happen because the fitness of the heterozygote, lik ...
Investigating sea turtle migration using DNA markers
... mating system and implies that, with regard to reproduction, particular local or regional nesting assemblages of sea turtles must be considered to be autonomous demographically for management purposes. Interestingly, a contrasting perspective on conservation is provided by genetic studies at other s ...
... mating system and implies that, with regard to reproduction, particular local or regional nesting assemblages of sea turtles must be considered to be autonomous demographically for management purposes. Interestingly, a contrasting perspective on conservation is provided by genetic studies at other s ...
Correlations between sex rate estimates and fitness across
... diversity (D’Souza & Michiels, 2006; this study). This suggests that the production of tetraploids leads to an increase of genotypic diversity among triploids. Hence, especially the proportion of tetraploids can be used as a reliable estimate of the rate of (rare) sex in S. polychroa. The associatio ...
... diversity (D’Souza & Michiels, 2006; this study). This suggests that the production of tetraploids leads to an increase of genotypic diversity among triploids. Hence, especially the proportion of tetraploids can be used as a reliable estimate of the rate of (rare) sex in S. polychroa. The associatio ...
Part-5A - UTK-EECS
... • Evolutionary Programming – natural representation, no crossover, time-varying ...
... • Evolutionary Programming – natural representation, no crossover, time-varying ...
Lesson 1.1: Fitness for Life
... Cardiovascular Fitness Guidelines Fitness Guidelines • Aerobic exercise on a regular basis (3-5 times per week, heart rate in the target zone, for 20 min or more) should provide you with a good level of fitness. • Fitness standards identified with different physical fitness test can help you see wh ...
... Cardiovascular Fitness Guidelines Fitness Guidelines • Aerobic exercise on a regular basis (3-5 times per week, heart rate in the target zone, for 20 min or more) should provide you with a good level of fitness. • Fitness standards identified with different physical fitness test can help you see wh ...
Genetic erosion impedes adaptive responses to stressful
... by the same dynamics as neutral genetic variation independent of whether the alleles have deleterious or beneficial effects on fitness (Kimura 1983:45). On the other hand, deleterious alleles with large fitness effect, such as recessive lethals and detrimentals, will be effectively selected against ...
... by the same dynamics as neutral genetic variation independent of whether the alleles have deleterious or beneficial effects on fitness (Kimura 1983:45). On the other hand, deleterious alleles with large fitness effect, such as recessive lethals and detrimentals, will be effectively selected against ...
`Ewa`ewa or Sooty Tern - Maui Nui Seabird Recovery Project
... Eight ‘ewa‘ewa (sooty tern) subspecies are recognized, and one (S. f. oahuensis) breeds in Hawai‘i. Individuals have long, slender wings and a deeply forked tail. Adult males and females are blackish above, except for white forehead and white on the edges of the outer most tail feathers, and entirel ...
... Eight ‘ewa‘ewa (sooty tern) subspecies are recognized, and one (S. f. oahuensis) breeds in Hawai‘i. Individuals have long, slender wings and a deeply forked tail. Adult males and females are blackish above, except for white forehead and white on the edges of the outer most tail feathers, and entirel ...
A Fine-Grained View of Phenotypes and Locality in Genetic
... This representation can be run inside a suitable interpreter, and it will give the same ant path and fitness as the original GP genotype. Crucially, this representation is sufficiently abstract that it could also be used as a phenotype for several other types of GP in which the ant problem might be ...
... This representation can be run inside a suitable interpreter, and it will give the same ant path and fitness as the original GP genotype. Crucially, this representation is sufficiently abstract that it could also be used as a phenotype for several other types of GP in which the ant problem might be ...
ª2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.022
... selection. Ecological isolation and DM interaction can independently contribute to speciation. Among fully fledged species, the majority of genes identified as components of DM interactions are unrelated to adaptation [6]. An exception is the DM interaction between a nuclear gene AEP2 in Saccharomyc ...
... selection. Ecological isolation and DM interaction can independently contribute to speciation. Among fully fledged species, the majority of genes identified as components of DM interactions are unrelated to adaptation [6]. An exception is the DM interaction between a nuclear gene AEP2 in Saccharomyc ...
6.6 Selection: Winning and Losing
... some individuals to perform better than others.Over many generations,Darwin and Wallace argued, selection can drive large-scaleevolutionary change,allowing new adaptationsto arise.In Chapter 10,we will considerthe origin of adaptationsin more detail. For now, let's focus on the question of how selec ...
... some individuals to perform better than others.Over many generations,Darwin and Wallace argued, selection can drive large-scaleevolutionary change,allowing new adaptationsto arise.In Chapter 10,we will considerthe origin of adaptationsin more detail. For now, let's focus on the question of how selec ...
A Niched Cartesian Genetic Programming for Evolvable Hardware
... ruggedness of the fitness landscape by using the auto-correlation function and found complicated spaces contain many peaks that can lead to deceptions when using the evolving process. This means it is very difficult to search for the optimal points. In CGP, the individuals that have the greater fitn ...
... ruggedness of the fitness landscape by using the auto-correlation function and found complicated spaces contain many peaks that can lead to deceptions when using the evolving process. This means it is very difficult to search for the optimal points. In CGP, the individuals that have the greater fitn ...
11.1 Genetic Variation Within Populations
... • Recombination New allele combinations form in offspring through a process called recombination. Most recombination occurs during meiosis—the type of cell division needed for sexual reproduction. When gametes are made, each parent’s alleles are arranged in new ways. This shuffling of alleles result ...
... • Recombination New allele combinations form in offspring through a process called recombination. Most recombination occurs during meiosis—the type of cell division needed for sexual reproduction. When gametes are made, each parent’s alleles are arranged in new ways. This shuffling of alleles result ...
handouts
... 95% of 4 is 4 gene convergence: 4 individuals must have same value for a gene location population convergence: 5 gene locations must be converged Example converged populations: Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: ...
... 95% of 4 is 4 gene convergence: 4 individuals must have same value for a gene location population convergence: 5 gene locations must be converged Example converged populations: Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
... • Traditional wildlife management has focused on Ecology (population sizes) • This study shows that over only 30 years, evolution has occurred • Suggests that, in some cases, management strategies must also consider evolution ...
... • Traditional wildlife management has focused on Ecology (population sizes) • This study shows that over only 30 years, evolution has occurred • Suggests that, in some cases, management strategies must also consider evolution ...
Genetic Algorithms: the fitness function
... The timetable example some constraints 1. no two subjects are to be timetable into the same slot. 2. each subject has to be timetabled twice. 3. the more time slots there are between the time table for the same subject, the better the timetable Note: sometimes the problem constraints narrow down the ...
... The timetable example some constraints 1. no two subjects are to be timetable into the same slot. 2. each subject has to be timetabled twice. 3. the more time slots there are between the time table for the same subject, the better the timetable Note: sometimes the problem constraints narrow down the ...
Implications of inbreeding on the dairy industry
... • Had an 8.8-day longer calving interval and increased age at first calving by 2.5 days. ...
... • Had an 8.8-day longer calving interval and increased age at first calving by 2.5 days. ...
Genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation: the lake
... regions underlying divergence and promoting reproductive isolation are still a contentious and debated area of research. While extensive theoretical and empirical research has been conducted, the precise genetic processes that regulate and favour regions of genomic divergence promoting speciation re ...
... regions underlying divergence and promoting reproductive isolation are still a contentious and debated area of research. While extensive theoretical and empirical research has been conducted, the precise genetic processes that regulate and favour regions of genomic divergence promoting speciation re ...
Text S1.
... Based on the mismatch distribution for interspecific pairs of SRK sequences between A. lyrata and A. halleri (Fig. 2), we defined "trans-specifically shared S-alleles", i.e. alleles assumed to have evolved from a single S-allele in the direct ancestor of A. lyrata and A. halleri, as those whose sequ ...
... Based on the mismatch distribution for interspecific pairs of SRK sequences between A. lyrata and A. halleri (Fig. 2), we defined "trans-specifically shared S-alleles", i.e. alleles assumed to have evolved from a single S-allele in the direct ancestor of A. lyrata and A. halleri, as those whose sequ ...
The Role of Nearly Neutral Mutations in the Evolution of Dynamical
... landscapes poses a problem of becoming trapped on a local hilltop. Developments in evolutionary theory and molecular biology have pointed to the importance of selective neutrality. The neutral theory claims that the great majority of evolutionary changes are caused not by Darwinian selection but by ...
... landscapes poses a problem of becoming trapped on a local hilltop. Developments in evolutionary theory and molecular biology have pointed to the importance of selective neutrality. The neutral theory claims that the great majority of evolutionary changes are caused not by Darwinian selection but by ...
and (2) - PolyU EIE
... Compared the random number sequence with the accumulated probabilities, we select the individuals: 1, 8, 9, 6, 7, 5, 8, 4, 6, 10. Individuals 2 and 3 were removed and replaced with individuals 8 and 6. The individuals with high fitness tends to survive but those with low fitness may be removed. ...
... Compared the random number sequence with the accumulated probabilities, we select the individuals: 1, 8, 9, 6, 7, 5, 8, 4, 6, 10. Individuals 2 and 3 were removed and replaced with individuals 8 and 6. The individuals with high fitness tends to survive but those with low fitness may be removed. ...
handout
... pedigree: loci that are IBD and loci that are not-IBD. The alleles at this locus could either be IBD or not. This means there are two ways a wolf could be blind: it could be (IBD AND genotype bb) OR (Not-IBD and genotype bb) The chance the alleles at this locus (or any) locus are IBD depends on the ...
... pedigree: loci that are IBD and loci that are not-IBD. The alleles at this locus could either be IBD or not. This means there are two ways a wolf could be blind: it could be (IBD AND genotype bb) OR (Not-IBD and genotype bb) The chance the alleles at this locus (or any) locus are IBD depends on the ...
Dwarfism - xy-zoo
... These disorders exist with other health complications sometimes present. These include luxating patellas (kneecaps that pop out of joint), arthritis, cataracts, and shortened lifespans. But, none of these disorders can be removed from breeds without fundamentally altering the breed itself. The Minia ...
... These disorders exist with other health complications sometimes present. These include luxating patellas (kneecaps that pop out of joint), arthritis, cataracts, and shortened lifespans. But, none of these disorders can be removed from breeds without fundamentally altering the breed itself. The Minia ...