An indelible lineage marker for Xenopus using a
... marker is provided by the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea victoria (Chalfie et al., 1994). However, the green fluorescent protein so far used in Xenopus embryos (Tannahill et al., 1995) gives only a moderate strength of signal, and is not expressed until the neurula stage. Peters et al. (1995) ...
... marker is provided by the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea victoria (Chalfie et al., 1994). However, the green fluorescent protein so far used in Xenopus embryos (Tannahill et al., 1995) gives only a moderate strength of signal, and is not expressed until the neurula stage. Peters et al. (1995) ...
jxb.oxfordjournals.org
... cells (Folkers et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2002). AN3, which encodes a putative coactivator for the Arabidopsis growthregulating factor (AtGRF) family of transcription factors (J. H. Kim et al., 2003), also called AtGIF1 (GRFinteracting factor1), predominantly controls cell number in the leaf width di ...
... cells (Folkers et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2002). AN3, which encodes a putative coactivator for the Arabidopsis growthregulating factor (AtGRF) family of transcription factors (J. H. Kim et al., 2003), also called AtGIF1 (GRFinteracting factor1), predominantly controls cell number in the leaf width di ...
The immunological synapse: a focal point for endocytosis and
... where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor, to the plasma membrane at the cSMAC. Upon engagement by pMHC ligands, the rate of endocytosis of TCR is unchanged, but the receptors are down-regulated as they fail to recycle to the plasma membrane and are instead sent to the lysosome for degradation ...
... where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor, to the plasma membrane at the cSMAC. Upon engagement by pMHC ligands, the rate of endocytosis of TCR is unchanged, but the receptors are down-regulated as they fail to recycle to the plasma membrane and are instead sent to the lysosome for degradation ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
... conditions, the small sizes of the channels permit medium and nutrients to diffuse to nutrient-poor areas. Currently, there is little development of microtechnologies that can successfully mimic the in vivo microenvironments, since any change in material, surface chemistry, cell number or flow condi ...
... conditions, the small sizes of the channels permit medium and nutrients to diffuse to nutrient-poor areas. Currently, there is little development of microtechnologies that can successfully mimic the in vivo microenvironments, since any change in material, surface chemistry, cell number or flow condi ...
the fine structure of the mid-body of the rat
... The development of the mid-body has been studied in mitotic erythroblasts of the rat bone marrow by means of thin sections examined with the electron microscope. A differentiated region on the continuous spindle fibers, consisting of a localized increase in density, is observed at the equatorial pla ...
... The development of the mid-body has been studied in mitotic erythroblasts of the rat bone marrow by means of thin sections examined with the electron microscope. A differentiated region on the continuous spindle fibers, consisting of a localized increase in density, is observed at the equatorial pla ...
spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton
... several years (e.g., Hepler et al. 2001, Smith ...
... several years (e.g., Hepler et al. 2001, Smith ...
Biology lecture # 1 Levels of Life (From Atom to Biosphere)
... Structure and Functions of Cell Membrane Structure of cell membrane is described by Fluid Mosaic Modal. It consists of lipid bilayer, proteins and carbohydrates. Lipid bilayer provides it with fluidity, flexibility and transport of lipid like substances. Proteins are integrated inside the membrane o ...
... Structure and Functions of Cell Membrane Structure of cell membrane is described by Fluid Mosaic Modal. It consists of lipid bilayer, proteins and carbohydrates. Lipid bilayer provides it with fluidity, flexibility and transport of lipid like substances. Proteins are integrated inside the membrane o ...
Mycology is the study of fungi
... Fungi are heterotrophic. This means that they are lacking in chlorophyll and cannot make their organic food as plants can, through photosynthesis. Fungi live embedded in a food source or medium, and obtain their nourishment by secreting enzymes for external digestion and by absorbing the nutrients t ...
... Fungi are heterotrophic. This means that they are lacking in chlorophyll and cannot make their organic food as plants can, through photosynthesis. Fungi live embedded in a food source or medium, and obtain their nourishment by secreting enzymes for external digestion and by absorbing the nutrients t ...
ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION OF THE PLANT CELL WALL
... are three dimensional but methods for observing growth, such as photography, are inherently two dimensional. Furthermore, growth within a volume can be spatially heterogeneous, but usually only the surface is accessible. Thus the velocities at which elements inside the organ move are obscure. Both o ...
... are three dimensional but methods for observing growth, such as photography, are inherently two dimensional. Furthermore, growth within a volume can be spatially heterogeneous, but usually only the surface is accessible. Thus the velocities at which elements inside the organ move are obscure. Both o ...
Built to rebuild: in search of organizing principles in plant
... culture medium. Using this system in combination with confocal imaging of cell-type specific markers, it was shown that callus typically arose from either proliferating and relatively undifferentiated meristematic cells or from the differentiated cell-type pericycle, from which lateral roots natural ...
... culture medium. Using this system in combination with confocal imaging of cell-type specific markers, it was shown that callus typically arose from either proliferating and relatively undifferentiated meristematic cells or from the differentiated cell-type pericycle, from which lateral roots natural ...
Gamete Handling and Fertilization
... fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these data. The LiCl could also have affected the membrane potential of the oocytes leading to a change in the osmosis, making the oocy ...
... fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these data. The LiCl could also have affected the membrane potential of the oocytes leading to a change in the osmosis, making the oocy ...
A differential requirement for SUMOylation in proliferating and non
... larval tissues initiate endoreplication cycles and become polyploid (Edgar and Orr-Weaver, 2001). Endoreplication continues throughout the larval stages, supporting cell growth that results in a dramatic increase of larva body size. By contrast, cells of the imaginal discs (appendage primordia desti ...
... larval tissues initiate endoreplication cycles and become polyploid (Edgar and Orr-Weaver, 2001). Endoreplication continues throughout the larval stages, supporting cell growth that results in a dramatic increase of larva body size. By contrast, cells of the imaginal discs (appendage primordia desti ...
Introduction to Mycology.
... (plural) or an independent single cell. The living body of a fungus is called a mycelium which is made up of a branching network of filaments known as hyphae. Fungal cell differentiation is no less complicated than is found in plants or animals, but it is different. Many fungal pathogens of huma ...
... (plural) or an independent single cell. The living body of a fungus is called a mycelium which is made up of a branching network of filaments known as hyphae. Fungal cell differentiation is no less complicated than is found in plants or animals, but it is different. Many fungal pathogens of huma ...
Cell Structure Tumor Microenvironment
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... proteins in its outer cell wall [54]. For example, Alonso and co-workers have identied a lectin-like adhesion protein that specically recognizes the N-terminal domain of type IV collagen [55]. Furthermore, fucosespecic adhesins have been identi ed on germ tubes [56]. Interestingly, a large famil ...
... proteins in its outer cell wall [54]. For example, Alonso and co-workers have identied a lectin-like adhesion protein that specically recognizes the N-terminal domain of type IV collagen [55]. Furthermore, fucosespecic adhesins have been identi ed on germ tubes [56]. Interestingly, a large famil ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
It`s So Simple: Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)
... 9. On the bottom side of the model, cover the area beneath the body, and then press the paramecium against a sheet of colored paper. You don’t want the cilia glued down. 10. Label the sheet “Paramecium,” and then identify the different parts as shown. You can always add more parts to the model. ...
... 9. On the bottom side of the model, cover the area beneath the body, and then press the paramecium against a sheet of colored paper. You don’t want the cilia glued down. 10. Label the sheet “Paramecium,” and then identify the different parts as shown. You can always add more parts to the model. ...
Structure and Nanostructure of the Outer Tangential Epidermal Cell
... treatment) followed by refrigerated storage or osmotic dehydration (according to the shelf life intended) could be an alternative to freezing and controlled atmosphere preservation methods. However, there is no information in the literature about the structure changes provoked in blueberries by thes ...
... treatment) followed by refrigerated storage or osmotic dehydration (according to the shelf life intended) could be an alternative to freezing and controlled atmosphere preservation methods. However, there is no information in the literature about the structure changes provoked in blueberries by thes ...
Cell Death Suppressor, Arabidopsis BI
... pYX112-AtBI, which were then subjected to spot assay. The growth curve of these yeast strains expressing AtBI-1 were almost same, and sensitivities of these yeast strains against Bax-induced cell death were also similar (data not shown). As shown in Figure 4A and B, WT and most mutants expressing bo ...
... pYX112-AtBI, which were then subjected to spot assay. The growth curve of these yeast strains expressing AtBI-1 were almost same, and sensitivities of these yeast strains against Bax-induced cell death were also similar (data not shown). As shown in Figure 4A and B, WT and most mutants expressing bo ...
Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Expressing
... had no effect ( 104±13% of control, n = 3) (Fig. 3). The same experiments were extended to two other POMC-expressing SCLC cell lines, COR L103 and DMS 79, but again no induction of transcription from GMCO was observed after dexamethasone treatment, even at 2,000 nM (Fig. 3). Glucocorticoids act to r ...
... had no effect ( 104±13% of control, n = 3) (Fig. 3). The same experiments were extended to two other POMC-expressing SCLC cell lines, COR L103 and DMS 79, but again no induction of transcription from GMCO was observed after dexamethasone treatment, even at 2,000 nM (Fig. 3). Glucocorticoids act to r ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
... in diameter (74). The smaller dark vesicles predominate initially, whereas the larger light vesicles appear more numerous at a later stage of cell plate formation. Both size calculations and the occurrence of hourglass-shaped putative vesicle fusion intermediates suggest that pairwise fusion of smal ...
The evolution of meiosis and sexual reproduction
... Because of the reduction in errors during replication, a DNA-based system may code for a larger genome (Reanney, 1984) and will replace an RNA-based system. It has been suggested (Reanney, 1974) that the prokaryote genome organization may be derived from a eukaryote type. The discovery of the intron ...
... Because of the reduction in errors during replication, a DNA-based system may code for a larger genome (Reanney, 1984) and will replace an RNA-based system. It has been suggested (Reanney, 1974) that the prokaryote genome organization may be derived from a eukaryote type. The discovery of the intron ...