CXCR4 and CXCR7 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating
... to stimulation of the MAP kinase casade (Rajagopal et al., 2010; Xiao et al., 2010). CXCL12 and CXCR4 cellular functions were first studied in leukocyte chemotaxis (D’Apuzzo et al., 1997; Valenzuela-Fernandez et al., 2002). However, their wider roles in cell migration are now appreciated, particular ...
... to stimulation of the MAP kinase casade (Rajagopal et al., 2010; Xiao et al., 2010). CXCL12 and CXCR4 cellular functions were first studied in leukocyte chemotaxis (D’Apuzzo et al., 1997; Valenzuela-Fernandez et al., 2002). However, their wider roles in cell migration are now appreciated, particular ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... changes in DNA topology by passing a double-stranded DNA helix through a transient double-strand break site and then rejoining the strand break.1,2 Conditional yeast mutants in the top2 gene showed that this enzymatic activity is required for segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.3 Bio ...
... changes in DNA topology by passing a double-stranded DNA helix through a transient double-strand break site and then rejoining the strand break.1,2 Conditional yeast mutants in the top2 gene showed that this enzymatic activity is required for segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.3 Bio ...
S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Activator
... in budding yeast) allows the phosphorylation of distinct substrates at specific times in the cell cycle (Morgan, 1997). In budding yeast, there are two types of cyclins: the Clns and the Clbs. The Cln family consists of Cln 1 - 3 and their essential function is confined to the G1 phase of the cell c ...
... in budding yeast) allows the phosphorylation of distinct substrates at specific times in the cell cycle (Morgan, 1997). In budding yeast, there are two types of cyclins: the Clns and the Clbs. The Cln family consists of Cln 1 - 3 and their essential function is confined to the G1 phase of the cell c ...
The neutrophil in vascular inflammation
... Here we focus on how neutrophils have a key regulatory role in vascular inflammation. Recent studies using advanced imaging techniques have yielded new insights into the mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to defense against bacterial infections and also against sterile injury. In these setti ...
... Here we focus on how neutrophils have a key regulatory role in vascular inflammation. Recent studies using advanced imaging techniques have yielded new insights into the mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to defense against bacterial infections and also against sterile injury. In these setti ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
Mouse Embryology Module, Woods Hole 2010
... Hybridise embryos (incubate) by adding 2ul of RNA probe per 1ml of hybridisation buffer at 65°C overnight in a waterbath (1ml of buffer is sufficient for each tube). Post-hybridisation of embryos Start the washes first thing in the morning so that the antibody washes can be performed overnight. Pre- ...
... Hybridise embryos (incubate) by adding 2ul of RNA probe per 1ml of hybridisation buffer at 65°C overnight in a waterbath (1ml of buffer is sufficient for each tube). Post-hybridisation of embryos Start the washes first thing in the morning so that the antibody washes can be performed overnight. Pre- ...
Full-Text PDF
... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
The Rhopalosiphum padi virus 59 internal ribosome entry site is
... picornavirus proteins. It has been shown that the 59 UTRs and the intergenic regions (IGRs) of these virus genomes contain IRES elements (Sasaki & Nakashima, 1999; Domier et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2000a; Woolaway et al., 2001). The IGR IRES elements are unusual in that they direct translation ini ...
... picornavirus proteins. It has been shown that the 59 UTRs and the intergenic regions (IGRs) of these virus genomes contain IRES elements (Sasaki & Nakashima, 1999; Domier et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2000a; Woolaway et al., 2001). The IGR IRES elements are unusual in that they direct translation ini ...
Imaging Cell Wall Architecture in Single Zinnia
... To generate more detailed structural models, knowledge about the structural organization of the cell wall can be combined with spatial information about chemical composition. Instead of utilizing chromatography techniques to analyze cell wall composition by extracting material from bulk plant sample ...
... To generate more detailed structural models, knowledge about the structural organization of the cell wall can be combined with spatial information about chemical composition. Instead of utilizing chromatography techniques to analyze cell wall composition by extracting material from bulk plant sample ...
Low and High Nucleic Acid Content Bacteria: Reality or
... organic matter per litre to a level approaching those in laboratory culture media). Water provides an excellent environment for a wide variety of microorganisms to survive and interact with each other. These microorganisms also play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle. A major problem in u ...
... organic matter per litre to a level approaching those in laboratory culture media). Water provides an excellent environment for a wide variety of microorganisms to survive and interact with each other. These microorganisms also play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle. A major problem in u ...
Nutrients and growth factors in mTORC1 activation
... as anti-hyperglycaemic biguanide drugs also regulate Rag function [27], as well as 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) ...
... as anti-hyperglycaemic biguanide drugs also regulate Rag function [27], as well as 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) ...
MD0574 2-1 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 2 Wound Closure
... (e) Fistula. A fistula is an abnormal passage between two internal organs. A wound that heals improperly could cause such a passage. (4) Blood supply. Since blood supplies the products used in healing, any factor that restricts blood circulation to a wound area interferes with healing. Dead or edema ...
... (e) Fistula. A fistula is an abnormal passage between two internal organs. A wound that heals improperly could cause such a passage. (4) Blood supply. Since blood supplies the products used in healing, any factor that restricts blood circulation to a wound area interferes with healing. Dead or edema ...
Cell fate specification and maintenance in the female gametophyte
... al., 2003). The transcriptional profiling of different domains in Arabidopsis embryos or whole embryos from different stages has been reported from several studies by using different methods (Le et al., 2010; Xiang et al., 2011; Belmonte et al., 2013). Nevertheless, the analysis of transcriptional p ...
... al., 2003). The transcriptional profiling of different domains in Arabidopsis embryos or whole embryos from different stages has been reported from several studies by using different methods (Le et al., 2010; Xiang et al., 2011; Belmonte et al., 2013). Nevertheless, the analysis of transcriptional p ...
TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho
... is also detrimental to tissue function. An accurate spatiotemporal restriction of the inflammatory response is therefore crucial for preventing uncontrolled, systemic reactions that would be more harmful than the initial pathological challenges (1). Blood and lymphatic vessels enable tissue compartm ...
... is also detrimental to tissue function. An accurate spatiotemporal restriction of the inflammatory response is therefore crucial for preventing uncontrolled, systemic reactions that would be more harmful than the initial pathological challenges (1). Blood and lymphatic vessels enable tissue compartm ...
Mechanisms of liver allograft rejection in man
... The expression of MHC antigens varies between different tissues. In human liver HLA class I (ABC)and class I1 (DR, DP, DQ) are found on sinusoidal lining cells, usually only class I on vascular endothelium, and class I and occasionally class I1 antigens on biliary epithelium. Hepatocytes are usually ...
... The expression of MHC antigens varies between different tissues. In human liver HLA class I (ABC)and class I1 (DR, DP, DQ) are found on sinusoidal lining cells, usually only class I on vascular endothelium, and class I and occasionally class I1 antigens on biliary epithelium. Hepatocytes are usually ...
LIU-THESIS - eCommons@USASK
... stress. As the temperature is lowered, the more serious cell dehydration becomes (Pearce and Ashworth, 1992). However, dehydration resulting from extracellular freezing can help cells to avoid intracellular freezing and increase survival at very low, even liquid-nitrogen temperatures (Sakai and Larc ...
... stress. As the temperature is lowered, the more serious cell dehydration becomes (Pearce and Ashworth, 1992). However, dehydration resulting from extracellular freezing can help cells to avoid intracellular freezing and increase survival at very low, even liquid-nitrogen temperatures (Sakai and Larc ...
A Cellular Hypothesis for the Induction of Blossom
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
In vitro skin models to study epithelial regeneration from the hair
... epidermis [11, 12]. C-GAG requires a two-stage grafting procedure. Once applied to a freshly excised wound bed, completion of dermal regeneration takes up to 4 weeks, after which, the silicone layer is replaced by a thin split-skin graft to achieve permanent epidermal wound closure [13]. Cultured au ...
... epidermis [11, 12]. C-GAG requires a two-stage grafting procedure. Once applied to a freshly excised wound bed, completion of dermal regeneration takes up to 4 weeks, after which, the silicone layer is replaced by a thin split-skin graft to achieve permanent epidermal wound closure [13]. Cultured au ...
Adherence and uptake of Francisella into host cells
... in the cytosol until the host cell lyses, allowing the released bacteria to infect other cells.1 Although evidence for an extracellular phase of Francisella has emerged,3 the intracellular phase is thought to be dominant during infection. Indeed, mutants that are unable to survive and replicate intr ...
... in the cytosol until the host cell lyses, allowing the released bacteria to infect other cells.1 Although evidence for an extracellular phase of Francisella has emerged,3 the intracellular phase is thought to be dominant during infection. Indeed, mutants that are unable to survive and replicate intr ...
Wound Care 101
... Protein is essential for the formation of new granulation tissue. Severe protein malnutrition results in – Slower wound healing – Decreased immunocompetence – Increased susceptibility to infection4,9 ...
... Protein is essential for the formation of new granulation tissue. Severe protein malnutrition results in – Slower wound healing – Decreased immunocompetence – Increased susceptibility to infection4,9 ...
Extracellular ATP Functions as an
... whether some forms of plant cell death invoked during normal growth and development or during interaction with other organisms might be mediated by the ablation of extracellular ATP. We decided to investigate the pathogen-induced hypersensitive cell death, which can be simulated by treating plant ti ...
... whether some forms of plant cell death invoked during normal growth and development or during interaction with other organisms might be mediated by the ablation of extracellular ATP. We decided to investigate the pathogen-induced hypersensitive cell death, which can be simulated by treating plant ti ...
Avian erythrocytes have functional mitochondria, opening
... oxygen consumption and ROS production as two factors disfavouring the presence of mitochondria within erythrocytes, it would be expected that similar evolutionary pressures would select for the absence of mitochondria in the erythrocytes of all vertebrate species. Mature erythrocytes of almost all f ...
... oxygen consumption and ROS production as two factors disfavouring the presence of mitochondria within erythrocytes, it would be expected that similar evolutionary pressures would select for the absence of mitochondria in the erythrocytes of all vertebrate species. Mature erythrocytes of almost all f ...
1 Introduction of autophagy
... c) autophagy is inhibited by apoptosis. When apoptosis is suppressed, autophagy is induced to skill cells. • Autophagy inhibits apoptosis by degrading impaired proteins and DNA. • Autophagy promotes apoptosis. Autophagy itself can not induce cell death, but can provide energy for formation of apopto ...
... c) autophagy is inhibited by apoptosis. When apoptosis is suppressed, autophagy is induced to skill cells. • Autophagy inhibits apoptosis by degrading impaired proteins and DNA. • Autophagy promotes apoptosis. Autophagy itself can not induce cell death, but can provide energy for formation of apopto ...
A Multifunctional Cell Surface Developmental Stage
... antigen in both the guidance of pioneer axons and selective fasciculation have been demonstrated. ...
... antigen in both the guidance of pioneer axons and selective fasciculation have been demonstrated. ...
- the University of Huddersfield Repository
... Hydrogen peroxide and its role in wound healing in vivo H2O2 is the main second messenger in wound healing responses and its levels are regulated at the wound edge by local antioxidant release, SOD, GPx, and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; this has been well demonstrated in models ...
... Hydrogen peroxide and its role in wound healing in vivo H2O2 is the main second messenger in wound healing responses and its levels are regulated at the wound edge by local antioxidant release, SOD, GPx, and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; this has been well demonstrated in models ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.