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Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish - MPI
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish - MPI

... Fig. 2. Apical attachment of the dorsal forerunner cell cluster to the enveloping layer and subsequent detachment to form a cellular rosette during gastrulation. (A-B⬘) Confocal images of Tg(β-actin:HRASEGFP) zebrafish embryos immunolabelled with an antiaPKC-ζ antibody. GFP (green) and aPKC-ζ (red) ...
Biology EOC Study Guide - Volusia County Schools
Biology EOC Study Guide - Volusia County Schools

... 15. Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms? ...
The Bacterial Cytoskeleton
The Bacterial Cytoskeleton

... has recently been provided with the use of a relatively new technique known as electron cryotomography (ECT). ECT employs a rapid freezing (cryofixation) approach for sample preparation, which preserves the natural organisation of the cell much more accurately than traditional electron microscopy me ...
JOHN MASON PAWELEK, Ph
JOHN MASON PAWELEK, Ph

... Aberrant glycosylation is an independent predictor of metastasis and poor survival in breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Research Conference, Yale Cancer Center. 01/13/04 “Origins of cancer.” Spotlight on Research: Yale Animal Care and Use Seminar Series. 02/12/04. “Cancer.” Nursing Program, University ...
CELL
CELL

... •  It holds the organelles in place within the cell. •  It contains dissolved nutrients-mainly proteins, electrolytes and glucose. •  It helps to break down waste products. •  The nucleus flows with the cytoplasm changing its shape as it moves. •  The function of the cytoplasm - the organelles which ...
RNA-seq: primary cells, cell lines and heat stress
RNA-seq: primary cells, cell lines and heat stress

... Transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq has emerged as a high-throughput, costeffective means to evaluate the expression pattern of genes in organisms. Unlike other methods, such as microarrays or quantitative PCR, RNA-seq is a target free method that permits analysis of essentially any RNA that can be am ...
A Cell Type-specific Constitutive Point Mutant of the
A Cell Type-specific Constitutive Point Mutant of the

... Construction of the FDC-P1 cDNA Library—cDNA library construction was performed essentially as described by Rayner and Gonda (25). Briefly, cDNA was synthesized from the mouse IL-3/GM-CSF-dependent myeloid cell line FDC-P1 (26) and size-selected for cDNA fragments greater than 500 base pairs. Follow ...
Biology
Biology

... Kingdom Protista is very diverse. Some of its members example _____________, are photosynthetic so they have _______________ to capture light from the Sun. Very often, these have ______________ to help them move. Other members, for example _____________, are _______________ which means that they hav ...
WikiJunior Biology - USP Theses Collection
WikiJunior Biology - USP Theses Collection

... Bacteria Bacteria are single celled creatures with no nucleus. They are very, very small. They grow all over the Earth, in the ground, in the water, and even in our bodies. Some bacteria can cause diseases, but most do good things like break down waste and make oxygen. ...
Figure 1: Representative gels of cheek and hair samples for ALU.
Figure 1: Representative gels of cheek and hair samples for ALU.

... its neighboring cells, with the exception of common mutations that arise during replication. A chimera is not simply a single mutated cell, but an individual with two populations of cells containing two different cell lines [2]. Three forms of chimerism have been described, gestational, artificial, ...
Cell shape determination in Escherichia coli
Cell shape determination in Escherichia coli

... synthesis of cylindrical murein and/or to regulate the dimensions of the cell cylinder, but information remains lacking. We are confident that our understanding of cell shape control will increase rapidly. Major immediate challenges will be to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for cell ...
Epidermal Pavement Cells of Arabidopsis Have
Epidermal Pavement Cells of Arabidopsis Have

... and observations obtained independently in several different labs are presented (Fig. 1). Chlorophyll autofluorescence (emission peak 485 nm) is routinely detected using epifluorescent microscopy (B-3A long-pass filter set) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (excitation 488 nm; emission c ...
Nomination Letter for Dara L. Kraitchman
Nomination Letter for Dara L. Kraitchman

... of myocardial infarction for tracking stem cells (35, 51). Because her work is performed using clinical imaging scanners in large animal models of cardiovascular disease, she is a leader in the field aiding to the clinical translation of these stem cell labeling techniques. Currently, she is a co-ed ...
Connexin 43 mimetic peptide Gap27 reveals potential differences in
Connexin 43 mimetic peptide Gap27 reveals potential differences in

... removed. Subsequently, wounds were generated by removing the epidermis and the upper dermis from the centre of the biopsies with a 3 mm biopsy device. These ex vivo WHM were placed dermis side down on gauze into culture dishes filled with DMEM supplemented with hydrocortisone, foetal calf serum, pen ...
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue

... •Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells •Fibrosis •Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue) •Whether regeneration or fibrosis occurs depends on: •Type of tissue damaged •Severity of the injury © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
GCSE Biology Textbook sample
GCSE Biology Textbook sample

... size varies from one species to another. Scientists sometimes investigate the ratio of the area of the cytoplasm to that of the nucleus in micrographs. A high ratio of cytoplasmic:nuclear volume can indicate that the cell is about to divide. A low one can be characteristic of a cancer cell. ...
Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue

... They are abundant in tissue that needs flexibility, as they allow tissue to stretch. These fibers cannot usually be seen in H&E stains. Special stains for these fibers are Verhoeff’s van Gieson, Weigerts Stain, or Gomori. ...
Plant cell expansion: scaling the wall Fr´ed´eric Nicol and Herman H
Plant cell expansion: scaling the wall Fr´ed´eric Nicol and Herman H

... What can we learn from the rsw1 mutant phenotype? Mutant plants grown at 31˚C show increased radial expansion in all cell types investigated, including tip-growing cells such as trichomes and root hairs ([17] and personal communication). RSW1, therefore, seems to be required for primary wall synthes ...
Systemic and cell type-specific gene expression patterns in scleroderma skin.
Systemic and cell type-specific gene expression patterns in scleroderma skin.

... by ⬎2-fold in at least three of the 27 experiments and analyzed them by hierarchical clustering in both the gene and experiment dimension (Fig. 1). The dendrogram representing the results from clustering the tissues samples according to similarity in their patterns of expression of these 2,776 genes ...
CytoTracers User Manual
CytoTracers User Manual

... stable expression via integration, robust synthesis, and expression by using appropriate promoter elements. To ensure the expression of these constructs in a variety of cell types, constructs are available with two extensivelytested promoters. The Murine Stem Cell Virus promoter (MSCV) is useful for ...
Cell Cycle-specific Effects of Tumor Necrosis
Cell Cycle-specific Effects of Tumor Necrosis

... acid buffer (Calbiochem. La Jolla. Calif.) and 2 mm MgCI2, pH 6.4 and 0°.DAPI was synthesized and kindly provided by Dr. Jan Kapuscinski of the Sloan-Kettering Institute. At 0.1% Triton X-100 and in the presence of serum proteins (from the original suspen sion), the cells do not lyse (unless subjec ...
Ganglionar nervous cells and telocytes in the pancreas of Octodon
Ganglionar nervous cells and telocytes in the pancreas of Octodon

... Neurogastroenterology is defined as neurology of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder and pancreas and it encompasses control of the digestive process through the enteric nervous system (ENS) (Kiba, 2004), the central nervous system (CNS) and integrative centers in sympathetic ganglia. Neur ...
When plant cells decide to divide
When plant cells decide to divide

... types by sequence comparison with their mammalian homologues (K. Vandepoele, pers. commun.); the A, B and D types are studied most intensively27. The transcript levels of most of the plant D-type cyclins are almost constant during the cell cycle, reminiscent of the animal D-type cyclins31. However, ...
Actomyosin-based Self-organization of cell internalization during C. elegans gastrulation Open Access
Actomyosin-based Self-organization of cell internalization during C. elegans gastrulation Open Access

... embryo to form the gut primordium [9,10]. This is followed by the multipolar internalization of mesoderm, primordial germ cells, and ectodermal cells to form the pharynx, body musculature, and neuronal tissue, respectively, all from the ventral side [9,11]. Cell internalization has been mainly studi ...
Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) Increase Biomarkers Expression in
Pulsed Radiofrequency (PRF) Increase Biomarkers Expression in

... Introduction. Chronic lumbar radicular pain can be described as neuropathic pain, which typically refers nerve root involvement. PRF has been used for the treatment of chronic lumbar radicular pain for well over a decade and its popularity has increased significantly in recent years. The effectivene ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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