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Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae. PNAS 105 , 10017-10022.
Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae. PNAS 105 , 10017-10022.

... the mechanism of blood-cell recruitment to larval wound sites. First, the small number of tissue-bound blood cells in the vicinity of the wound site was not sufficient to account for the large number of cells that rapidly accumulated at the wound during the inflammatory response (Fig. 2 B, C, and I) ...
CycD1, a Putative G1 Cyclin from Antirrhinum majus, Accelerates
CycD1, a Putative G1 Cyclin from Antirrhinum majus, Accelerates

... CycD1 Is Located in the Interphase Nucleus The location and timing of a cyclin’s appearance can provide clues as to its probable function (Draviam et al., 2001; Jackman et al., 2003). Therefore, as a first step, we transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP):CycD1 under the 35S promoter of ...
1 The Diversity of Cells
1 The Diversity of Cells

... new single-celled organism. It has a cell wall, ribosomes, and long, circular DNA. Is it a eukaryote or a prokaryote cell? Explain. 8. Identifying Relationships You are looking at a cell under a microscope. It is a single cell, but it also forms chains. What characteristics would this cell have if t ...
Scaling up Delivery Guide
Scaling up Delivery Guide

... lump. The learners must firstly do the task on their own – then they must do it as part of a production line (e.g. with one one tearing off plasticine from the large ball into appropriate sizes, one rolling the pieces into balls and the final one squaring them off ). Talk about the division of labou ...
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE LOCATION OF
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE LOCATION OF

... ilagellur antigen dnrhig at least the first six weeks of life, hnt gave normal secondary responses (Miller, unpublished). Three litter mates were subjeeted to the same procedure except that the thyinns was not. in fact, removed. At four weeks of age these animals were injeeted with ''H-thymidine int ...
MLAB 1315- Hematology Fall 2007 Keri Brophy
MLAB 1315- Hematology Fall 2007 Keri Brophy

... Reactive or Atypical: Atypical is widely used; however, connotes abnormal or ...
PDF
PDF

... Expanding the zebrafish toolkit The zebrafish genetics toolkit has been missing a particularly handy piece of kit: a promoter to drive ubiquitous transgene expression throughout development, equivalent to the Rosa26 locus used in mouse genetics. But no longer, for in one of Development’s inaugural T ...
review - Biological Sciences
review - Biological Sciences

... complement of genes, will greatly facilitate the value of this experimental system. ...
MicroRNA Involvement in Breast Cancer Multidrug Resistance
MicroRNA Involvement in Breast Cancer Multidrug Resistance

... with elevated expression of one or more ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as three well-known drug efflux proteins: P-glycoprotein (MDR-1), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP-1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). However, the regulation of these transporters remains c ...
PDF
PDF

... Expanding the zebrafish toolkit The zebrafish genetics toolkit has been missing a particularly handy piece of kit: a promoter to drive ubiquitous transgene expression throughout development, equivalent to the Rosa26 locus used in mouse genetics. But no longer, for in one of Development’s inaugural T ...
Types of Tissues
Types of Tissues

... tissue, for example, your skin. The mucous membrane is also a composite of connective and epithelial tissues. Sometimes called mucosae, these epithelial membranes line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, a ...
Text S1.
Text S1.

... the data were averaged over the entire session, making it impossible to trace short timescale changes in network dynamics. In contrast to the double rotation studies, in our experiments there were two spatial frames, both of which were defined by distributed sets of landmarks that were present throu ...
PDF
PDF

... Expanding the zebrafish toolkit The zebrafish genetics toolkit has been missing a particularly handy piece of kit: a promoter to drive ubiquitous transgene expression throughout development, equivalent to the Rosa26 locus used in mouse genetics. But no longer, for in one of Development’s inaugural T ...
Gene Section FAIM (Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule)  Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section FAIM (Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... are crucial for the normal development and tissue homeostasis. In contrast to most cell types, differentiated cells such as neurons require a highly controlled mechanism that allows survival for the entire life of the organism and protecting it from multitude of stimuli that can affect cellular inte ...
Wnt Signaling and a Hox Protein Cooperatively Regulate PSA
Wnt Signaling and a Hox Protein Cooperatively Regulate PSA

... During animal development, a zygote generates diverse cell types that have different temporal and spatial identities; asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism for generating this diversity. In Drosophila, the asymmetric divisions of a number of neuroblasts are regulated by the asymmetric ...
What about Artificial Organs?
What about Artificial Organs?

... not all patients waiting for a donor heart will have one available to them when they need it to save their lives. In the United States, approximately 16% of transplant-eligible patients on the list die or become too sick for a transplant while waiting for a donor heart. A manufactured full-functiona ...
Involvement of the Mismatch Repair System in Temozolomide
Involvement of the Mismatch Repair System in Temozolomide

... obtain comparable levels of cell growth impairment in TK6 cells (data not shown). As a control, similar experiments were performed with the unrelated antitumor drug etoposide, which is known to exert its cytotoxic effects through the inhibition of topoisomerase II (Bender et al., 1990). In this case ...
In This Issue - The Journal of Cell Biology
In This Issue - The Journal of Cell Biology

... observed, creating a structure with microtubules and has simultaneously a comma-shaped cross section rather provided evidence that it is not. Now, than a microtubule. Previously on page 1039, Hu et al. resolve this described tubulin structures are longstanding dilemma by demonstrating generally circ ...
Chlamydia
Chlamydia

... eye or the genitourinary tract of humans. Subgroup B organisms, although primarily parasites of birds, can be transmitted to man where they cause a lung infection. The mechanism by which chlamydia cause disease or injure cells is unknown. Chlamydial infections of mucous membranes cause damage to tis ...
AP Biology - WEB . WHRSD . ORG
AP Biology - WEB . WHRSD . ORG

... AP Biology ...
Stem cell technology for drug discovery and development
Stem cell technology for drug discovery and development

... Stem cells are extraordinary cells, capable of self-renewal and differentiation to mature somatic cell types in vivo and in vitro. Different types of stem cells exist that differ in their longevity in culture and in the variety of mature cell types they can generate (Fig. 1). Pluripotent stem cells, ...
EXERCISE 4 - Lab Procedures
EXERCISE 4 - Lab Procedures

... layer around the edge of the cell. This is difficult to observe under the light microscope, but can easily be seen in the plant cell models, photos, and diagrams available in lab. It is also difficult to observe any membranes in this preparation, but you should be able to determine where they are wi ...
Chapter 3 - Media Components and Preparation
Chapter 3 - Media Components and Preparation

... Table 3.1 outlines the five MS inorganic salt stock solutions. These salt stocks are prepared at 100 times the final medium concentration, and each stock is added at the rate of 10 ml per 1000 ml of medium prepared. The NaFeEDTA stock should be protected from light by storing it in a bottle that is ...
Chapter 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and
Chapter 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and

... A virus is a minuscule, acellular, infectious agent having one or several pieces of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, never both). They have no plasma membrane (some have a membrane like envelope), cytosol, or organelles. They are not capable of metabolic activity on their own, outside of the cell, calle ...
Loosening of plant cell walls by expansins
Loosening of plant cell walls by expansins

... other organs. Meristematic cells are small (~5 µm) and densely packed with cytoplasm. When cells are displaced from the meristem, they typically undergo a prolonged phase of enlargement and differentiation during which cell volume greatly increases. To take an extreme example, a water-conducting cel ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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