Evolution
... ancestors of cyanobacteria, or from them directly. Therefore, despite there being differences in the specific organisms that were taken in to become the endosymbionts, the process through which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated was very similar. However, there may be a key difference in the o ...
... ancestors of cyanobacteria, or from them directly. Therefore, despite there being differences in the specific organisms that were taken in to become the endosymbionts, the process through which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated was very similar. However, there may be a key difference in the o ...
Meiotic long non-coding meiRNA accumulates as a dot at its genetic
... locus facilitated by Mmi1 and plays as a decoy to lure Mmi1. Open Biol. 4: 140022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.140022 ...
... locus facilitated by Mmi1 and plays as a decoy to lure Mmi1. Open Biol. 4: 140022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.140022 ...
The Guanine Nucleotide–Binding Switch in Three Dimensions
... element crucial for its function in nuclear transport (9, 10). G␣ proteins with a molecular mass of 40 to 45 kD have several extensions to and insertions into the G domain, one of which constitutes an independently folding ␣-helical domain (Fig. 1B), whereas the others are mostly loops. The entire h ...
... element crucial for its function in nuclear transport (9, 10). G␣ proteins with a molecular mass of 40 to 45 kD have several extensions to and insertions into the G domain, one of which constitutes an independently folding ␣-helical domain (Fig. 1B), whereas the others are mostly loops. The entire h ...
A Long Twentieth Century of Review the Cell
... Growth of the cell was thought to be an important factor in this control by restraining specific rate-limiting steps. Certain cells such as amphibian oocytes and eggs are very much enlarged, and in these cases cell mass is no longer limiting and cell cycle progression is regulated by a timer or osci ...
... Growth of the cell was thought to be an important factor in this control by restraining specific rate-limiting steps. Certain cells such as amphibian oocytes and eggs are very much enlarged, and in these cases cell mass is no longer limiting and cell cycle progression is regulated by a timer or osci ...
IRIC NEXT GENERATION INTERNSHIP AWARDS
... The entry into mitosis is initiated by the activation of the cyclin B-CDK1 kinase, which is able to phosphorylate several proteins to trigger chromosome condensation, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, and the establishment of the spindle microtubules. It was shown that the phosphatase PP2A allows t ...
... The entry into mitosis is initiated by the activation of the cyclin B-CDK1 kinase, which is able to phosphorylate several proteins to trigger chromosome condensation, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, and the establishment of the spindle microtubules. It was shown that the phosphatase PP2A allows t ...
Pathology pernicious anemia is associated with an increased risk of
... metabolism to a free radical that can initiate lipid peroxidation o free radicals exert their injury on the cell membrane mitochondrial membranes, lysosome membranes, cell membranes o fibrinoid necrosis – blood vessels from coagulation process to seal damage of blood vessels via aggregation of ...
... metabolism to a free radical that can initiate lipid peroxidation o free radicals exert their injury on the cell membrane mitochondrial membranes, lysosome membranes, cell membranes o fibrinoid necrosis – blood vessels from coagulation process to seal damage of blood vessels via aggregation of ...
Three Domains of Life
... Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Prokaryotes have a tough cell wall and other external structures • Cell wall consists of peptidoglycan; a rigid network of polysaccharide strands cross-linked by peptide side chains; unique to Bacteria • Maintains the shape of the cell and protects it from swelling and ...
... Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Prokaryotes have a tough cell wall and other external structures • Cell wall consists of peptidoglycan; a rigid network of polysaccharide strands cross-linked by peptide side chains; unique to Bacteria • Maintains the shape of the cell and protects it from swelling and ...
Colloidal Gold-Mediated Delivery of Bleomycin for Improved
... to tumors while causing minimum side effects. Many of the side effects of anticancer drugs are caused because of their nonspecific attack on all rapidly dividing cells. Hence, GNPs can be used to resolve certain limitations in chemotherapy such as side effects through targeting and effective loading ...
... to tumors while causing minimum side effects. Many of the side effects of anticancer drugs are caused because of their nonspecific attack on all rapidly dividing cells. Hence, GNPs can be used to resolve certain limitations in chemotherapy such as side effects through targeting and effective loading ...
The NF- B Pathway
... inducible nitric oxide synthase, which regulate the innate immune response, as well as proteins that regulate the specific immune response, such as major ...
... inducible nitric oxide synthase, which regulate the innate immune response, as well as proteins that regulate the specific immune response, such as major ...
Membranes
... o Unlike lipids, membrane proteins cannot flip across the membrane o Proteins are synthesized from an mRNA template that is read by the ribosome to condense/polymerize amino acids - N->C terminal growth of protein o Free Ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins o Membrane proteins are made by ribos ...
... o Unlike lipids, membrane proteins cannot flip across the membrane o Proteins are synthesized from an mRNA template that is read by the ribosome to condense/polymerize amino acids - N->C terminal growth of protein o Free Ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins o Membrane proteins are made by ribos ...
Redistribution and differential extraction of soluble proteins in
... allow such proteins to be redistributed into locations in which they are not present in vivo. Fixation of proteins in these locations would inevitably yield misleading results. Second, loss of proteins from cells during permeabilizaton and fixation could lead to the differential extraction of solubl ...
... allow such proteins to be redistributed into locations in which they are not present in vivo. Fixation of proteins in these locations would inevitably yield misleading results. Second, loss of proteins from cells during permeabilizaton and fixation could lead to the differential extraction of solubl ...
Developmental control of a G1-S transcriptional program in Drosophila
... region), while the dorsal epidermis (DE) is located laterally. The embryos in E-H are at the germ band extended stage. They have been pulse labeled with BrdU and then hybridized with a DmRNR2 probe prior to immunofluorescent detection of incorporated BrdU (G and H). (E) The constitutive and ubiquito ...
... region), while the dorsal epidermis (DE) is located laterally. The embryos in E-H are at the germ band extended stage. They have been pulse labeled with BrdU and then hybridized with a DmRNR2 probe prior to immunofluorescent detection of incorporated BrdU (G and H). (E) The constitutive and ubiquito ...
Mitochondrial inheritance is mediated by microtubules in
... he mitochondrial network fragments and becomes uniformly dispersed within the cytoplasm when mammalian cells enter mitosis. Such morphology and distribution of mitochondria was previously thought to facilitate the stochastic inheritance of mitochondria by daughter cells. In contrast, we recently rep ...
... he mitochondrial network fragments and becomes uniformly dispersed within the cytoplasm when mammalian cells enter mitosis. Such morphology and distribution of mitochondria was previously thought to facilitate the stochastic inheritance of mitochondria by daughter cells. In contrast, we recently rep ...
The septins: roles in cytokinesis and other processes Mark S
... also been seen at the mother-bud neck and near the bases of hyphae in the dimorphie yeast C. a/b/cans [22], and it is likely, although not yet demonstrated, that these filaments contain the C. albicans septins [10]. However, C. albicans is morphologically similar and relatively close phylogeneticall ...
... also been seen at the mother-bud neck and near the bases of hyphae in the dimorphie yeast C. a/b/cans [22], and it is likely, although not yet demonstrated, that these filaments contain the C. albicans septins [10]. However, C. albicans is morphologically similar and relatively close phylogeneticall ...
Engineering key components in a synthetic eukaryotic
... responses of RcsB, YojN, and Ypd1 were equivocal (data not shown). We, therefore, focused our subsequent work on PhoB and OmpR. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated that constitutively expressed either PhoB-GFP or OmpR-GFP. Figure 2 shows epi-fluorescence images of PhoB-GFP in transgenic pla ...
... responses of RcsB, YojN, and Ypd1 were equivocal (data not shown). We, therefore, focused our subsequent work on PhoB and OmpR. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated that constitutively expressed either PhoB-GFP or OmpR-GFP. Figure 2 shows epi-fluorescence images of PhoB-GFP in transgenic pla ...
AF4 Encodes a Ubiquitous Protein That in Both
... mRNAs were found to be widely expressed in hematopoietic cells and normal human tissues.4,5 cDNA sequence analysis of the AF-4 gene showed that it encodes a serine/proline-rich protein with a predicted size of 130 to 140 kD containing guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding and putative nuclearlocaliza ...
... mRNAs were found to be widely expressed in hematopoietic cells and normal human tissues.4,5 cDNA sequence analysis of the AF-4 gene showed that it encodes a serine/proline-rich protein with a predicted size of 130 to 140 kD containing guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding and putative nuclearlocaliza ...
Anatomy and Physiology
... Passive transport process Active transport process Question 5 Explanation:Diffusion is the process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed. Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced throug ...
... Passive transport process Active transport process Question 5 Explanation:Diffusion is the process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed. Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced throug ...
What`s New in the Plant Cell Cycle?
... response to a stress (e.g. UVB). Mostly, in this review I consider what is new in the “normal” cell cycle, if such a condition actually exists. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the universality of DNA, the basic events of the cell cycle are common to all eukaryotes. All proliferative cells must repli ...
... response to a stress (e.g. UVB). Mostly, in this review I consider what is new in the “normal” cell cycle, if such a condition actually exists. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the universality of DNA, the basic events of the cell cycle are common to all eukaryotes. All proliferative cells must repli ...
What`s New in the Plant Cell Cycle?
... response to a stress (e.g. UVB). Mostly, in this review I consider what is new in the “normal” cell cycle, if such a condition actually exists. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the universality of DNA, the basic events of the cell cycle are common to all eukaryotes. All proliferative cells must repli ...
... response to a stress (e.g. UVB). Mostly, in this review I consider what is new in the “normal” cell cycle, if such a condition actually exists. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the universality of DNA, the basic events of the cell cycle are common to all eukaryotes. All proliferative cells must repli ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.