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Paper
... indications of apoptosis. The reason for this behaviour is not known, till now it seems that mitochondrial dysfunction can be correlated with the amount of applied toxin (Lally et al, 1999). Activation of the precursor toxin is mediated through the action of RtxC, which binds covalently fatty acids ...
... indications of apoptosis. The reason for this behaviour is not known, till now it seems that mitochondrial dysfunction can be correlated with the amount of applied toxin (Lally et al, 1999). Activation of the precursor toxin is mediated through the action of RtxC, which binds covalently fatty acids ...
In plants which portion occurs transpiration?
... Stomatal transpiration: through the stomata. about 90-95% of transpiration occurs by this way. Cuticular transpiration: through the cuticle. About 5% occurs by this way. Lenticular transpiration: through the lenticel. About 1% occurs by this way. ...
... Stomatal transpiration: through the stomata. about 90-95% of transpiration occurs by this way. Cuticular transpiration: through the cuticle. About 5% occurs by this way. Lenticular transpiration: through the lenticel. About 1% occurs by this way. ...
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
Wnt Signaling and a Hox Protein Cooperatively Regulate PSA
... proper fate of the daughter cell. These results indicate that cooperation between Wnt signaling and a Hox protein functions to determine the specific fate of a daughter cell. Introduction During animal development, a zygote generates diverse cell types that have different temporal and spatial identi ...
... proper fate of the daughter cell. These results indicate that cooperation between Wnt signaling and a Hox protein functions to determine the specific fate of a daughter cell. Introduction During animal development, a zygote generates diverse cell types that have different temporal and spatial identi ...
Document
... In a DNA double helix? (a) the two DNA strands are identical (b) purines pair with purines (c) thymine pairs with cytosine (d) the two DNA strands run antiparallel (e) the nucleotides are ribonucleotides ...
... In a DNA double helix? (a) the two DNA strands are identical (b) purines pair with purines (c) thymine pairs with cytosine (d) the two DNA strands run antiparallel (e) the nucleotides are ribonucleotides ...
traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction
... fuse to form one central vacuole 25. It is possible that these pathways overlap and share common components. The amino-acid sequences of protein families that mediate protein trafficking are conserved in plants, animals and yeast; however, it is not possible to predict their functions solely on the ...
... fuse to form one central vacuole 25. It is possible that these pathways overlap and share common components. The amino-acid sequences of protein families that mediate protein trafficking are conserved in plants, animals and yeast; however, it is not possible to predict their functions solely on the ...
the Endoplasmic Reticulum CD1d1 with Cellular Phospholipids
... were transfected with cDNA encoding either the wild-type CD1d1. IA cells are PigA-deficient and hence are unable to synthesize N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI (23), the first glycosylated product in GPI biosynthesis. Electroporation of cDNA into K562 and IA was performed as described (24). The transfectants ...
... were transfected with cDNA encoding either the wild-type CD1d1. IA cells are PigA-deficient and hence are unable to synthesize N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI (23), the first glycosylated product in GPI biosynthesis. Electroporation of cDNA into K562 and IA was performed as described (24). The transfectants ...
Arabidopsis mutants in sphingolipid synthesis as tools to
... contiguous plant cells, originating interconnected symplastic domains. Communication arise through these intercellular pores that allow the exchange of small molecules, such as ions, sugars, phytohormones and macromolecules -RNA, transcription factors, even virus (Kim and Zambryski, 2005) and effect ...
... contiguous plant cells, originating interconnected symplastic domains. Communication arise through these intercellular pores that allow the exchange of small molecules, such as ions, sugars, phytohormones and macromolecules -RNA, transcription factors, even virus (Kim and Zambryski, 2005) and effect ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section: 7-1 Life
... • A variety of protein molecules are attached and embedded in the cell’s lipid bi-layer. • “Transport proteins” help move materials into and out of the cell (membrane). – “Channel proteins” have holes or pores that enable certain substances – like ions Na+, Ca+ and K+ to cross the cell membrane. – “ ...
... • A variety of protein molecules are attached and embedded in the cell’s lipid bi-layer. • “Transport proteins” help move materials into and out of the cell (membrane). – “Channel proteins” have holes or pores that enable certain substances – like ions Na+, Ca+ and K+ to cross the cell membrane. – “ ...
The Physiology of the Distal Tubules and Collecting Ducts
... • After its secretion, H+ is buffered by titratable acids (phosphate and creatinine) and by secreted ammonia (NH3). • NH3 is generated in the proximal tubule through deamination of glutamine, is reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle via the luminal Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter, is ...
... • After its secretion, H+ is buffered by titratable acids (phosphate and creatinine) and by secreted ammonia (NH3). • NH3 is generated in the proximal tubule through deamination of glutamine, is reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle via the luminal Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter, is ...
THE CELL
... • Plasmid - Full of DNA for reproduction • Cell wall - more flexible than plants • Cell membrane - gatekeeper ...
... • Plasmid - Full of DNA for reproduction • Cell wall - more flexible than plants • Cell membrane - gatekeeper ...
The Cytoskeleton of the Cardiac Muscle Cell
... meric structure.4,14 Myosin is a rather large complex with a molecular weight of ~500 kDa. Myosin may be divided into two similar heavy chains (MHC) and two pairs of light chains (MLC1 and MLC2). Myosin heavy chains are thin baculiform molecules, 150 nm long and 2-3 nm thick, which are composed of t ...
... meric structure.4,14 Myosin is a rather large complex with a molecular weight of ~500 kDa. Myosin may be divided into two similar heavy chains (MHC) and two pairs of light chains (MLC1 and MLC2). Myosin heavy chains are thin baculiform molecules, 150 nm long and 2-3 nm thick, which are composed of t ...
Inflating bacterial cells by increased protein synthesis
... according to the Helmstetter–Cooper (HC) model of bacterial chromosome replication (Appendix Fig S9): In the fast growth regime (doubling time DT < single-chromosome replication time, the “Cperiod”), the C-period is constant (at its minimal value) and the total DNA synthesis rate is determined by th ...
... according to the Helmstetter–Cooper (HC) model of bacterial chromosome replication (Appendix Fig S9): In the fast growth regime (doubling time DT < single-chromosome replication time, the “Cperiod”), the C-period is constant (at its minimal value) and the total DNA synthesis rate is determined by th ...
Smart thermoresponsive coatings and surfaces for tissue
... and this constitutes a major drawback of this cell harvesting method [6–10]. Moreover, from a tissue engineering perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the ...
... and this constitutes a major drawback of this cell harvesting method [6–10]. Moreover, from a tissue engineering perspective, the disruption of the newly formed tissue-like structures seems to be a backward step. Thermoresponsive substrates can be created so that cells adhere and proliferate at the ...
Differential Localization of Carbohydrate Epitopes in Plant Cell
... By using two McAbs that recognize different carbohydrate epitopes in plant extracellular matrix complex carbohydrates (Puhlmann et al., 1994), we were able to show that: (a) there is pronounced heterogeneity in both the cell walls of roots from four plants and in tissues from the same plant, and (b) ...
... By using two McAbs that recognize different carbohydrate epitopes in plant extracellular matrix complex carbohydrates (Puhlmann et al., 1994), we were able to show that: (a) there is pronounced heterogeneity in both the cell walls of roots from four plants and in tissues from the same plant, and (b) ...
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 1) The
... Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they ...
... Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they ...
Plant-specific mitotic targeting of RanGAP
... Yeast homologs of RanGAP lack the C-terminal, SUMOylated targeting domain of mammalian RanGAPs and are not associated with the NE (Melchior et al., 1993). In contrast to higher animals and plants, the yeasts undergo closed mitosis without breakdown of the NE. Therefore, a purely or predominantly cyt ...
... Yeast homologs of RanGAP lack the C-terminal, SUMOylated targeting domain of mammalian RanGAPs and are not associated with the NE (Melchior et al., 1993). In contrast to higher animals and plants, the yeasts undergo closed mitosis without breakdown of the NE. Therefore, a purely or predominantly cyt ...
10.2 pp (Biology 2015-16)
... The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specific number of ...
... The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specific number of ...
Growth-inhibitory Activity of Lymphoid Cell Plasma Membranes. I
... by intraperitoneal passage and were passaged in vitro for approximately 5 wk in RPMI 1640 (GIBCO Laboratories, Grand Island Biological Co., Grand Island, NY) before use in experiments. RDM-4 lymphoma and EL-4 tbymoma cell lines were maintained by intraperitoneal passage in AKR and C57BL/6 mice, resp ...
... by intraperitoneal passage and were passaged in vitro for approximately 5 wk in RPMI 1640 (GIBCO Laboratories, Grand Island Biological Co., Grand Island, NY) before use in experiments. RDM-4 lymphoma and EL-4 tbymoma cell lines were maintained by intraperitoneal passage in AKR and C57BL/6 mice, resp ...
Nucleocytoplasmic transport
... cytoplasmic binding are relevant to the establishment of intracellular distributions. In these cases, nucleocytoplasmic transport is not simply a matter of crossing a barrier (the nuclear envelope) through specific channels (pore-complexes) between two aqueous compartments. It is more likely to be a ...
... cytoplasmic binding are relevant to the establishment of intracellular distributions. In these cases, nucleocytoplasmic transport is not simply a matter of crossing a barrier (the nuclear envelope) through specific channels (pore-complexes) between two aqueous compartments. It is more likely to be a ...
Cytokinesis is blocked in mammalian cells transfected with
... C. trachomatis genome sequence presented by Stephens et al. [27]. The single C. muridarum orf tested (TC0495) was as predicted using the sequence of Read et al. [28]. The encoded chlamydial protein will be shown in regular text and will be followed by a "p". The plasmid pcDNA4/HisMaxC (Invitrogen) w ...
... C. trachomatis genome sequence presented by Stephens et al. [27]. The single C. muridarum orf tested (TC0495) was as predicted using the sequence of Read et al. [28]. The encoded chlamydial protein will be shown in regular text and will be followed by a "p". The plasmid pcDNA4/HisMaxC (Invitrogen) w ...
Preliminary evidence of a new microbial species capable of
... can sometimes be visibly misinterpreted as bacteria. The benefit being, that while cell behavior may change, it is not deleterious. Cytoplasmic particles of intracellular or contaminant nature, may exhibit some mobility, this may be due to capillary action, Brownian motion, physical association with ...
... can sometimes be visibly misinterpreted as bacteria. The benefit being, that while cell behavior may change, it is not deleterious. Cytoplasmic particles of intracellular or contaminant nature, may exhibit some mobility, this may be due to capillary action, Brownian motion, physical association with ...
Analytical tools for single-molecule fluorescence imaging in
... molecule approaches, arguably better termed ‘in cellulo’ approaches if one is observing single individual cells to discriminate from investigations on multicellular organisms (excepting single-celled organisms such as bacteria which can be described in both contexts), add significant insight not onl ...
... molecule approaches, arguably better termed ‘in cellulo’ approaches if one is observing single individual cells to discriminate from investigations on multicellular organisms (excepting single-celled organisms such as bacteria which can be described in both contexts), add significant insight not onl ...
Lecture 10: The Extracellular matrix
... body mainly in ECM or ‘ground substance’ where they are associated with each other and also with the other major structural components of the matrix, collagen and elastin. These interactions are important in determining the structural organization of the matrix. The GAGs bind polycations and cations ...
... body mainly in ECM or ‘ground substance’ where they are associated with each other and also with the other major structural components of the matrix, collagen and elastin. These interactions are important in determining the structural organization of the matrix. The GAGs bind polycations and cations ...
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two
... Cells in which the level of active Ran protein is lowered by the spi1-25 mutation, or by a decrease in RanGEF function, have abnormal microtubules but are competent for nucleocytoplasmic transport (FLEIG et al. 2000; SALUS et al. 2002), suggesting that Ran dependent processes are differentially sens ...
... Cells in which the level of active Ran protein is lowered by the spi1-25 mutation, or by a decrease in RanGEF function, have abnormal microtubules but are competent for nucleocytoplasmic transport (FLEIG et al. 2000; SALUS et al. 2002), suggesting that Ran dependent processes are differentially sens ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.