MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... facilitates association with lipid membranes; and (2) an effector domain phosphorylation site domain (PSD), which contains three serine residues that can be phosphorylated by PKC. Cooperation between these structural domains allows for the regulated localization of MARCKS to the plasma membrane. Mem ...
... facilitates association with lipid membranes; and (2) an effector domain phosphorylation site domain (PSD), which contains three serine residues that can be phosphorylated by PKC. Cooperation between these structural domains allows for the regulated localization of MARCKS to the plasma membrane. Mem ...
PDF
... lateral notum cells and even on wing cells (Aldaz et al., 2003). tup encodes a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor that is implicated in axon pathfinding and neurotransmitter identity (Thor and Thomas, 1997). A vertebrate homologue of Tup, Isl1, is required for the proper development of the pancrea ...
... lateral notum cells and even on wing cells (Aldaz et al., 2003). tup encodes a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor that is implicated in axon pathfinding and neurotransmitter identity (Thor and Thomas, 1997). A vertebrate homologue of Tup, Isl1, is required for the proper development of the pancrea ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins
... behavior is regulated by a large number of binding proteins, which are often the effectors of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. It is therefore not surprising that the actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of bacterial protein toxins, and thus of major importance for the ho ...
... behavior is regulated by a large number of binding proteins, which are often the effectors of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. It is therefore not surprising that the actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of bacterial protein toxins, and thus of major importance for the ho ...
Müller Cells in the Healthy Retina
... Müller cells (Figs. 1.17c, d, 2.1, 2.5, 2.9, 2.13, and 2.31) are radial glial cells that reside in a part of the adult CNS. As such, they share the basic bipolar morphology of radial glial cells (Figs. 1.1 and 1.4) and possess the complete set of principal glial cell processes/contact types (Fig. 1. ...
... Müller cells (Figs. 1.17c, d, 2.1, 2.5, 2.9, 2.13, and 2.31) are radial glial cells that reside in a part of the adult CNS. As such, they share the basic bipolar morphology of radial glial cells (Figs. 1.1 and 1.4) and possess the complete set of principal glial cell processes/contact types (Fig. 1. ...
The Genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus
... and an RPLA is available from Oxoid (Columbia, MD, USA). Molecular methods are being investigated for their usefulness in detecting staphylococcal enterotoxin. For example, Western immunoblotting has been used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin A (Rasooly and Rasooly, 1998). In this procedure, the ...
... and an RPLA is available from Oxoid (Columbia, MD, USA). Molecular methods are being investigated for their usefulness in detecting staphylococcal enterotoxin. For example, Western immunoblotting has been used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin A (Rasooly and Rasooly, 1998). In this procedure, the ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... the substrate protein on which the C terminus of ubiquitin forms a covalent isopeptide bond with a lysine residue. In subsequent reactions, the attached ubiquitin can itself become ubiquitylated, resulting in the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. All proteins that are known to be involved in the c ...
... the substrate protein on which the C terminus of ubiquitin forms a covalent isopeptide bond with a lysine residue. In subsequent reactions, the attached ubiquitin can itself become ubiquitylated, resulting in the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. All proteins that are known to be involved in the c ...
A heritable switch in carbon source utilization driven
... Thus, [GAR+] exhibits an ‘‘infectious,’’ nonnuclear pattern of inheritance. [GAR+] appears at high frequency in a variety of genetic backgrounds We next asked whether [GAR+] was an oddity of specific strains or could appear in diverse genotypes. Cells able to use glycerol in the presence of glucosam ...
... Thus, [GAR+] exhibits an ‘‘infectious,’’ nonnuclear pattern of inheritance. [GAR+] appears at high frequency in a variety of genetic backgrounds We next asked whether [GAR+] was an oddity of specific strains or could appear in diverse genotypes. Cells able to use glycerol in the presence of glucosam ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... (CH) domains separated by a linker sequence, and a less-well conserved N-terminal region. In vivo structure–function analysis revealed that all the domains are essential for parvin function, whereas recruitment at integrin adhesion sites is mediated by two localization signals: one located within th ...
... (CH) domains separated by a linker sequence, and a less-well conserved N-terminal region. In vivo structure–function analysis revealed that all the domains are essential for parvin function, whereas recruitment at integrin adhesion sites is mediated by two localization signals: one located within th ...
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife
... host cell. Thus, C.trachomatis has developed ways to import these nutrients into inclusions, and, more generally, to take the control of its interactions with the host cell. The inclusions built up by C. trachomatis contain a high amount of glycogen, a carbohydrate that generally acts as an energy s ...
... host cell. Thus, C.trachomatis has developed ways to import these nutrients into inclusions, and, more generally, to take the control of its interactions with the host cell. The inclusions built up by C. trachomatis contain a high amount of glycogen, a carbohydrate that generally acts as an energy s ...
Epithelium and mucus
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
The potential for toxin and antitoxin gene
... may be more successful on horizontally mobile elements than others. This includes genes that exhibit a post-segregational killing (PSK) phenotype. PSK is generated by expression of a toxin and antitoxin from a mobile element, such that if a bacterium loses the element the toxin becomes active in the ...
... may be more successful on horizontally mobile elements than others. This includes genes that exhibit a post-segregational killing (PSK) phenotype. PSK is generated by expression of a toxin and antitoxin from a mobile element, such that if a bacterium loses the element the toxin becomes active in the ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... microtubule dynamics and enables reorientation. Together, our results suggest actin-dependent and -independent functions of cortical microtubules in trichome differentiation. ...
... microtubule dynamics and enables reorientation. Together, our results suggest actin-dependent and -independent functions of cortical microtubules in trichome differentiation. ...
Effect of micellar p-sitosterol on cholesterol
... a number of mechanisms have been addressed in an attempt to explain this observation, it remains unresolved (2-7). In individuals suffering from the rare disorder 0-sitosterolemia, the intestinal absorption and plasma levels of plant sterols are markedly increased. This disorder is also characterize ...
... a number of mechanisms have been addressed in an attempt to explain this observation, it remains unresolved (2-7). In individuals suffering from the rare disorder 0-sitosterolemia, the intestinal absorption and plasma levels of plant sterols are markedly increased. This disorder is also characterize ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... cAMP is a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways of hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and chemokines. By activating PKA and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell di ...
... cAMP is a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways of hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and chemokines. By activating PKA and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell di ...
Drosophila Xpd Regulates Cdk7 Localization, Mitotic Kinase
... transcription is not required for development and survival. Towards producing such embryos we constructed mothers that express xpd in the soma only. For this we first made transgenic flies that express Xpd under UAST control [21]. UAS (‘‘upstream activating sequence’’) is a transcriptional enhancer ...
... transcription is not required for development and survival. Towards producing such embryos we constructed mothers that express xpd in the soma only. For this we first made transgenic flies that express Xpd under UAST control [21]. UAS (‘‘upstream activating sequence’’) is a transcriptional enhancer ...
hox Gene Regulation and Function During Zebrafish
... Hox discovery and conservation throughout the animal kingdom First characterized in Drosophila melanogaster, Hox genes were identified on the third Drosophila chromosome in two loci, the Antennapedia- and bithorax complexes (ANT-C and BX-C respectively) which makes up the Drosophila Homeodomain comp ...
... Hox discovery and conservation throughout the animal kingdom First characterized in Drosophila melanogaster, Hox genes were identified on the third Drosophila chromosome in two loci, the Antennapedia- and bithorax complexes (ANT-C and BX-C respectively) which makes up the Drosophila Homeodomain comp ...
Ca2+-Dependent Regulations and Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
... The multiple roles of Ca2+ ions in the regulation of acute contraction of skeletal muscle and the most important cellular structures which facilitate Ca2+ ion gradients and Ca2+ ion movement in skeletal muscle are highlighted and the feedback mechanisms that link initiation of contraction to sophist ...
... The multiple roles of Ca2+ ions in the regulation of acute contraction of skeletal muscle and the most important cellular structures which facilitate Ca2+ ion gradients and Ca2+ ion movement in skeletal muscle are highlighted and the feedback mechanisms that link initiation of contraction to sophist ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
Enzyme Inhibition and Bioapplications
... metabolizing microsomal enzymes, phagocytosis, and DNA synthesis. A model is proposed on proteolysis in isolated lysosomes to establish the mechanism of degradation and proteolysis inhibition. Further, role of lysosomal enzymes is proposed for liver regeneration and recovery after nitroimidazole tre ...
... metabolizing microsomal enzymes, phagocytosis, and DNA synthesis. A model is proposed on proteolysis in isolated lysosomes to establish the mechanism of degradation and proteolysis inhibition. Further, role of lysosomal enzymes is proposed for liver regeneration and recovery after nitroimidazole tre ...
Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... caspase-independent mitochondrial dysfunction (Cheng et al., 2001). The BCL-2 family proteins control a crucial checkpoint of apoptosis at the mitochondria (Cory and Adams, 2002; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). Multidomain proapoptotic BAX and BAK are essential effectors responsible for the permeabilizatio ...
... caspase-independent mitochondrial dysfunction (Cheng et al., 2001). The BCL-2 family proteins control a crucial checkpoint of apoptosis at the mitochondria (Cory and Adams, 2002; Korsmeyer et al., 2000). Multidomain proapoptotic BAX and BAK are essential effectors responsible for the permeabilizatio ...
EC 3.4.22.32 - Bio
... proteolytic degradation of circulating immune complexes and inhibition of signaling by extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-2 and p21ras. It is speculated that the possible protective effect of bromelain in murine EAE (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, ...
... proteolytic degradation of circulating immune complexes and inhibition of signaling by extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-2 and p21ras. It is speculated that the possible protective effect of bromelain in murine EAE (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.