Evidence that the transport of ricin to the cytoplasm is independent
... hemagglutinin protein (HA) from the ER to the cell surface was measured by incorporation of radioactivity from Tran 35S-label into HA as previously described (Hu et al., 1999). In brief, cells were transfected with plasmid encoding wild-type Rab6A or the mutant Rab6A-T27N one day before an experimen ...
... hemagglutinin protein (HA) from the ER to the cell surface was measured by incorporation of radioactivity from Tran 35S-label into HA as previously described (Hu et al., 1999). In brief, cells were transfected with plasmid encoding wild-type Rab6A or the mutant Rab6A-T27N one day before an experimen ...
University of Birmingham Leptomycin B induces apoptosis in cells
... has led to their classification as either high risk (e.g. HPV 16 or 18) or low risk (e.g. HPV 6 or 11) types (2). We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether ...
... has led to their classification as either high risk (e.g. HPV 16 or 18) or low risk (e.g. HPV 6 or 11) types (2). We have previously shown that the nuclear export inhibitor LMB can induce apoptosis in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) expressing HPV 16 E7 and E6/E7 (3), but it is not known whether ...
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... mammary gland (Russo et al. 1977). Some of the ducts had an indented rather than a smooth outline with many lateral buds positioned along their length (Fig. IB). All the ductal outgrowths grew apart and no ducts crossed each other (Fig. IB). Histological examination of outgrowths from implanted TEBs ...
... mammary gland (Russo et al. 1977). Some of the ducts had an indented rather than a smooth outline with many lateral buds positioned along their length (Fig. IB). All the ductal outgrowths grew apart and no ducts crossed each other (Fig. IB). Histological examination of outgrowths from implanted TEBs ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... protoxylem TEs in the central vascular cylinder (Fig. 1A). However, within 48 hours of VND7 induction, nearly 100% of hypocotyl epidermal cells of VND7-VP16-GR seedlings transdifferentiated into protoxylem TEs with highly fluorescent secondary cell walls (Fig. 1B,C). In order to verify that the UV a ...
... protoxylem TEs in the central vascular cylinder (Fig. 1A). However, within 48 hours of VND7 induction, nearly 100% of hypocotyl epidermal cells of VND7-VP16-GR seedlings transdifferentiated into protoxylem TEs with highly fluorescent secondary cell walls (Fig. 1B,C). In order to verify that the UV a ...
Surface modified poly(β amino ester)
... vectors for the delivery of plasmid DNA to cells for gene therapy applications. In this work we describe the formulation of a novel nanoparticle (NP) system containing a blend of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and a representative poly(beta-amino) ester (PLGA and PBAE respectively) for use as gene de ...
... vectors for the delivery of plasmid DNA to cells for gene therapy applications. In this work we describe the formulation of a novel nanoparticle (NP) system containing a blend of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and a representative poly(beta-amino) ester (PLGA and PBAE respectively) for use as gene de ...
Luciferase Reporter Vector Protocol
... Panomics’ Luciferase Reporter Vectors are designed to monitor transcription factor binding activity in vivo through the use of the standard luciferase assay. Each Luciferase Reporter Vector contains multiple repeats of a specific transcription factor binding element. Binding at this recognition site ...
... Panomics’ Luciferase Reporter Vectors are designed to monitor transcription factor binding activity in vivo through the use of the standard luciferase assay. Each Luciferase Reporter Vector contains multiple repeats of a specific transcription factor binding element. Binding at this recognition site ...
20121014193054_DVL_2
... follicle (Gronthos et al., 2000; Seo et al., 2004). While these cells have stem cell properties and can be cultured as stem cells in vitro and differentiated in vivo into odontoblasts, cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, there is no evidence that they would have maintained capacity either ...
... follicle (Gronthos et al., 2000; Seo et al., 2004). While these cells have stem cell properties and can be cultured as stem cells in vitro and differentiated in vivo into odontoblasts, cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, there is no evidence that they would have maintained capacity either ...
Control of the Plant Cell Cycle by Developmental
... Once plant cells stop proliferating and begin to differentiate, they often enter an alternative cell cycle called the endoreduplication cycle or endocycle in which cells repeat DNA replication without intervening mitoses. It is well established that an increase in ploidy through successive rounds of ...
... Once plant cells stop proliferating and begin to differentiate, they often enter an alternative cell cycle called the endoreduplication cycle or endocycle in which cells repeat DNA replication without intervening mitoses. It is well established that an increase in ploidy through successive rounds of ...
Development of Next-Generation Optical Neural Silencers
... opsins which play a role in phototaxis and light-driven ion transport in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial species, and the type 2 opsins, which mediate vision and circadian rhythms in higher eukaryotes. At present, it is unknown whether the two families descend from a single progenitor ance ...
... opsins which play a role in phototaxis and light-driven ion transport in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial species, and the type 2 opsins, which mediate vision and circadian rhythms in higher eukaryotes. At present, it is unknown whether the two families descend from a single progenitor ance ...
Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication
... of replication. This parallel processing strategy enables efficient replication but also demands that strict regulatory mechanisms are in place to ensure that each piece of the genome is replicated precisely once per cell division cycle. DNA replication origins are restricted to a single firing even ...
... of replication. This parallel processing strategy enables efficient replication but also demands that strict regulatory mechanisms are in place to ensure that each piece of the genome is replicated precisely once per cell division cycle. DNA replication origins are restricted to a single firing even ...
One tissue, two fates: different roles of megagametophyte cells
... 1376 | Vuosku et al. nuclear envelope is not (Rose et al., 2004), which suggests that different molecular mechanisms may be responsible for the nuclear envelope events in plant and animal cells. Chromosome fragmentation and DNA degradation require the participation of endo- and exonucleases. The ap ...
... 1376 | Vuosku et al. nuclear envelope is not (Rose et al., 2004), which suggests that different molecular mechanisms may be responsible for the nuclear envelope events in plant and animal cells. Chromosome fragmentation and DNA degradation require the participation of endo- and exonucleases. The ap ...
Blood Stem Cell Activity Is Arrested by Th1
... BM, HSCs interact with nonhematopoietic stromal cells, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, commonly referred to as their niche (1–3). At steady-state, most HSCs are quiescent (4, 5), but in situations of increased demand, injury of cells, blood loss, and senescence they dynamically respond to genera ...
... BM, HSCs interact with nonhematopoietic stromal cells, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, commonly referred to as their niche (1–3). At steady-state, most HSCs are quiescent (4, 5), but in situations of increased demand, injury of cells, blood loss, and senescence they dynamically respond to genera ...
Hes genes regulate size, shape and histogenesis of the
... results indicate that in the double mutant, although neuroepithelial cells are normally formed, radial glial cells are prematurely lost. Agreeing with this notion, expression of the radial glial marker RC2 was also lost from the ventral region at E9.5 and 10.5 (Fig. 4K,L). We next examined the diffe ...
... results indicate that in the double mutant, although neuroepithelial cells are normally formed, radial glial cells are prematurely lost. Agreeing with this notion, expression of the radial glial marker RC2 was also lost from the ventral region at E9.5 and 10.5 (Fig. 4K,L). We next examined the diffe ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Feb 20
... Furthermore, cell spreading is perturbed upon reduction of ...
... Furthermore, cell spreading is perturbed upon reduction of ...
Cloning of an Endangered Species (Bos gaurus)
... Three fetuses were removed by elective cesarean section at days 46 and 54 (twins) of gestation (Fig. 3). CRL recorded at the time of removal were 2.46 cm, 4.40 cm, and 4.60 cm for fetus number 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The fetuses were evaluated for external morphology. There was no evidence of gro ...
... Three fetuses were removed by elective cesarean section at days 46 and 54 (twins) of gestation (Fig. 3). CRL recorded at the time of removal were 2.46 cm, 4.40 cm, and 4.60 cm for fetus number 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The fetuses were evaluated for external morphology. There was no evidence of gro ...
Licensed to: iChapters User
... cells, nerve cells, and gland cells. Each human organism begins when an egg and sperm unite to form a single new cell, which multiplies and forms a growing mass through myriad cell divisions. If cell multiplication were the only process involved in development, all the body cells would be essentiall ...
... cells, nerve cells, and gland cells. Each human organism begins when an egg and sperm unite to form a single new cell, which multiplies and forms a growing mass through myriad cell divisions. If cell multiplication were the only process involved in development, all the body cells would be essentiall ...
Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase intact cells
... pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 to 3500 prol/l0 cells after 3 hours of exposure to ara-A). The cellular content of AdoMet increases slightly in liver cells, but remains lDlchanged in the cultured cells. Accumulation of intracellular MoHey leads to a marked egress of AdoHcy from the cells. Af ...
... pronounced in the hepatocytes (frcrn 50 to 3500 prol/l0 cells after 3 hours of exposure to ara-A). The cellular content of AdoMet increases slightly in liver cells, but remains lDlchanged in the cultured cells. Accumulation of intracellular MoHey leads to a marked egress of AdoHcy from the cells. Af ...
PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E
... is apolar, respectively (Handyside, 1980; Ziomek and Johnson, 1980; Johnson and Ziomek, 1981). Cultured apolar cells can become engulfed by the basolateral membrane of polarized cells, indicating that apical surfaces are less adhesive (Johnson and Ziomek, 1983; Dietrich and Hiiragi, 2007). Only apic ...
... is apolar, respectively (Handyside, 1980; Ziomek and Johnson, 1980; Johnson and Ziomek, 1981). Cultured apolar cells can become engulfed by the basolateral membrane of polarized cells, indicating that apical surfaces are less adhesive (Johnson and Ziomek, 1983; Dietrich and Hiiragi, 2007). Only apic ...
Stem Cells of the Adult Olfactory Epithelium
... sustentacular (Sus) cells, and Bowman duct/gland assemblies (3). The peripheral olfactory system is readily accessible and can be safely biopsied with minimal discomfort or risk, thereby offering a unique glimpse of a part of the nervous system (4–6). In addition, the capacity of the peripheral olfa ...
... sustentacular (Sus) cells, and Bowman duct/gland assemblies (3). The peripheral olfactory system is readily accessible and can be safely biopsied with minimal discomfort or risk, thereby offering a unique glimpse of a part of the nervous system (4–6). In addition, the capacity of the peripheral olfa ...
The Plant Cell Wall Integrity Maintenance
... composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, which exhibits similarities to the one existing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hamann and Denness 2011). The mechanism is monitoring the functional integrity of the plant cell wall and maintains i ...
... composition. An example of such a mechanism is the plant cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism, which exhibits similarities to the one existing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hamann and Denness 2011). The mechanism is monitoring the functional integrity of the plant cell wall and maintains i ...
The TOR signalling network from yeast to man
... discoideum has been characterized and also shown to regulate cell polarity (Lee et al., 2005). 4. Cascades While it is not known how, or even if, y/mTORC2 is regulated, y/mTORC1 is—via yet poorly understood mechanisms—regulated by nutrient quality and/or abundance. In addition, mTORC1 activity is in ...
... discoideum has been characterized and also shown to regulate cell polarity (Lee et al., 2005). 4. Cascades While it is not known how, or even if, y/mTORC2 is regulated, y/mTORC1 is—via yet poorly understood mechanisms—regulated by nutrient quality and/or abundance. In addition, mTORC1 activity is in ...
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... previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997), a small injection of BDA into the DCN (Fig. 1A) produces a distinctive pattern of labeling in the VCN (Fig. 1B). Nearly every coronal section through the cochlear nucleus contained a labeled band filled with axons, terminals, dendrites, and cell bodies. The dorsa ...
... previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997), a small injection of BDA into the DCN (Fig. 1A) produces a distinctive pattern of labeling in the VCN (Fig. 1B). Nearly every coronal section through the cochlear nucleus contained a labeled band filled with axons, terminals, dendrites, and cell bodies. The dorsa ...
Inductive asymmetric cell division
... transcription factor POP-1, a homolog of the TCF (T-cell absence of Src-signaling. These findings suggested that these two factor) transcription factor.1,8,9 POP-1/TCF can function as a asymmetries are regulated independently. Recent work indicates that the cortical asymmetry of WRM-1 transcriptiona ...
... transcription factor POP-1, a homolog of the TCF (T-cell absence of Src-signaling. These findings suggested that these two factor) transcription factor.1,8,9 POP-1/TCF can function as a asymmetries are regulated independently. Recent work indicates that the cortical asymmetry of WRM-1 transcriptiona ...
a Gene Encoding a Putative Signal Transduction Receptor in
... proteins (MCPs), at an expect value of 6e-6. There were no highly significant similarities between ASI2 and other known proteins. Sequence analysis of the deduced Asi2p suggests it may be a signal transduction receptor. A domain search of the predicted gene product using the SMART program (Letunic e ...
... proteins (MCPs), at an expect value of 6e-6. There were no highly significant similarities between ASI2 and other known proteins. Sequence analysis of the deduced Asi2p suggests it may be a signal transduction receptor. A domain search of the predicted gene product using the SMART program (Letunic e ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.