Exam Two Review Guide Chapter Five Anabolism vs. Catabolism
... 16. Account for all the ATP, CO2, H2O NADH+H+ and FADH2 generated by one glucose molecule, then again for one G3P molecule. 17. G3P separates the energy investment phase from the energy payoff stage of glycolysis. Why are these phases named as such? 18. We generate between 36-38 ATP in cellular resp ...
... 16. Account for all the ATP, CO2, H2O NADH+H+ and FADH2 generated by one glucose molecule, then again for one G3P molecule. 17. G3P separates the energy investment phase from the energy payoff stage of glycolysis. Why are these phases named as such? 18. We generate between 36-38 ATP in cellular resp ...
Transition
... • Two catalytic modes based on binding properties can each increase reaction rates over 10,000-fold : (1) Proximity effect - collecting and positioning substrate molecules in the active site ...
... • Two catalytic modes based on binding properties can each increase reaction rates over 10,000-fold : (1) Proximity effect - collecting and positioning substrate molecules in the active site ...
Signaling9
... 3. Receptor desensitization varies with the hormone. • In some cases the activated receptor is phosphorylated via a G-protein Receptor Kinase. ...
... 3. Receptor desensitization varies with the hormone. • In some cases the activated receptor is phosphorylated via a G-protein Receptor Kinase. ...
Vol. 147, No. 3, 1987 September 30, 1987 BIOCHEMICAL AND
... Ca~-/calmodulin dependent protein kinase exhibits, as side activity, PI kinase activity ; the specific lipid kinase activity a~sociated with the phosphorylase kinase preparations is about I nmol min-" mg-" [20,21S. In the experiments presented in this paper phosphorylase kinase has been used as exog ...
... Ca~-/calmodulin dependent protein kinase exhibits, as side activity, PI kinase activity ; the specific lipid kinase activity a~sociated with the phosphorylase kinase preparations is about I nmol min-" mg-" [20,21S. In the experiments presented in this paper phosphorylase kinase has been used as exog ...
General analysis of observed kinome profiles
... plants. Although its function is less well described in C3 plants such as Arabidopsis, it acts particularly during germination and in providing the TCA/Krebs cycle with intermediates and is activated in response to nitrogen fixation e.g. water stress in C3 plants such as Arabidopsis [22,23]. The red ...
... plants. Although its function is less well described in C3 plants such as Arabidopsis, it acts particularly during germination and in providing the TCA/Krebs cycle with intermediates and is activated in response to nitrogen fixation e.g. water stress in C3 plants such as Arabidopsis [22,23]. The red ...
Proteins and Enzymes (p
... product can be achieved. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. When the end product is made in a sufficient quantity, the assembly line is shut down. This is usually done by inhibiting the action of the enzyme in the first step of the pathway. This is an example of an allosteric enzyme. The h ...
... product can be achieved. Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. When the end product is made in a sufficient quantity, the assembly line is shut down. This is usually done by inhibiting the action of the enzyme in the first step of the pathway. This is an example of an allosteric enzyme. The h ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 27: Membrane transport
... Diffusion across permeable membranes If solutions are separated by a permeable membrane, solutes will cross the membrane by random diffusion. Molecules leave the side with higher concentration at a faster rate, causing the concentration to decrease on the source side and increase on the destination ...
... Diffusion across permeable membranes If solutions are separated by a permeable membrane, solutes will cross the membrane by random diffusion. Molecules leave the side with higher concentration at a faster rate, causing the concentration to decrease on the source side and increase on the destination ...
Protein degradation and regulation
... 食), cancer cachexia(癌血症), severe sepsis(脓毒), metabolic acidosis(代谢酸中毒)。 ...
... 食), cancer cachexia(癌血症), severe sepsis(脓毒), metabolic acidosis(代谢酸中毒)。 ...
CHAPTER 6
... Enzymes regulated by covalent modification are called interconvertible enzymes. The enzymes (protein kinase and protein phosphatase, in the example shown here) catalyzing the conversion of the interconvertible enzyme between its two forms are called converter enzymes. In this example, the free enzym ...
... Enzymes regulated by covalent modification are called interconvertible enzymes. The enzymes (protein kinase and protein phosphatase, in the example shown here) catalyzing the conversion of the interconvertible enzyme between its two forms are called converter enzymes. In this example, the free enzym ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... (4) The level of which one of the following enzymes will increase in serum following myocardial damage? (a) peroxidase (b) lactate dehydrogenase (c) cytochrome oxidase (d) protease (5) In vitro recombination is also known as (a) DNA shuffling (b) homologous recombination (c) transposition (d) in vit ...
... (4) The level of which one of the following enzymes will increase in serum following myocardial damage? (a) peroxidase (b) lactate dehydrogenase (c) cytochrome oxidase (d) protease (5) In vitro recombination is also known as (a) DNA shuffling (b) homologous recombination (c) transposition (d) in vit ...
Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4
... Hormones dissociate from carrier proteins to pass through lipid component of the target plasma membrane. Receptors for the lipophilic hormones are known as nuclear hormone receptors. ...
... Hormones dissociate from carrier proteins to pass through lipid component of the target plasma membrane. Receptors for the lipophilic hormones are known as nuclear hormone receptors. ...
Enzyme Shape
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
The lower Vmax is consistent with the mutation resulting in a
... In normal freshly isolated B lymphocytes and in cultured Daudi cells (an established leukemic B lymphocyte cell line used in tissue culturing) Leu-13 is absent from this complex or present at low levels. However, addition of pure recombinant Leu-13 to either fresh B lymphocytes or Daudi cells rever ...
... In normal freshly isolated B lymphocytes and in cultured Daudi cells (an established leukemic B lymphocyte cell line used in tissue culturing) Leu-13 is absent from this complex or present at low levels. However, addition of pure recombinant Leu-13 to either fresh B lymphocytes or Daudi cells rever ...
Ubiquitin-proteosome protein degradation ppt
... • Protein degradation is a regulated process Example: Acetyl CoA carboxylase Nutritional state Half-life Fed 48 hours Fasted 18 hours ...
... • Protein degradation is a regulated process Example: Acetyl CoA carboxylase Nutritional state Half-life Fed 48 hours Fasted 18 hours ...
Problem set answers
... 4. AlphaCP1 is a polyC/U binding protein that binds to polyC/U-containing 3' UTR regions of certain mRNA species to stabilize the message and suppress translation. Phosphorylation of aCP1 by S6 protein kinase is thought to result in reduced binding to the mRNA and release of the protein from the po ...
... 4. AlphaCP1 is a polyC/U binding protein that binds to polyC/U-containing 3' UTR regions of certain mRNA species to stabilize the message and suppress translation. Phosphorylation of aCP1 by S6 protein kinase is thought to result in reduced binding to the mRNA and release of the protein from the po ...
Slide 1
... (2) How to change the rate of a specific cellular activity? (3) Rapid vs slower change (4) Varying amount vs specific activity of a protein (5) Coordinating simultaneous changes in related proteins (6) How to achieve fine/differential regulation ...
... (2) How to change the rate of a specific cellular activity? (3) Rapid vs slower change (4) Varying amount vs specific activity of a protein (5) Coordinating simultaneous changes in related proteins (6) How to achieve fine/differential regulation ...
enzyme - Clayton State University
... • Active site is distorted and is not recognised by the substrate • Increasing substrate concentration does not reverse inhibition • Inhibitor is not similar in structure to the substrate ...
... • Active site is distorted and is not recognised by the substrate • Increasing substrate concentration does not reverse inhibition • Inhibitor is not similar in structure to the substrate ...
Catalysis by Enzymes
... Enzyme concentration: The reaction rate varies directly with the enzyme concentration as long as the substrate concentration does not become a limitation, Fig 19.6 below. ...
... Enzyme concentration: The reaction rate varies directly with the enzyme concentration as long as the substrate concentration does not become a limitation, Fig 19.6 below. ...
fillable MS-Word version of the In Silico Kinase Match
... Note that the P-site amino acid must appear in position 0. Use “X” to denote a space if the P-site originates from the Nor C-terminus of a protein (e.g. if the phospho-acceptor AA Serine is in the second AA residue position of the substrate protein after a Methionine, then the sequence would begin “ ...
... Note that the P-site amino acid must appear in position 0. Use “X” to denote a space if the P-site originates from the Nor C-terminus of a protein (e.g. if the phospho-acceptor AA Serine is in the second AA residue position of the substrate protein after a Methionine, then the sequence would begin “ ...
Regulatory Strategies
... – Activity influenced by non-covalent binding of metabolite called a modulator • May be inhibitory or stimulatory • May have one (monovalent) or several (polyvalent) modulators • Binding induces shape change in enzyme • Enzymes are large; two or more subunits • Exhibit homotropic or heterotropic con ...
... – Activity influenced by non-covalent binding of metabolite called a modulator • May be inhibitory or stimulatory • May have one (monovalent) or several (polyvalent) modulators • Binding induces shape change in enzyme • Enzymes are large; two or more subunits • Exhibit homotropic or heterotropic con ...
Protein concentration measurement by UV
... protein on their absorbance, but at the same time it will also hide any problems with aggregation of the material as all protein will be denatured and solubilised. Depending on the method, the absorption coefficient should be calculated using either values from Pace et al (1995, native conditions) o ...
... protein on their absorbance, but at the same time it will also hide any problems with aggregation of the material as all protein will be denatured and solubilised. Depending on the method, the absorption coefficient should be calculated using either values from Pace et al (1995, native conditions) o ...
Gene Section SH3GL2 (SH3-domain GRB2-like 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... SH3GL2 overexpression increased isoproterenolinduced receptor inter-nalization by 25% and decreased coupling of receptor to the G-protein. The SH3 domain of SH3GL2 also binds to a proline rich domain within the cytoplasmic tail of metalloprotease disintegrins, transmembrane glycoproteins acting in c ...
... SH3GL2 overexpression increased isoproterenolinduced receptor inter-nalization by 25% and decreased coupling of receptor to the G-protein. The SH3 domain of SH3GL2 also binds to a proline rich domain within the cytoplasmic tail of metalloprotease disintegrins, transmembrane glycoproteins acting in c ...
Mechanisms of Enzyme Regulation • Substrate concentration
... changes in substrate concentration because the intracellular level of many substrates is in the range of the Km. Thus, an increase in substrate concentration prompts an increase in reaction rate, which tends to return the concentration of substrate toward normal. Product inhibition. If the product a ...
... changes in substrate concentration because the intracellular level of many substrates is in the range of the Km. Thus, an increase in substrate concentration prompts an increase in reaction rate, which tends to return the concentration of substrate toward normal. Product inhibition. If the product a ...
Ultrasensitivity
In molecular biology, ultrasensitivity describes an output response that is more sensitive to stimulus change than the hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten response. Ultrasensitivity is one of the biochemical switches in the cell cycle and has been implicated in a number of important cellular events, including exiting G2 cell cycle arrests in Xenopus laevis oocytes, a stage to which the cell or organism would not want to return.Ultrasensitivity is a cellular system which triggers entry into a different cellular state. Ultrasensitivity gives a small response to first input signal, but an increase in the input signal produces higher and higher levels of output. This acts to filter out noise, as small stimuli and threshold concentrations of the stimulus (input signal) is necessary for the trigger which allows the system to get activated quickly. Ultrasensitive responses are represented by sigmoidal graphs, which resemble cooperativity. Quantification of ultrasensitivity is often approximated by the Hill equation (biochemistry):Response= Stimulus^n/(EC50^n+Stimulus^n)Where Hill's coefficient (n) may represent quantitative measure of ultrasensitive response.