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... Most known prokaryotes are _______________________ Archaea (________known) ...
Chapter 12 notes
Chapter 12 notes

... 3) Cell membrane forms between the 2 daughter cells being produced as growth continues 4) membrane pinches inward, new cell wall material is deposited between 2 daughter cells ...
Skills Worksheet
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... An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of terms or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read as “is to,” and the symbol :: is read as “as.” In the space provided, write the letter of the pair of terms that best completes the analogy shown. ...
Cells - T.R. Robinson High School
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... (in general, 10x smaller than eukaryotes)  Cell wall made of peptidoglycan surrounds the cell membrane  Contain 70s ribosomes (smaller than 80s)  Thought to have appeared on Earth first ...
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... life functions happen at cell level; cells can do all life functions) ...
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... concentration to an area of lower concentration. This difference in concentration from one area to another is called a concentration gradient. When a molecule diffuses, it can be described as moving down its concentration gradient. Not all molecules can cross the cell membrane. Facilitated diffusion ...
Lecture 14
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... despite considerable diversity of forms. All use DNA to encode hereditary information. All use RNA to make proteins and enzymes. All cells have broadly similar chemical functions. All use a similar mix of a few specific chemical compounds (especially amino acids) Evidence of a common ancestor for al ...
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Cytosol



The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.
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