PERSPECTIVE
... body plans. Animals use concentration gradients of signals termed morphogens for tissue patterning, but whether they are also used by plants is unclear. Here we compare and contrast the plant hormone auxin with animal morphogens, and speculate as to whether plants have independently evolved similar ...
... body plans. Animals use concentration gradients of signals termed morphogens for tissue patterning, but whether they are also used by plants is unclear. Here we compare and contrast the plant hormone auxin with animal morphogens, and speculate as to whether plants have independently evolved similar ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
... regulated catabolic processes, all of which deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation In animals and yeasts, autophagy is often divided into three main types: Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Microautophagy, Macroautophagy. ...
Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion
... of dynamin vesiculates the F-BAR-induced long tubules. Vesiculation of these tubules can be attenuated either by expression of a K44A mutant Dyn2 protein or, interestingly, treatment with the actin antagonist Latrunculin, which indicates that the pinchase function of Dyn2 on the F-BARformed tubules ...
... of dynamin vesiculates the F-BAR-induced long tubules. Vesiculation of these tubules can be attenuated either by expression of a K44A mutant Dyn2 protein or, interestingly, treatment with the actin antagonist Latrunculin, which indicates that the pinchase function of Dyn2 on the F-BARformed tubules ...
Humoral and contact interactions in astroglia/stem cell co
... fate of neural stem cells, immortalized, neuroectodermderived multipotential cells (NE-4C cell line, mouse; Schlett and Madarász, 1997) were co-cultured with primary neonatal murine astrocytes. Astrocytes and neural stem cells were co-cultivated in two different culture systems. In contact co-cultu ...
... fate of neural stem cells, immortalized, neuroectodermderived multipotential cells (NE-4C cell line, mouse; Schlett and Madarász, 1997) were co-cultured with primary neonatal murine astrocytes. Astrocytes and neural stem cells were co-cultivated in two different culture systems. In contact co-cultu ...
as a PDF
... S1-S3). Initiating microtubules extended several micrometers before either shortening to extinction (7/43 initiation events) or moving away from the initiation site (36/43). Motility was unidirectional, with single microtubules moving most commonly in shallow arcs (Fig. 1B, C; Movies S1-S3), often c ...
... S1-S3). Initiating microtubules extended several micrometers before either shortening to extinction (7/43 initiation events) or moving away from the initiation site (36/43). Motility was unidirectional, with single microtubules moving most commonly in shallow arcs (Fig. 1B, C; Movies S1-S3), often c ...
2015 Biology Pacing Guide
... microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) b. Differentiate between types of cellular reproduction. (DOK 1) Main events ...
... microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) b. Differentiate between types of cellular reproduction. (DOK 1) Main events ...
Cell Lineage and Fate Map of the Primary
... through the formation of fourth quartet of micromeres, and the ultimate fates were characterized for larval stages. In Capitella teleta, each blastomere gives rise to a predictable set of descendents and shares a number of features characteristic of the typical spiralian fate map. Here, we extend ou ...
... through the formation of fourth quartet of micromeres, and the ultimate fates were characterized for larval stages. In Capitella teleta, each blastomere gives rise to a predictable set of descendents and shares a number of features characteristic of the typical spiralian fate map. Here, we extend ou ...
Chapter_01
... membrane-bound cavities in the cytoplasm of the cell ER function: Transports substances in the cytoplasm Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an impr ...
... membrane-bound cavities in the cytoplasm of the cell ER function: Transports substances in the cytoplasm Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex are critical for post-translational modifications that help sort, condense, package, and deliver proteins arriving from the ER. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an impr ...
PDF Full-text
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
Nonlysosomal Vesicles (Acidosomes) Are Involved
... product following incubation in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and H202 formed the electron-opaque deposit lining the luminal side of the vacuole membrane and adsorbed to the latex beads. Acidosomes (previously called PFVs) (x) are bound to but are not fused with the forming digestive vacuole membrane as ind ...
... product following incubation in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and H202 formed the electron-opaque deposit lining the luminal side of the vacuole membrane and adsorbed to the latex beads. Acidosomes (previously called PFVs) (x) are bound to but are not fused with the forming digestive vacuole membrane as ind ...
Cells Cell Stimulatory Capacity to Mouse Dendritic Associated with
... NK cells, BALB/c and C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived DCs activated with diverse full-maturation stimuli were cocultured with syngeneic NK cells. The ability of activated DCs to prime NK cells was verified by testing the capacity of NK cells to produce IFN-␥. Coculture supernatants were collected 18 h la ...
... NK cells, BALB/c and C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived DCs activated with diverse full-maturation stimuli were cocultured with syngeneic NK cells. The ability of activated DCs to prime NK cells was verified by testing the capacity of NK cells to produce IFN-␥. Coculture supernatants were collected 18 h la ...
Human skin cells support thymus- independent T cell development
... in late adolescence and maintains only a low level of activity in normal adults (2, 3). Current culture systems that support the development of human T cells from bone marrow precursor cells use animal or unrelated human tissues, making them less desirable for the production of T cells for use in hu ...
... in late adolescence and maintains only a low level of activity in normal adults (2, 3). Current culture systems that support the development of human T cells from bone marrow precursor cells use animal or unrelated human tissues, making them less desirable for the production of T cells for use in hu ...
Differentially Expressed Fibroblast Growth Factors Regulate Skeletal
... the cells. One group of cells receiving pcDNA3 control vector was supplemented with exogenous FGF-2, while others received complete growth medium (15% horse serum) but no exogenously applied FGF. 24 h after the osmotic shock, methyl-[3H]thymidine (New England Nuclear, Boston, MA; model NET027Z) was ...
... the cells. One group of cells receiving pcDNA3 control vector was supplemented with exogenous FGF-2, while others received complete growth medium (15% horse serum) but no exogenously applied FGF. 24 h after the osmotic shock, methyl-[3H]thymidine (New England Nuclear, Boston, MA; model NET027Z) was ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... checkpoint, but Chk1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the normal response to replication arrest (12, 32-34). Chk1 is not normally activated by HU, but in the absence of Cds1, Chk1 is activated and can arrest cells, preventing premature mitosis (12, 32). Despite this arrest, Cds1 null cells ra ...
... checkpoint, but Chk1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the normal response to replication arrest (12, 32-34). Chk1 is not normally activated by HU, but in the absence of Cds1, Chk1 is activated and can arrest cells, preventing premature mitosis (12, 32). Despite this arrest, Cds1 null cells ra ...
Total Dissolved Solids
... Cell respiration refers to the process of converting the chemical energy of organic molecules into a form immediately usable by organisms. Glucose may be oxidized completely if sufficient oxygen is available according to the following equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2(g) 6 H2O + 6 CO2(g) + energy All organi ...
... Cell respiration refers to the process of converting the chemical energy of organic molecules into a form immediately usable by organisms. Glucose may be oxidized completely if sufficient oxygen is available according to the following equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2(g) 6 H2O + 6 CO2(g) + energy All organi ...
Beyond ergosterol
... to transition from yeast to hyphae is a critical virulence factor for polymorphic pathogenic fungi, such as C. albicans.30 To infect their hosts, pathogenic fungi first have to penetrate host epithelial barriers. Once in the bloodstream, fungal cells must survive the attack by macrophages and dendri ...
... to transition from yeast to hyphae is a critical virulence factor for polymorphic pathogenic fungi, such as C. albicans.30 To infect their hosts, pathogenic fungi first have to penetrate host epithelial barriers. Once in the bloodstream, fungal cells must survive the attack by macrophages and dendri ...
Assessment of antimicrobial compounds by microscopy techniques
... Most cationic AMPPs need electrostatic interactions to bind selectively with anionic membranes. They tend to form amphipathic secondary structures, which can be accommodated into membranes and permeabilize the lipid bilayer. This process is mainly dependent on the lipidic membrane composition. The f ...
... Most cationic AMPPs need electrostatic interactions to bind selectively with anionic membranes. They tend to form amphipathic secondary structures, which can be accommodated into membranes and permeabilize the lipid bilayer. This process is mainly dependent on the lipidic membrane composition. The f ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... morphological phenotypes (large single lumen, yellow; small misshapen lumen, blue; fragmented lumen, red) scored in different experimental conditions: control (wild-type untreated, n21); slb [wnt11 (silberblick) mutants, n12]; pk1a-MO 3 ng (wild-type injected with 3 ng of pk1a-MO at the 1-cell sta ...
... morphological phenotypes (large single lumen, yellow; small misshapen lumen, blue; fragmented lumen, red) scored in different experimental conditions: control (wild-type untreated, n21); slb [wnt11 (silberblick) mutants, n12]; pk1a-MO 3 ng (wild-type injected with 3 ng of pk1a-MO at the 1-cell sta ...
Organization of the Sea Urchin Egg Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its
... dye spread through the ER, but not into other organelles, thus allowing us to visualize the structure of the ER in the egg . Previous studies in fixed preparations have provided evidence for transformations in ER organization that accompany physiological changes in oocytes and eggs. A structural re ...
... dye spread through the ER, but not into other organelles, thus allowing us to visualize the structure of the ER in the egg . Previous studies in fixed preparations have provided evidence for transformations in ER organization that accompany physiological changes in oocytes and eggs. A structural re ...
Cell intercalation during Drosophila germband extension and its
... analyzed, cell intercalation appears to be evenly distributed along the anterior-posterior axis. The relatively uniform decrease in the width of the germband during extension argues that this holds true throughout the entire germband (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1985). Although evenly distributed ...
... analyzed, cell intercalation appears to be evenly distributed along the anterior-posterior axis. The relatively uniform decrease in the width of the germband during extension argues that this holds true throughout the entire germband (Hartenstein and Campos-Ortega, 1985). Although evenly distributed ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... wound-healing assay we demonstrate that Nup358 functions in polarized cell migration. These results reveal a more active role for structural nucleoporins in regulating fundamental cellular processes than previously anticipated. Supplementary material available online at http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi ...
... wound-healing assay we demonstrate that Nup358 functions in polarized cell migration. These results reveal a more active role for structural nucleoporins in regulating fundamental cellular processes than previously anticipated. Supplementary material available online at http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi ...