![Epiblast and primitive-streak origins of the endoderm in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000218601_1-202fdda771f298800a54b2aa416a5d74-300x300.png)
Epiblast and primitive-streak origins of the endoderm in
... The present study had three aims. First, we determined the primitive-streak origin of the endoderm using supravital fluorescent markers, and followed the movement of the prospective endodermal cells as they dispersed to generate the definitive endodermal layer. The results demonstrate that between s ...
... The present study had three aims. First, we determined the primitive-streak origin of the endoderm using supravital fluorescent markers, and followed the movement of the prospective endodermal cells as they dispersed to generate the definitive endodermal layer. The results demonstrate that between s ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... at available templates. For example, Golgi environment could promote tubulin polymerization off the γ-TuRC templates and/or facilitate stabilization of MTs that already started to polymerize, preventing their immediate catastrophe. Such support of MT formation can be provided by MT plus tip tracking ...
... at available templates. For example, Golgi environment could promote tubulin polymerization off the γ-TuRC templates and/or facilitate stabilization of MTs that already started to polymerize, preventing their immediate catastrophe. Such support of MT formation can be provided by MT plus tip tracking ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... Most bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall that helps protect the bacteria and gives them structure. Many broad-spectrum antibiotics, including penicillin and vancomycin, work by interfering with how this protective wall is built from molecules called peptidoglycans. However, Gram-negative bacteria ...
... Most bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall that helps protect the bacteria and gives them structure. Many broad-spectrum antibiotics, including penicillin and vancomycin, work by interfering with how this protective wall is built from molecules called peptidoglycans. However, Gram-negative bacteria ...
NYS Lab: Diffusion Through a Membrane
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
... • exposure to a strongly hypotonic solution resulted in the cell's ability to quickly adjust to ...
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton
... significantly similar (30–43% identity) to domains 1 to 3 of PA, indicating that these components have a conserved structure and similar folding. The low homology (less than 10% identity) between domain 4 of PA and the corresponding sequences of the binding components of clostridial binary toxins re ...
... significantly similar (30–43% identity) to domains 1 to 3 of PA, indicating that these components have a conserved structure and similar folding. The low homology (less than 10% identity) between domain 4 of PA and the corresponding sequences of the binding components of clostridial binary toxins re ...
File
... site for mRNA. • Serves as a signal transducer. • An essential component of the cell’s division machinery. ...
... site for mRNA. • Serves as a signal transducer. • An essential component of the cell’s division machinery. ...
figure 1 - Open Biology
... The accurate segregation of replicated genomes into daughter cells during cell division is a prerequisite for life in all three domains of life: Archaea, bacteria, Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled ...
... The accurate segregation of replicated genomes into daughter cells during cell division is a prerequisite for life in all three domains of life: Archaea, bacteria, Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled ...
Effects of Ammonia and Lactate on Hybridoma Growth, Metabolism
... The influence of ammonia and lactate on cell growth, metabolic, and antibody production rates was investigated for murine hybridoma cell line 163.4653during batch culture. The specific growth rate was reduced by one-half in the presence of an initial ammonia concentration of 4 mM. Increasing ammonia ...
... The influence of ammonia and lactate on cell growth, metabolic, and antibody production rates was investigated for murine hybridoma cell line 163.4653during batch culture. The specific growth rate was reduced by one-half in the presence of an initial ammonia concentration of 4 mM. Increasing ammonia ...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces vascular endothelial
... Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on December 6, 2005 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.019539 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. ...
... Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on December 6, 2005 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.019539 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... • Compatible with DNA, small RNA (siRNA, shRNA, miRNA), mRNA, and small protein complexing • Free of serum and protein of animal origin • Compatible with standard and reverse transfection methods (both protocols provided in the kit manual) • Easy to use AGS transfection protocol ensures great perfor ...
... • Compatible with DNA, small RNA (siRNA, shRNA, miRNA), mRNA, and small protein complexing • Free of serum and protein of animal origin • Compatible with standard and reverse transfection methods (both protocols provided in the kit manual) • Easy to use AGS transfection protocol ensures great perfor ...
Signaling networks that regulate muscle development: Lessons from
... Recent studies of muscle development in zebrafish provide exciting insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms that regulate induction, specification and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition, the ability to perform both genetic and embryological analyses with single cell resolution makes ...
... Recent studies of muscle development in zebrafish provide exciting insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms that regulate induction, specification and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition, the ability to perform both genetic and embryological analyses with single cell resolution makes ...
Cytotoxicity of 1,2-epoxynaphthalene Is Correlated with
... monooxygenases to 1,2-epoxynaphthalene. However, the subsequent interactions of the epoxide with macromolecules in the cells, and the significance of these interactions to cellular injury, are not well characterized. Additionally, CYP1A1, which can metabolize naphthalene to 1,2-epoxynaphthalene, may ...
... monooxygenases to 1,2-epoxynaphthalene. However, the subsequent interactions of the epoxide with macromolecules in the cells, and the significance of these interactions to cellular injury, are not well characterized. Additionally, CYP1A1, which can metabolize naphthalene to 1,2-epoxynaphthalene, may ...
Did trypanosomatid parasites have photosynthetic
... The Euglenozoa consists of a heterogeneous group of single-celled flagellates, most of which are members of two major subgroups: kinetoplastids and euglenids (see Figure 1 in the main text). Kinetoplastids are morphologically defined by highly structured mitochondrial inclusions of DNA called kineto ...
... The Euglenozoa consists of a heterogeneous group of single-celled flagellates, most of which are members of two major subgroups: kinetoplastids and euglenids (see Figure 1 in the main text). Kinetoplastids are morphologically defined by highly structured mitochondrial inclusions of DNA called kineto ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... through MAPKs to downstream transcriptional regulatory targets of stomata development [13]. MAPKKs MKK4 and MKK5, as well as MKK7 and MKK9 inhibit the entry into stomata lineage and stomata proliferation by likely activating MPK3 and MPK6. On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote la ...
... through MAPKs to downstream transcriptional regulatory targets of stomata development [13]. MAPKKs MKK4 and MKK5, as well as MKK7 and MKK9 inhibit the entry into stomata lineage and stomata proliferation by likely activating MPK3 and MPK6. On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote la ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... also be considered as the ripening control factor, because the ABA content is very low in unripe fruit but increases during the process of fruit ripening (Zhang et al. 2009). Ethylene production is closely associated with ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory pat ...
... also be considered as the ripening control factor, because the ABA content is very low in unripe fruit but increases during the process of fruit ripening (Zhang et al. 2009). Ethylene production is closely associated with ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory pat ...
Grafting Techniques towards Production of Peptide-Tethered
... factors and ECM proteins, into these scaffolds is still a major challenge. These signals are usually adsorbed or covalently attached to a scaffold material, however, prolonged biological activity is thwarted by stability problems after administered into the body [2,3]. An effective functionalization ...
... factors and ECM proteins, into these scaffolds is still a major challenge. These signals are usually adsorbed or covalently attached to a scaffold material, however, prolonged biological activity is thwarted by stability problems after administered into the body [2,3]. An effective functionalization ...
Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks:
... local species extinctions and population declines (Begon et al. 1996). This has been shown for many different types of ecosystems, including coral reefs (Barret 1995), rain forests (ArroyoRodriguez et al. 2007) and grasslands (Thomas et al. 1992). Species in fragmented landscapes live in more or les ...
... local species extinctions and population declines (Begon et al. 1996). This has been shown for many different types of ecosystems, including coral reefs (Barret 1995), rain forests (ArroyoRodriguez et al. 2007) and grasslands (Thomas et al. 1992). Species in fragmented landscapes live in more or les ...
Sphingolipids Containing Very-Long
... loh1-2+/2 loh3-22/2 (n = 79), which produced 18 and 12% abnormal seeds, respectively (Figure 1C). The embryo morphology in these seeds was often strongly altered with thicker hypocotyls and a single cotyledon (Figure 1C). No double loh1-2 loh3-2 mutant was recovered from seeds sown on soil, suggesti ...
... loh1-2+/2 loh3-22/2 (n = 79), which produced 18 and 12% abnormal seeds, respectively (Figure 1C). The embryo morphology in these seeds was often strongly altered with thicker hypocotyls and a single cotyledon (Figure 1C). No double loh1-2 loh3-2 mutant was recovered from seeds sown on soil, suggesti ...
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth
... Bacteria come in a range of shapes (such as cocci and rods), and their internal volume ranges from ~10–2 to ~106 μm3 (REF. 1). Importantly, however, cells of any given species are rather uniform in shape and size during vegetative growth. Therefore, growing bacteria must have robust mechanisms to ma ...
... Bacteria come in a range of shapes (such as cocci and rods), and their internal volume ranges from ~10–2 to ~106 μm3 (REF. 1). Importantly, however, cells of any given species are rather uniform in shape and size during vegetative growth. Therefore, growing bacteria must have robust mechanisms to ma ...
S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Activator
... be active (Morgan, 1997). The expression of each cyclin subunit is confined to a small window during the cell cycle via transcriptional regulation and regulated protein degradation. The association of different cyclin subunits with the CDK subunit (Cdc28 in budding yeast) allows the phosphorylation ...
... be active (Morgan, 1997). The expression of each cyclin subunit is confined to a small window during the cell cycle via transcriptional regulation and regulated protein degradation. The association of different cyclin subunits with the CDK subunit (Cdc28 in budding yeast) allows the phosphorylation ...
Pseudomonas spp.-induced systemic resistance
... one of the earliest events produced in cell suspension cultures in response to rhizobacterial elicitors that could be linked to the development of ISR in whole plants (Van Loon et al., 2008). This oxidative burst was similar to that induced by oligosaccharides in grapevine suspension cells (Aziz et ...
... one of the earliest events produced in cell suspension cultures in response to rhizobacterial elicitors that could be linked to the development of ISR in whole plants (Van Loon et al., 2008). This oxidative burst was similar to that induced by oligosaccharides in grapevine suspension cells (Aziz et ...
Immunology of tuberculosis Review Article Alamelu Raja
... TLR4 in a CD 14-independent, ligand-specific manner56. Acquired immune response Humoral immune response: Since M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, the serum components may not get access and may not play any protective role. Although many researchers have dismissed a role for B cells or an ...
... TLR4 in a CD 14-independent, ligand-specific manner56. Acquired immune response Humoral immune response: Since M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, the serum components may not get access and may not play any protective role. Although many researchers have dismissed a role for B cells or an ...
Immunology of tuberculosis
... TLR4 in a CD 14-independent, ligand-specific manner56. Acquired immune response Humoral immune response: Since M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, the serum components may not get access and may not play any protective role. Although many researchers have dismissed a role for B cells or an ...
... TLR4 in a CD 14-independent, ligand-specific manner56. Acquired immune response Humoral immune response: Since M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, the serum components may not get access and may not play any protective role. Although many researchers have dismissed a role for B cells or an ...
Document
... sponse to RBC loss, have a longer lifespan. Without performing a correction for these so-called ‘shift’ reticulocytes, the ...
... sponse to RBC loss, have a longer lifespan. Without performing a correction for these so-called ‘shift’ reticulocytes, the ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.