First report on Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Red Sea off the
... The cell number of N. scintillans correlated negatively with the cell numbers of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula, the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and all the dinoflagellate species (Alexandrium sp., Ceratium sp., Dinophysis sp., Prorocentrum sp.) (r = −0.4:−0.99). These species were abundant i ...
... The cell number of N. scintillans correlated negatively with the cell numbers of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula, the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and all the dinoflagellate species (Alexandrium sp., Ceratium sp., Dinophysis sp., Prorocentrum sp.) (r = −0.4:−0.99). These species were abundant i ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... Figure 2. Regulation of autophagy and its relationship with signaling molecules and apoptotic mediators. In the presence of amino acids, growth factors and energy, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) represses autophagy by inhibiting the kinase activity of ULK1. In contrast, in the absence of amino acids an ...
... Figure 2. Regulation of autophagy and its relationship with signaling molecules and apoptotic mediators. In the presence of amino acids, growth factors and energy, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) represses autophagy by inhibiting the kinase activity of ULK1. In contrast, in the absence of amino acids an ...
Mathematical model predicts a critical role for osteoclast autocrine
... Bone remodeling proceeds simultaneously, but asynchronously at multiple sites that can occupy 5–25% of the bone surface [1]. The progression of bone remodeling at each site is regulated by numerous autocrine and paracrine factors [7,8]. Predicting the cumulative effects of multiple factors on bone r ...
... Bone remodeling proceeds simultaneously, but asynchronously at multiple sites that can occupy 5–25% of the bone surface [1]. The progression of bone remodeling at each site is regulated by numerous autocrine and paracrine factors [7,8]. Predicting the cumulative effects of multiple factors on bone r ...
Determinants of Action Potential Propagation in Cerebellar Purkinje
... accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as bursts of spikes in response to climbing fiber activation (the “complex spike”). Here we have visualized the axon of individual Purkinje ...
... accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as bursts of spikes in response to climbing fiber activation (the “complex spike”). Here we have visualized the axon of individual Purkinje ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... natural inhabitant of estuarine and coastal waters throughout world. This bacterium can survive in conditions of varying temperature, pH, and salinity. It can also survive in the presence of bacteriovorous predators such as ciliates and flagellates [3,4]. Secreted cholera toxin (CTX) is a major viru ...
... natural inhabitant of estuarine and coastal waters throughout world. This bacterium can survive in conditions of varying temperature, pH, and salinity. It can also survive in the presence of bacteriovorous predators such as ciliates and flagellates [3,4]. Secreted cholera toxin (CTX) is a major viru ...
Exosomes: Implications in HIV-1 Pathogenesis
... they are secreted. Some cargos present in exosomes isolated from HIV-1 infected cells are viral components, suggesting a role for exosomes in facilitating viral evasion of host immunity. There is evidence that HIV-1 infection or transduction of cells with the HIV-1 accessory protein, Nef, increases ...
... they are secreted. Some cargos present in exosomes isolated from HIV-1 infected cells are viral components, suggesting a role for exosomes in facilitating viral evasion of host immunity. There is evidence that HIV-1 infection or transduction of cells with the HIV-1 accessory protein, Nef, increases ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
Biology - Cellular, Molecular, Professional Emphasis (sample 4 Year Plan) 2011.doc
... Bio 306 Neurobiology (S, odd years) (3 cr) Bio 315 Virology (S) (3 cr) Bio 321 Mycology (F) (3 cr) Bio 337 Plant Anatomy (S) (3 cr) Bio 309 General Bacteriology (5 cr) Bio 316 Developmental Biology (S) (3 cr) Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron ...
... Bio 306 Neurobiology (S, odd years) (3 cr) Bio 315 Virology (S) (3 cr) Bio 321 Mycology (F) (3 cr) Bio 337 Plant Anatomy (S) (3 cr) Bio 309 General Bacteriology (5 cr) Bio 316 Developmental Biology (S) (3 cr) Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron ...
Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness
... transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO2. Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal respo ...
... transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO2. Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal respo ...
The Role of the Terminal and Subterminal Oxidation
... indication was the classic coccus/short rod to long rod transition which occurred as the cultures entered the exponential phase of growth, followed by a transition to cocci/short rods on entering the stationary phase. All three strains grew fairly rapidly on gaseous alkanes after a lag phase of appr ...
... indication was the classic coccus/short rod to long rod transition which occurred as the cultures entered the exponential phase of growth, followed by a transition to cocci/short rods on entering the stationary phase. All three strains grew fairly rapidly on gaseous alkanes after a lag phase of appr ...
Graded maternal short gastrulation protein contributes to embryonic
... Fig. 1. Sog is secreted into the perivitelline space. Sog protein in whole mounts (A–C) and frozen sections (D–I) of egg chambers, using the 8B (A, B, D–I) or 8A (C) antiserum. Sog is observed inside follicle cells from stages 8 to 10 and between follicle cells and oocyte beginning at stage 10 (A, a ...
... Fig. 1. Sog is secreted into the perivitelline space. Sog protein in whole mounts (A–C) and frozen sections (D–I) of egg chambers, using the 8B (A, B, D–I) or 8A (C) antiserum. Sog is observed inside follicle cells from stages 8 to 10 and between follicle cells and oocyte beginning at stage 10 (A, a ...
Immune Escape of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in A Major Role
... point in their lifetime (3), and although most women will clear the infection, the average time for clearance is close to a year (4). Approximately 15% of women with a high-risk HPV infection cannot induce an effective immune response against the virus (5). These observations indicate that HPV is es ...
... point in their lifetime (3), and although most women will clear the infection, the average time for clearance is close to a year (4). Approximately 15% of women with a high-risk HPV infection cannot induce an effective immune response against the virus (5). These observations indicate that HPV is es ...
Review Role of a novel photopigment, melanopsin, in behavioral
... are already evident at birth (P0) [23, 24], long before detectable rod/cone photosensitivity first appears on postnatal day P10 [25]. Any functional significance of such early photosensitivity in melanopsin-containing cells is currently unknown, but could reflect an adaptive advantage to circadian p ...
... are already evident at birth (P0) [23, 24], long before detectable rod/cone photosensitivity first appears on postnatal day P10 [25]. Any functional significance of such early photosensitivity in melanopsin-containing cells is currently unknown, but could reflect an adaptive advantage to circadian p ...
The head organizer in Hydra
... The head organizer in Hydra plays no role in the head organizer as animals in which all the cells of the interstitial cell lineage have been removed behave normally when hand-fed in that their shape and size as well as epithelial cell division and the resulting tissue movements as well as bud forma ...
... The head organizer in Hydra plays no role in the head organizer as animals in which all the cells of the interstitial cell lineage have been removed behave normally when hand-fed in that their shape and size as well as epithelial cell division and the resulting tissue movements as well as bud forma ...
Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
The dehydratase ADT3 affects ROS homeostasis
... cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids. Interestingly, upregulation of the pathway ...
... cells, which lack oil bodies and normal plastids. Interestingly, upregulation of the pathway ...
single cotyledon (sic) mutants of pea and their significance in
... only seen from the ventral side, and not from the dorsal side at stage 22, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1B, ventral view). Transverse sections of a young embryo through the shoot apex revealed that the two cotyledons were joined together along the dorsal side, and the first leaf wa ...
... only seen from the ventral side, and not from the dorsal side at stage 22, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1B, ventral view). Transverse sections of a young embryo through the shoot apex revealed that the two cotyledons were joined together along the dorsal side, and the first leaf wa ...
Sensitive Interaction between Raptor a
... and PI-3K/PKB/PTEN pathways interconnect is unknown, but it is likely that these systems integrate growth factor- and nutrient-derived signals to determine overall growth rates. The mTOR pathway is particularly sensitive to the levels of nutrients, such as amino acids (Hara et al., 1998) and glucose ...
... and PI-3K/PKB/PTEN pathways interconnect is unknown, but it is likely that these systems integrate growth factor- and nutrient-derived signals to determine overall growth rates. The mTOR pathway is particularly sensitive to the levels of nutrients, such as amino acids (Hara et al., 1998) and glucose ...
... Constitutive Cycling of Golgi Proteins in and out of Golgi Bodies Our ability to stop the directional movement of Golgi structures by latrunculin B treatment allowed us to investigate the extent of protein cycling of ST-GFP and AtERD2-GFP in and out of Golgi bodies using photobleaching recovery tech ...
Concomitant appearance of intrinsic
... that accumulated trehalose rapidly in early respiratory phase showed equally rapid attainment of thermotolerance, whereas a strain unable to accumulate trehalose a t this stage of culture showed markedly delayed appearance of thermotolerance. These results were obtained using closely related but non ...
... that accumulated trehalose rapidly in early respiratory phase showed equally rapid attainment of thermotolerance, whereas a strain unable to accumulate trehalose a t this stage of culture showed markedly delayed appearance of thermotolerance. These results were obtained using closely related but non ...
Damage response of XRCC1 at sites of DNA single strand breaks is
... pAR is degraded by pAR glycohydrolase (PARG) immediately after its production. After degradation of pAR, XRCC1 appears to act as a molecular scaffold or matchmaker, recruiting and regulating the enzymatic components of the repair process at various stages of SSBR, but the key to retention of XRCC1 a ...
... pAR is degraded by pAR glycohydrolase (PARG) immediately after its production. After degradation of pAR, XRCC1 appears to act as a molecular scaffold or matchmaker, recruiting and regulating the enzymatic components of the repair process at various stages of SSBR, but the key to retention of XRCC1 a ...
- the University of Huddersfield Repository
... re-epithelialisation and tissue remodelling. During the tissue remodelling phase, fibroblastrich granulation tissue is gradually replaced with a relatively acellular scar and cross-linked collagen molecules give the scar tensile strength that approaches that of intact skin. During this process kerat ...
... re-epithelialisation and tissue remodelling. During the tissue remodelling phase, fibroblastrich granulation tissue is gradually replaced with a relatively acellular scar and cross-linked collagen molecules give the scar tensile strength that approaches that of intact skin. During this process kerat ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... dorsal and ventral locations on the fate map. Grafted embryos developed to the neurula stage with a secondary body axis near the graft site, and this axis contained a notochord and neural plate in nearly normal alignment and proportions. Since the donor and host embryos were from the same newt speci ...
... dorsal and ventral locations on the fate map. Grafted embryos developed to the neurula stage with a secondary body axis near the graft site, and this axis contained a notochord and neural plate in nearly normal alignment and proportions. Since the donor and host embryos were from the same newt speci ...
Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced
... localized primarily in the cytosol but upon induction of apoptosis rapidly translocates to the mitochondria (Hsu et al., 1997; Wolter et al., 1997; unpublished observations). Members of the Bcl-2 family play key roles in the apoptotic events occuring at the mitochondria. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL can block t ...
... localized primarily in the cytosol but upon induction of apoptosis rapidly translocates to the mitochondria (Hsu et al., 1997; Wolter et al., 1997; unpublished observations). Members of the Bcl-2 family play key roles in the apoptotic events occuring at the mitochondria. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL can block t ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.