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Salicylic Acid Regulates Plasmodesmata Closure
... ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4604-7974 (J-Y L). In plants, mounting an effective innate immune strategy against microbial pathogens involves triggering local cell death within infected cells as well as boosting the immunity of the uninfected neighboring and systemically located cells. Although not much is kn ...
... ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4604-7974 (J-Y L). In plants, mounting an effective innate immune strategy against microbial pathogens involves triggering local cell death within infected cells as well as boosting the immunity of the uninfected neighboring and systemically located cells. Although not much is kn ...
HL-1 Myocytes Exhibit PKC and K Channel-Dependent Delta Opioid Preconditioning
... 2mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies), 100 U/ml/100ug/ml Penicillin/ Streptomycin (Life Technologies), and 10% fetal bovine serum (JRH Biosciences). Norepinephrine supplementation of Claycomb Media TM allows HL-1s to display a beating phenotype and to maintain their differentiated state [28]. HL-1s we ...
... 2mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies), 100 U/ml/100ug/ml Penicillin/ Streptomycin (Life Technologies), and 10% fetal bovine serum (JRH Biosciences). Norepinephrine supplementation of Claycomb Media TM allows HL-1s to display a beating phenotype and to maintain their differentiated state [28]. HL-1s we ...
Allergen-Sensitization Increases Mast
... respectively. The rats were then injected in the jugular vein with 2 mg of OVA and Evans blue (34 mg/kg) in 3% saline. After 30 minutes, animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the diameter of each spot measured. For MC experiments, the titer of the anti-OVA IgE antibody was expressed as ...
... respectively. The rats were then injected in the jugular vein with 2 mg of OVA and Evans blue (34 mg/kg) in 3% saline. After 30 minutes, animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the diameter of each spot measured. For MC experiments, the titer of the anti-OVA IgE antibody was expressed as ...
A New Laboratory Cultivation of Paramecium bursaria Using Non
... each bacteria strain were made. Three of them were incubated under constant white fluorescent light (1.02 W/m2) and three were incubated in the dark. The watch glasses were placed in Petri dishes, lined with wet filter papers in order to minimize the evaporation of water. The experimental cultures pre ...
... each bacteria strain were made. Three of them were incubated under constant white fluorescent light (1.02 W/m2) and three were incubated in the dark. The watch glasses were placed in Petri dishes, lined with wet filter papers in order to minimize the evaporation of water. The experimental cultures pre ...
Risk Reduction in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by On
... antibiotics for gene retention and expression. ...
... antibiotics for gene retention and expression. ...
Expression of Efflux Transporters in Human Ocular Tissues
... extraction kit (Tiangen Corp, Beijing, China). A Smartspec3000 spectrophotometer (Bio-Rad Corp, Hercules, CA) was used to determine the concentration of recombinant plasmids by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm, and purity was confirmed using a 260/280 nm ratio. The plasmid copy number was calculat ...
... extraction kit (Tiangen Corp, Beijing, China). A Smartspec3000 spectrophotometer (Bio-Rad Corp, Hercules, CA) was used to determine the concentration of recombinant plasmids by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm, and purity was confirmed using a 260/280 nm ratio. The plasmid copy number was calculat ...
On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell
... survival or death of most, if not all, cells during development depends on the presence, and expression, of only four genes, ced-3, ced-4, ced-9, and egl-1.19,20,69 In addition to these four gene products involved in the control of selfdestruction and survival, there are at least seven additional ge ...
... survival or death of most, if not all, cells during development depends on the presence, and expression, of only four genes, ced-3, ced-4, ced-9, and egl-1.19,20,69 In addition to these four gene products involved in the control of selfdestruction and survival, there are at least seven additional ge ...
plantcell.org
... ortholog Zea mays SCARECROW (ZmSCR) is localized to the endodermal cell layer, suggesting that SCR plays a similar role in conserved pathways involved in regulation of the radial patterning of the diverse RAMs in these two species. Expression extends through the QC, providing evidence for the existe ...
... ortholog Zea mays SCARECROW (ZmSCR) is localized to the endodermal cell layer, suggesting that SCR plays a similar role in conserved pathways involved in regulation of the radial patterning of the diverse RAMs in these two species. Expression extends through the QC, providing evidence for the existe ...
Cytoskeletal Motors in Arabidopsis. Sixty
... Day, 2001b). When an Arabidopsis kinesin and an animal or fungal one are grouped into the same subfamily, however, one should not simply interpret that they share a similar function. This is not only because their nonmotor sequences often show no common features, but also because bootstrap values ar ...
... Day, 2001b). When an Arabidopsis kinesin and an animal or fungal one are grouped into the same subfamily, however, one should not simply interpret that they share a similar function. This is not only because their nonmotor sequences often show no common features, but also because bootstrap values ar ...
The Mechanosensitive TRPV4 Ion Channel
... • Infection-associated lung injury leads to edema and inflammatory cell infiltration causing increased matrix stiffness and secretion of cytokines Molyneaux et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014 Murray et al. Nat Rev Immunol , 2001 Wynn et al. Nature, 2013 ...
... • Infection-associated lung injury leads to edema and inflammatory cell infiltration causing increased matrix stiffness and secretion of cytokines Molyneaux et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014 Murray et al. Nat Rev Immunol , 2001 Wynn et al. Nature, 2013 ...
Western et al., 2001 - UBC Blogs
... have ruptured, leaving some remnants (arrow) attached to the columellae, and no pink-staining mucilage is apparent. G, mum2-1 seed coat at 7 DAP. H, mum2-1 seed coat at 10 DAP. Note partial rupture of center cell, whereas the others are intact. I, mum2-1 seed coat at 13 DAP. Columellae are fully for ...
... have ruptured, leaving some remnants (arrow) attached to the columellae, and no pink-staining mucilage is apparent. G, mum2-1 seed coat at 7 DAP. H, mum2-1 seed coat at 10 DAP. Note partial rupture of center cell, whereas the others are intact. I, mum2-1 seed coat at 13 DAP. Columellae are fully for ...
Organization and translation of mRNA in sympathetic axons
... to that of mRNA, we performed 35S metabolic labeling with axons separated from their cell bodies. Axonally synthesized proteins were distributed throughout the axons and their synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide but not by chloramphenicol. Proteins translated mainly or exclusively in axons or c ...
... to that of mRNA, we performed 35S metabolic labeling with axons separated from their cell bodies. Axonally synthesized proteins were distributed throughout the axons and their synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide but not by chloramphenicol. Proteins translated mainly or exclusively in axons or c ...
LvNotch positions the ectoderm-endoderm boundary
... the translation of injected mRNAs nor the phenotypes produced (see Fig. 7; data not shown). Similar to Lytechinus pictus embryos (see Henry et al., 1989), we noted that in Lytechinus variegatus, the third cleavage plane was usually slightly subequatorial. Thus, for consistency, we only injected blas ...
... the translation of injected mRNAs nor the phenotypes produced (see Fig. 7; data not shown). Similar to Lytechinus pictus embryos (see Henry et al., 1989), we noted that in Lytechinus variegatus, the third cleavage plane was usually slightly subequatorial. Thus, for consistency, we only injected blas ...
The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis
... and plant growth, changes to osmotic pressure can directly affect plant growth (Lockhart, 1965; Geitmann and Ortega, 2009). Additionally, changes to osmotic conditions can alter cell expansion, especially of the roots, resulting in directional plant growth towards more favorable water conditions or ...
... and plant growth, changes to osmotic pressure can directly affect plant growth (Lockhart, 1965; Geitmann and Ortega, 2009). Additionally, changes to osmotic conditions can alter cell expansion, especially of the roots, resulting in directional plant growth towards more favorable water conditions or ...
Mitochondria in lung biology and pathology: more than - AJP-Lung
... The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes differ in certain fundamental respects. For example, compared with the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome is tiny. Even if all the mtDNA molecules in cells with high mitochondrial densities are totaled, it is still a small fraction of the size of the nucle ...
... The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes differ in certain fundamental respects. For example, compared with the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome is tiny. Even if all the mtDNA molecules in cells with high mitochondrial densities are totaled, it is still a small fraction of the size of the nucle ...
Different Doses of the Enhanced UV
... which are preceded by G1 and G2 gap phases, respectively. Typically, this cell cycle is associated with cell division, and M-phase is generally coupled to karyokinesis and cytokinesis, which generate daughter cells with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content identical to those of their mother cel ...
... which are preceded by G1 and G2 gap phases, respectively. Typically, this cell cycle is associated with cell division, and M-phase is generally coupled to karyokinesis and cytokinesis, which generate daughter cells with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content identical to those of their mother cel ...
COMPLEMENTATION AND PRELIMINARY
... by EMS or UV mutagenesis were examined by phase contrast microscopy. In a standard mating, pair formation occurs within 36 hr after inoculation of nutrient-limited liquid medium (LPN) with vegetative cells. At the end of a 3day incubation, most zygotes are fully rounded and a distinctive “primary zy ...
... by EMS or UV mutagenesis were examined by phase contrast microscopy. In a standard mating, pair formation occurs within 36 hr after inoculation of nutrient-limited liquid medium (LPN) with vegetative cells. At the end of a 3day incubation, most zygotes are fully rounded and a distinctive “primary zy ...
t-SNARE Phosphorylation Regulates Endocytosis in Yeast
... Standard methods were used for the introduction of DNA into yeast and the preparation of genomic DNA (Rose et al., 1990). ...
... Standard methods were used for the introduction of DNA into yeast and the preparation of genomic DNA (Rose et al., 1990). ...
Correlative Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy on Ultrathin
... sites by confocal and electron microscopy. HeLa cells were permeabilized, allowed to extend nascent transcripts in Br-UTP for 15 min, fixed, and cryosections (150 nm) prepared. One cryosection was transferred onto a glass coverslip, Br-RNA indirectly immunolabeled with FITC–protein A adsorbed to 6- ...
... sites by confocal and electron microscopy. HeLa cells were permeabilized, allowed to extend nascent transcripts in Br-UTP for 15 min, fixed, and cryosections (150 nm) prepared. One cryosection was transferred onto a glass coverslip, Br-RNA indirectly immunolabeled with FITC–protein A adsorbed to 6- ...
File
... Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution Driving force is the kinetic energy (energy of motion) that causes the molecules to move about randomly ...
... Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution Driving force is the kinetic energy (energy of motion) that causes the molecules to move about randomly ...
The Arabidopsis trichome is an active mechanosensory switch
... were used. For apo-pHusion, excitation was carried out at 488 nm, and capture was carried out at 500–550 nm for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) component; for the red fluorescent component mRFP1, the respective values were 558 and 580–610 nm. For cameleon, excitation was carried out at ...
... were used. For apo-pHusion, excitation was carried out at 488 nm, and capture was carried out at 500–550 nm for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) component; for the red fluorescent component mRFP1, the respective values were 558 and 580–610 nm. For cameleon, excitation was carried out at ...
Anti-bacteria and In Vivo Tumor Treatment by Reactive Oxygen
... was incubated to 6 × 108 CFU/mL, and then MNPs (20 g/mL) and H2O2 (13.5 g/mL) was added into the medium for killing E. coli. The solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min after 1 h treatments, the supernatant was removed and E. coli was dispersed into the solution of PI (10 g/mL) for 10 min. ...
... was incubated to 6 × 108 CFU/mL, and then MNPs (20 g/mL) and H2O2 (13.5 g/mL) was added into the medium for killing E. coli. The solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min after 1 h treatments, the supernatant was removed and E. coli was dispersed into the solution of PI (10 g/mL) for 10 min. ...
D. Malpighian tubules play similar function as tubular parts of the
... tubules develop from ectodermal and mesodermal cell lineages, it provides opportunity to identify novel genes involved in the integration of cells from different origins that makes mature and functional structure. Different segments of tubules are specialized to perform different functions that prov ...
... tubules develop from ectodermal and mesodermal cell lineages, it provides opportunity to identify novel genes involved in the integration of cells from different origins that makes mature and functional structure. Different segments of tubules are specialized to perform different functions that prov ...
Maurizio Gentile Role of mTOR in the Activation of Prof. Andrea Cerutti
... The marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen contains an innate-like subset of B cells that mount rapid protective antibody responses to polysaccharides and lipids from blood-borne viruses and bacteria. These antigens activate MZ B cells by engaging somatically recombined B cell receptors (BCRs) and germlin ...
... The marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen contains an innate-like subset of B cells that mount rapid protective antibody responses to polysaccharides and lipids from blood-borne viruses and bacteria. These antigens activate MZ B cells by engaging somatically recombined B cell receptors (BCRs) and germlin ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.