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Differentially Expressed Soluble Proteins in Aortic Cells from
... Variations in growth patterns may occur in all cell culture studies, which can produce differences in the proteome. In the replicate analyses of each fraction in each breed, the 2-D gel patterns were reproducible, which indicated that the primary cell culture system is consistent in demonstrating pr ...
... Variations in growth patterns may occur in all cell culture studies, which can produce differences in the proteome. In the replicate analyses of each fraction in each breed, the 2-D gel patterns were reproducible, which indicated that the primary cell culture system is consistent in demonstrating pr ...
Mechanisms of endothelial cell swelling from lactacidosis studied in
... cytosol. The electrochemical gradient for H⫹ favors the development of cytosolic acidosis already at physiological pHe levels. Hence, a normal pHi can only be maintained by active pH regulation involving ion transporters, ion channels, and metabolic processes. Under CO2/HCO3⫺-free conditions, the si ...
... cytosol. The electrochemical gradient for H⫹ favors the development of cytosolic acidosis already at physiological pHe levels. Hence, a normal pHi can only be maintained by active pH regulation involving ion transporters, ion channels, and metabolic processes. Under CO2/HCO3⫺-free conditions, the si ...
glycosphingolipid degradation - Limes-Institut-Bonn
... membrane. The surrounding endosome then passes along the endocytic pathway by way of the normal, successive events of membrane fission and fusion. The intraendosomal vesicles, however, are carried along as passengers and, normally, do not undergo fusion and fission. When the vesicles reach the lysos ...
... membrane. The surrounding endosome then passes along the endocytic pathway by way of the normal, successive events of membrane fission and fusion. The intraendosomal vesicles, however, are carried along as passengers and, normally, do not undergo fusion and fission. When the vesicles reach the lysos ...
Differential expression of two cadherins in Xenopus laevis
... Animals with positive titers were boosted once more intravenously with 5/ig of lentil-lectin-purified protein in 200^1 PBS. Mouse hybridoma cell lines were established as described by Kearney et al. (1979) and Galfre' and Milstein (1981). Inert control IgG was produced by the myeloma cell line P3K ( ...
... Animals with positive titers were boosted once more intravenously with 5/ig of lentil-lectin-purified protein in 200^1 PBS. Mouse hybridoma cell lines were established as described by Kearney et al. (1979) and Galfre' and Milstein (1981). Inert control IgG was produced by the myeloma cell line P3K ( ...
Endocytic Uptake of Nutrients, Cell Wall Molecules, and Fluidized
... et al. 2004). An attractive possibility is that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the toxic element aluminum, being often complexed with pectic networks, are also taken up into plant cells via endocytosis. In support of this notion, subcellular localization of aluminum in cells of maize roo ...
... et al. 2004). An attractive possibility is that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and the toxic element aluminum, being often complexed with pectic networks, are also taken up into plant cells via endocytosis. In support of this notion, subcellular localization of aluminum in cells of maize roo ...
Tutorial for module BY1101 Cell biology revision: MCQ Joe Colgan
... A. There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. C. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane D. Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient E. ...
... A. There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. C. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane D. Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient E. ...
Assembly and maintenance of the sarcomere night and day
... mature myofibrils with the regular cross-striations are found in the perinuclear region of the cell whereas in the periphery of the cell, certain components of the Z-disc are organized while components of the thick filament are more diffuse. Thus, it is the transition between these two regions that re ...
... mature myofibrils with the regular cross-striations are found in the perinuclear region of the cell whereas in the periphery of the cell, certain components of the Z-disc are organized while components of the thick filament are more diffuse. Thus, it is the transition between these two regions that re ...
FYVE-dependent endosomal targeting of an arrestin-related
... In this report, we chose to focus on the protein AdcA from D. discoideum (Figure 1A–B). Arrestin-domain containing proteins extended with a FYVE domain were also found in D. purpureum, Polysphondylium pallidum, Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar, other members of the Conosea group within the Amoebo ...
... In this report, we chose to focus on the protein AdcA from D. discoideum (Figure 1A–B). Arrestin-domain containing proteins extended with a FYVE domain were also found in D. purpureum, Polysphondylium pallidum, Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar, other members of the Conosea group within the Amoebo ...
The Impact of Non-Enzymatic Reactions and Enzyme Promiscuity on
... and co-localize within diverse subcellular compartments. 3. Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Reactions Are Affected by Stress Conditions A second aspect of the susceptibility of metabolism concerns non-enzymatic reactions that occur as part of normal metabolism or through non-specific chemical reactivity but ...
... and co-localize within diverse subcellular compartments. 3. Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Reactions Are Affected by Stress Conditions A second aspect of the susceptibility of metabolism concerns non-enzymatic reactions that occur as part of normal metabolism or through non-specific chemical reactivity but ...
Membrane Trafficking During Plant Cytokinesis
... throughout the cytoplasm along actin filaments via an actomyosin system (16–18). During mitosis these stacks accumulate in a subcortical ring, the so-called ‘Golgi Belt’, surrounding the future site of cell-plate formation (17). This localization pattern does not depend upon cytoskeletal interactions ...
... throughout the cytoplasm along actin filaments via an actomyosin system (16–18). During mitosis these stacks accumulate in a subcortical ring, the so-called ‘Golgi Belt’, surrounding the future site of cell-plate formation (17). This localization pattern does not depend upon cytoskeletal interactions ...
Full Text - Cancer Research Frontiers
... need exists to improve outcomes for patients with SCLC as few advances have occurred since the 1980s. The aim of this Perspective is to offer a hypothesis addressing novel molecular targets for SCLC, those of the linkers of the nucleo- and cytoskeleton. Currently, no such molecular probes or drugs e ...
... need exists to improve outcomes for patients with SCLC as few advances have occurred since the 1980s. The aim of this Perspective is to offer a hypothesis addressing novel molecular targets for SCLC, those of the linkers of the nucleo- and cytoskeleton. Currently, no such molecular probes or drugs e ...
Enzymes
... Do not enter active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme, causing the enzyme & active site to change shape. Usually reversible, depending on concentration of inhibitor & substrate. EXAMPLE: You may know that compounds containing heavy metals such as lead, mercury, copper or silver are poison ...
... Do not enter active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme, causing the enzyme & active site to change shape. Usually reversible, depending on concentration of inhibitor & substrate. EXAMPLE: You may know that compounds containing heavy metals such as lead, mercury, copper or silver are poison ...
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... A) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane B) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm C) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments D) cytoplasmic streaming Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: ...
... A) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane B) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm C) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments D) cytoplasmic streaming Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: ...
Chapter 4 The Cell Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Cell
... How Do Substances Cross Membranes? Specialized cells function as they do only if certain molecules and ions are maintained at certain levels inside and outside of them. The cell membrane oversees these vital concentration differences. Before considering how cells control which substances enter and l ...
... How Do Substances Cross Membranes? Specialized cells function as they do only if certain molecules and ions are maintained at certain levels inside and outside of them. The cell membrane oversees these vital concentration differences. Before considering how cells control which substances enter and l ...
Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
... it, water flows to the side of the membrane where the water concentration is lower. The water continues to diffuse until it is in equal concentration on both sides of the membrane, as shown in Figure 8.1. Therefore, we know that unequal distribution of particles, called a concentration gradient, is ...
... it, water flows to the side of the membrane where the water concentration is lower. The water continues to diffuse until it is in equal concentration on both sides of the membrane, as shown in Figure 8.1. Therefore, we know that unequal distribution of particles, called a concentration gradient, is ...
TRANSPORT OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM ACROSS
... the supernate and the oil layer were aspirated by suction, and the bottom of tubes containing the cell pellets was excised and the pellets were transferred to test tubes to which 0.5 ml of 0.1% Triton X-114 in IN NaOH was added. The samples were then incubated with occasional agitation for 1 h at 50 ...
... the supernate and the oil layer were aspirated by suction, and the bottom of tubes containing the cell pellets was excised and the pellets were transferred to test tubes to which 0.5 ml of 0.1% Triton X-114 in IN NaOH was added. The samples were then incubated with occasional agitation for 1 h at 50 ...
Cell cycle`s deregulation and cardiovascular diseases
... family known as cyclindependent kinases that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. ...
... family known as cyclindependent kinases that can modify various protein substrates involved in cell cycle progression. ...
Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
... it, water flows to the side of the membrane where the water concentration is lower. The water continues to diffuse until it is in equal concentration on both sides of the membrane, as shown in Figure 8.1. Therefore, we know that unequal distribution of particles, called a concentration gradient, is ...
... it, water flows to the side of the membrane where the water concentration is lower. The water continues to diffuse until it is in equal concentration on both sides of the membrane, as shown in Figure 8.1. Therefore, we know that unequal distribution of particles, called a concentration gradient, is ...
Immunocytochemistry of Rhamnogalacturonan II in Cell Walls of
... walls of all the cells in radish and rice roots, cultured tobacco cells, red clover root nodules, and lily growing pollen tubes. The label was denser in proximal to plasma membrane, and not detected in middle lamella, suggesting that borate may cross-link newly secreted pectic polysaccharides at the ...
... walls of all the cells in radish and rice roots, cultured tobacco cells, red clover root nodules, and lily growing pollen tubes. The label was denser in proximal to plasma membrane, and not detected in middle lamella, suggesting that borate may cross-link newly secreted pectic polysaccharides at the ...
Structural studies of phosphoinositide 3-kinase
... The yeast GLUE domain has a positively charged pocket which is occupied by a single sulfate anion in the crystal structure. The walls of the pocket are built by three loops, β1/β2, β5/β6 and β7/α1. Mutagenesis of the residues interacting with the sulfate ion eliminates lipid binding, suggesting that ...
... The yeast GLUE domain has a positively charged pocket which is occupied by a single sulfate anion in the crystal structure. The walls of the pocket are built by three loops, β1/β2, β5/β6 and β7/α1. Mutagenesis of the residues interacting with the sulfate ion eliminates lipid binding, suggesting that ...
Motility and substratum adhesion of Dictyostelium wild
... centroid of two-dimensional cell projections. Since this information can be obtained at low magnification, simultaneous tracking of many cells is possible. The paths of locomotion can be mathematically analysed and parameters of persistent or biased random walk extracted (Alt, 1990a; Stokes et al., ...
... centroid of two-dimensional cell projections. Since this information can be obtained at low magnification, simultaneous tracking of many cells is possible. The paths of locomotion can be mathematically analysed and parameters of persistent or biased random walk extracted (Alt, 1990a; Stokes et al., ...
- blogs@NTU
... vesicular trafficking. However, pinpointing their precise functions is tremendously challenging because different compartments have similar or overlapping physicochemical properties. In addition, the nature of vesicular trafficking makes it difficult to distinguish between resident proteins with imp ...
... vesicular trafficking. However, pinpointing their precise functions is tremendously challenging because different compartments have similar or overlapping physicochemical properties. In addition, the nature of vesicular trafficking makes it difficult to distinguish between resident proteins with imp ...
Water movement between epidermal cells of barley leaves – a
... (T1/2) in adjacent, undamaged, epidermal cells. This served two purposes: first, to consider the possibility of symplastic water flows, and second, to evaluate the possibility of cell damage being signalled to adjoining cells hydraulically. Concerning symplastic water flows, the reasoning was as fol ...
... (T1/2) in adjacent, undamaged, epidermal cells. This served two purposes: first, to consider the possibility of symplastic water flows, and second, to evaluate the possibility of cell damage being signalled to adjoining cells hydraulically. Concerning symplastic water flows, the reasoning was as fol ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.